高中三年级英语学案Units 9-10 (B3)(人教版高三英语上册学案设计)
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【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
1．abuse n.滥用；虐待；辱骂vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂
It’s easy to abuse one?s power.
I won’t abuse your trust.
a much abused wife一位备爱虐待的妻子
the dangers of drug abuse滥用药物的危险
2．to make things worse更糟的是
To make things worse, he refused to apologize.
You are only making things worse.
同义词组有：what’s worse, worse still, even worse
类似结构有：to tell the truth说实话；to be exact确切说来；to be honest说实话；to be fran坦率地讲等
3．lay off解雇；不理会，使下岗
During the recession they laid ten of us off for three months.
The doctor told me to lay off for a week
4．consult vt.&vi.向……咨询，查阅
to consult a dictionary/a lawyer/a doctor
consult with与……交换意见，与……协商
Before I make up my mind I?d better consult with my parents.
5．make ends meet使收支相抵
Being out of work and having two young children, the couple found it impossible to make ends meet.
6．furnish vt.为……提供家具；用家具布置
furnish A with B为某人（物）提供某事物（＝furnish B to A）
furnish sth. with sth.为某物提供家具，用家具布置某地
furnish a village with supplies (furnish supplies to a village)
furnish a house (a room, an office)
7．take pride in感到自豪
（1）take pride in以……为荣，对……感到自豪
She took great pride in being a member of the club.
（2）be proud of以……自豪
He was proud of his school record.
（3）be proud to do因做……而自豪
I’m very proud to call you my friend.
8．do up打扮；梳妆；固定，扣上，系上；修理；装修
This skirt does up at the back.
He never bothers to do his jacket up.
If we decide to buy the cottage, we’ll have to do it up.
do onself up梳妆打扮，化妆
9．let down使某人失望，不帮助
Tom will never let you down, you can always depend on him to help you.
let alone更别提；不打扰；不惊动
let off放过，宽恕；开（枪），放（炮）；排放
let out放走，释放；泄漏，放出
10．fix sth on/upon sb全神贯注于；凝视
fix one’s eyes on sb.凝视某人
fix one’s thoughts/attention on what one is doing.
Her eyes were fixed on the gun.
二、词义辨析
1．result, effect与influence
（1）result“结果，影响”，指被某一行动、计划或事件带来的直接后果。
（2）effect“结果，影响”，指被某一行动、计划、事件带来的间接后果或某一物产生的效应（动词为affect）。
One of the effects of bad wether is a poor crop.
坏天气的后果之一是庄稼歉收。
influence“影响”，指对周围一切或今后历史等产生的影响或指有影响有势力的人或者有影响的物。
Don’t let me influence your decision.不要让我影响了你的决定。
2．take part in, join, join in与attend
（1）take part in表示参加某种活动，也可表示参加会议，并在活动中起积极作用。
（2）join加入某组织，成为其中一分子。如：
He joined the Party at the age of 20.他20岁入了党。
（3）attend表示出席会议。如：
We?ll attend a meeting at 2∶00 p.m.下午两点我们要参加会议。
（4）join in参加某一群人的活动。如：
After school, he joined us in cleaning.放学后，他和我们一起打扫卫生。
三、重点句型
1．They cannot afford to consult a doctor or purchase medicines from a chemist when they get sick, nor can they make sure that their children keep a healthy diet.
当他们生病时，既无钱就医也买不起药品，他们也不能保证他们的孩子有营养全面的饮食。
“neither /nor＋倒装句”，即“neither/nor＋系动词/情态动词/助动词＋主语”表示与前面所陈述的动作或情况有着相同的否定概念。
①前后主语不同，谓语相同，承前省略谓语。
I won’t go to the party, nor/neither will she.
我不会去参加聚会，她也不去。
②前后主语相同，谓语不同，谓语不能省略。
I can’ t speak French, nor do I understand it.
我不会说法语，也不懂法语。
either 表达“也不……”时，用在一个否定句的句末，此句从形式到意义都否定，即在该句中有否定意义的词，
如：
no， nobody, none, no one, not never.
neither/nor用在一个倒装句的句首，该倒装句形式肯定，而意义否定，即助动词/系动词/情态动词不再和否定的词连用。
提点迷津：“neither+倒装句”只能用于两个主语或两种情形的“后者同前者一样不……”　；“nor+倒装句”可以用于两者，也可以用于三者及以上情形或主语。
2．If lowincome families cannot afford to purchase medical insurance, as was the case with Wang Lin, other measures to reduce poverty will not succeed.
如果低收入家庭像王林一样无力购买医疗保险的话，其它的脱贫措施也将以失败告终。
As was the case with Wang Lin 像王林那样的情况，作families的定语。
in this/that case倘若这/那样的话
in any case 假使；免得，以防万一
in no case 决不　　　　in the case of 就……来说；至于……
3．Many happy hours had she spent, planning for something nice for him.
她花费了很多时间来为他准备一件好礼物。
此句正常语序为：She had spent many happy hours planning for something nice for him.
spend time/money on sth ./(in)doing sth .花费时间（金钱）干某事。
How much have you spent on this book?
