名词性从句
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that 从句
名词性从句可分为: wh-疑问从句
名词性关系从句
一、that从句
that we should keep the balance of nature
that he didn’t accept the invitation
意思没有变化，但在复合句（有主句和从句组成的句子，我们把它称作为复合句）中的作用发生了变化，加了that的句子，我们通常把它称作为从句，在复合句中只能充当一个成分。
1．主语
That the earth goes around the sun is a fact.
(先要学生找出主句的谓语，分出主语部分和谓语部分)
※ 主语部分仍然是一个完整的句子，（这时的that不能省略）当that从句作主语时，特别是谓语是be动词加表语的句子时，常可以改为it作形式主语。
※ 可以改为定语从句：
As is a fact, the earth goes round the sun.
The earth goes around the sun, which is a fact.
2. 宾语
1）作动词宾语
①We know (that) he is from London.
②有一个that时可以省略，但有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，在最后两个从句中用and连接，第一个that 可以省略，后面的则不可以。
eg. I hoped (that) my aunt would invite us and that she would arrange us for a few days there.
③SVOC
有that从句作宾语时，常常用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语从句放到后面。
We consider it proper that he will be sent to work there.(这里的it可以改成it is )
2)作介词宾语
一般情况下that从句不能作介词宾语，除了两个介词（except/in）
We know that he is from London.
We know nothing about him except that he’s from London.
短语 相同范畴 except
★except 不同范畴 except for (只是)
从句 that 从句
状语从句
He thought of the passengers waiting for him.
这里of 是介词，不能是句子，所以wait的形式不能是谓语，waiting是动名词，passengers是wait的逻辑主语。
3．作表语（be）
The fact is (that) he lost again.
4. 作同位语
Mr. Wang, our teacher, is coming.
(怎样才是同位语？ Mr. Wang is our teacher. 成立即可)
I gave them the order that they should finish the work before five.
区分定语从句与同位语从句：
1）定语从句中的关系代词的作用（①引导②成分③替代）,而同位语从句中that不作成分。
2）定语从句中的that作宾语时能省略；同位语从句中的that不能省略。
that our team won (同位语从句that不能省略)
The news excited us.
that we received （定语从句that可省略）
二、Wh-疑问从句
1、Will he be here tomorrow?
Whether/ if he will be here tomorrow
What is he doing now?
What he is doing now
疑问词作主语
Who will present at the meeting
How many students attended the meeting
2、句子成分
1、主语
Who will present at the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.
S V
Whether he’ll be here is still unknown.
句首只用whether V
可用it作形式主语，后面的从句用if/whether都可，与or not 连用时用whether
2、宾语
We don’t know where he lives.
作介词的宾语
I’m thinking of whom I turn to for help.
作主语时用who
I’m thinking of who will help us.
I go there everyday, except when it rains.
3、表语
The problem is where we can stay for night.
4、同位语
(I don’t know what he is doing now.)
I have no idea what he is doing now.
三、名词性关系从句
以 “what”和 “－ever” 引导的从句
what he knows
The thing that/which
1、作主语
What he needs is a good rest.
are good textbooks.
2、作宾语
He told me what he had seen.
3、作表语
This is what I want to say.
I insisted on giving him what I had in my bag.
He asked me what I didn’t know.
他问我不知道的东西。
特殊句子
She didn’t what she could to help him.
He told us all what he had seen.
I’ll give whoever presents at the meeting a present.
四、怎样使用名词性从句？
完整 （that）
名 陈述句
词 不完整 （缺少成分用what）
性 特殊疑问句
从 疑问句
句 一般疑问句
五、
That he came home late worried his mother.
His coming home late
六、I don’t know when we will start.
The question is where we will go.
where to go.

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