He spends all day writing
四、语法复习
虚拟语气（Ⅱ）
（1）虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法
在“It is important( strange, natural, necessary) that…”这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”结构，表示某事是“重要”、“奇怪”、“自然”、“必要”等意义。
如：
It is important that every member(should)inform himself of these rules.重要的是每个成员知道这些规则。
It is necessary that he(should) be set there at once.有必要马上派他到那里去。
It is decided (has been decided) that the meeting (should) be postponed till tomorrow.已决定会议延期到明天。
It is very strange that she (should) have left without saying goodbye.她不辞而别。真让人奇怪。
（2）虚拟语气在宾浯从句中的用法
①动词wish后的宾语从句中
表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。
1)表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。
如：
I wish I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道)
I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year round.但愿北京全年是秋天。(只是愿望。实际根本不可能实现。)
She wishes she were still living with her grandmother.她希望仍和祖母住在一起。(实际不住在 起)
2)表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词常用“had+过去分词”。
如：
I wish (wished) I hadn?t spent so much money.我后悔不该花那么多钱。(实际上已经花掉)
He wishes (wished) he had not lost the chance.他真希望没有失去机会。(事实上机会已失去了，他感到惋惜。)
3)表示对将来的主观愿望：从句动词形式为“would十动词原形”。此时要注意，主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动物名词除外)。
如：
I wish it would stop raining.但愿雨能停止。
I wish you would come soon.但愿你立刻来。
suggest(建议), demand, order, propose, insist(坚持), command, request, desire等动词后的宾语从句中
谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。
如：
I suggest that we (should) set off at once.我建议我们马上动身。
I demand that he (should) answer me immediately.我要求他立刻答复我。
The students insisted that they (should) have more English classes.
学生们坚持要多上英语课。
（3）虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法
①在带有even if/even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中
主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。
如：
Even if Lin Tao were here,I should say the same thing. 即使林涛在这儿，我也要这样说。
Even though he had been ill,he would have gone to his office.即使生了病，他仍去办公室。
注：当从句由though／although引导时，主句常用陈述语气，从句可用也可不用虚拟浯气。
如：
This gave rue some faint hopes of relief, although I were (was) not able to imagine how it could be brought out.这给了我一丝解救的希望，但我想像不出如何实现。
②由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时
从句渭语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或“had+过去分词”。
如：
He treats me as if I were a stranger.他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。
She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.
她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。
注：姐果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。
③在in order that或so that引导的目的状语从句中
谓语动词多用“couht/might(有时电用should)+动词原形”。
如：
Mr. Green spoke slowly so that his students could/might hear clearly.
格林先生说得很慢，好让学生听清楚。
They are climbing higher in order that they might/could get a better view.
他们正往更高处爬，以便看得更清楚。
在in case，for fear(that)，lest等引导的从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”。
如：
She took her raincoat with her in case/for fear that/lest she (should) be caught in the rain.她带了雨衣，以免遭雨淋。
【考点透视 考例精析】
[考例1] He got well prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _______ the good opportunity.
A．to lose B．losing C．to be lost D．being lost
[解析] B 考查惯用法的掌握，risk后接动名词作宾语。
[考例2] I don’t want like ______ I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.
A．to sound B．to be sounded C． sounding D．to have sounded
[解析] A 题意为“我不想让别人听起来像在说别人的坏话，但经理的计划太不公平。”want接不定式作宾语，且sound like和主语之间是一种逻辑上的主谓关系。
[考例3] ---- How about eight o’clock outside the cinema?
----- That ______ me fine.
A．fits B．meets C．satisfies D．suits
[解析] D suit作vt.有“适合（某人）之意”的意思，与题干的意思吻合。fit指“尺寸大小”的合适；meet是“迎接”；satisfy somebody表示“满足某人欲望”。
[考例4] Look at the trouble I am in. If only I ______ your advice.
A．followed B．would follow C．had followed D．should follow
[本题] C 考查虚拟语气用法，if only“要是……就好了。”题意为“看看我现在的困境！要是我早听你的劝告就好了。”表示与过去事实相反的假设，用过去完成时态。
【基础演练】
一、据首字母（汉语提示）填词，完成句子。
1．When her husband died, she received $ 20,000 i____ __.
2．Half of our i___ ___ goes on rent.
3．He only agreed to leave the country under p____ __.
4．Nothing could p___ __ him (from) going there.
5．She is u__ ____ in having a bad husband.
6．The beggar wore a s___ ___ old hat.
7．What was the o___ ___ of your investigation?
8．Are you being a___ __ to?
9．The small company is heavily b__ ____ with taxation.
10．While talking to children, remember to s___ ___ your explanation for them.
二、单项选择
1．The store had to _______ a number of clerks because sales were down.
A．lay out B．lay off C． lay aside D． lay down
2．In recent years there has been a ______ increase in teacher’s salary.
A．violent B． wide C． significant D． cautious
3． Remember to _______ with your brother before you decide.
A．consume B． consult C． pretend D． experiment
4．Since the policy of being open to the outside world was put into practice, a ______ change has taken place in China.
A．fundamental B．essential C．elementary D． basic
5．----How about eight o’clock outside the cinema?
----That ______ me fine.
A．fits B．meets C．satifies D．suits
6．When John was arrested for drunken driving, he expected to lose his driving licence, but he was ______ with a fine.
A．let through B．let down C． let off D．let out
7．Mr Bally approved ______ the conference.
A．me to attend B． for my attending
C．of me to attend D． of my attending
8．The effect of the drug will ______ affter four hours or so.
A．fall through B．wind up C．end up D． wear off
9．This room is partly _______ with a few old armchairs.
A．offered B．given C． afforded D． furnished
10． ______ the bus arrived, forty minutes late.
A．At length B． In the first place
C．As a consequence D． In detail
【能力拓展】
阅读下面短文掌握其大意，然后从短文各题所给的四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
We had been told in the village that the road over the mountains was under construction and that it would be impossible to cross the frontier by car. We intended to disbelieve these 1 , since thirty miles of the road bad heen 2 effortlessly and we had come to within sight of the mountain pass. It was then that our confidence was 3 : the road began to get from bad to worse rapidly.
Henry stopped the car and we decided to climb as 4 as the pass on foot to see exactly how bad things were. We found that the track 5 for a couple of miles only; and then the road 6 again. We did not regard a little mud as a serious obstacle (障碍) and considered that the crossing would be quite 7 if we went on carefully. The first five hundred yards or so were sheletred by pieces of rock. We walked along 8 but surely, pleased with ourselves at having proved the villagers 9 . Just as we turned a corner, Henry caught sight of a large stone in his path and tried to 10 it. The car slid to one side and the rear wheels became 11 fast in mud. I got out to lighten the 12 , but the more Henry accelerated (加速), the deeper the wheels 13 into the soil. There was no choice but to dig down to the level of the wheels with our bare 14 . And we were soon covered in mud from head to foot. When the level was 15 , we filled the hole, with loose 16 and I watched anxiously as Henry started up the engine. Stones went 17 everywhere, but the wheels remained 18 in place. I fetched two planks and we put them 19 the wheels and the track. The wheels turned wildly before they gripped (咬紧) the dry planks. After a mometnt the car 20 itself out of the rut (车辙)， and came to a stop.
1． A．notes B．warnings C．dangers D．jokes
2． A．covered B．run C．gone D．driven
3． A．taken up B．torn down C．got off D．broken down
4． A．long B．soon C．possible D．far
5． A．ended B．turned C．extended D．lasted
6． A．continued B．disappeared C．was good D．remained
7． A．comfortable B．pleasant C．easy D．enjoyable
8． A．quickly B．slowly C．bravely D．hurriedly
9． A．fight B．stupid C．helpful D．wrong
10．A．hit B．miss C．avoid D．push
11．A．stuck B．flowing C．stricken D．flying
12．A．wheels B．lights C．road D．engine
13．A．dropped B．fell C．drowned D．sank
14．A．feet B．hands C．arms D．backs
15．A．reached B．raised C．reduced D．supported
16．A．wood B．stones C．sand D．trees
17． A．crashing B．splashing C．sinking D．flying
18． A．still B．loose C．firm D．direct
19． A．between B．among C．in D．outside
20． A．pushed B．pulled C．dragged D．drew
参考答案
高三部分
Units 9~10 (B3)
基础演练
一、1．insurance 2．income 3．pressure 4．prevent 5．unfortunate 6．shabby
7．outcome 8．attended 9． burdened 10．simplify
二、1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．C 7．D 8．D 9．D 10．A
能力拓展
参考答案及解析：
1—5 BADDC 6—10 ACBDC 11—15 DCDBA 16—20 BDCAB
1．B 我们本打算不想想这些提醒。
2．A 既然我们没费多大力气走了三十里路，而且已经看到山隘了。
3．D break down崩溃，瓦解，垮掉。就在这个时候，我们的自信心没有了；因为路况变糟了。
4．D as far as直到……之外为止，远达。我们决定步行爬山到山口去看看情况到底有多糟。
5．C 小路延伸有二三里。
6．A 然后又是大道。
7．C 如果我们小心前行的话，交叉路口应该较容易通过。
8．B 由上文“if we went on carefully”推测。
9．D 此时，在作者看来，路况并不是非常差，所以认为村民的提醒是错的。
10．C (车)想避开大石头。
11．D 后轮在泥里打滑，所以飞转。
12．C 照亮路。
13．D 根据常识推测车越加速，轮子就越陷进泥里。
14．B 别无他法，只好用手挖(泥土)，直到车轮底。
15．A (挖)到车轮底。
16．B 由下文“Stones went flying everywhere．”推测，是用松散小石子填坑。
17．D 马达启动，车轮转动，小石子四处飞溅。
18．C 车轮还是牢牢地在原地。in place在原来的地方。
19．A 把木板放在车轮和车辙之间。
20．B pull out(车辆、船只等)驶出，划出。

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