Unit 20 Disability
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一、教学目的和要求
1．单词和词组：
dream of come true seldom even though (=even if)
matter as though (=as if) in need of
as a matter of fact bathroom
conductor
tourist hopefully
disabled platform slightly prevent prevent…from
brain sense hearing tongue nervous
probable
end up blind enter treatment splendid painting clinic national flag fox declare seize
conduct forward
disability wheelchair
Stephen Hawking Cambridge best-seller musician Beethoven
attitude deaf
at the least video look forward to
2．日常交际用语：
It’s a beautiful day today. It’s a bit…today, isn’t it?
Hopefully tomorrow will turn out fine.
So far as I know, tomorrow should be fine, too.
You said that you hoped… I hope so. Have a good day.
3．学习倒装句的用法。
二、重点与难点
L.77
1．Hopefully tomorrow will turn out fine. 明天有希望转晴。
a）句中的hopefully是修饰全句的状语，意为“有希望地”。例如：
Hopefully our team will win the game and win a medal.
我们队有希望赢得这场比赛并得块奖牌。
“We are sure that we can finish the task in a day or two” they said hopefully.
他们倍心十足地说：“我们肯定能在一两天内完成这项任务。
hopefully在本句中是美国口语的用法，意思是It is hoped that…。
b）句中的turn out是一个多意词组，它的语义要根据上下文来决定，可以作“结果是……”解，也可以作“最后情况是……”解。例如：
It rained this morning, but it turned out fine. 今天上午还下雨呢，但下午天就晴了。
She turned out to be a friend of my sister. 她原来是我妹妹的朋友。
The job turned out to be harder than we thought. 这项工作结果比我们想的要难。
在以上的句子中，turn out分别作“其结果是……”“最后情况是……”解。
2．I’ve always dreamt of coming to China, and now my dream has come true.
我一直梦想来中国，现在我的梦终于实现了。
句中的dream一词既是名词，也可以作动词（及物动词或不及物动词），意为“梦”，“梦想”，其结构为dream of doing sth.或dream+that从句。例如：
The boy told me that he had dreamt a very strange dream.
男孩告诉我他做了一个很怪的梦。
My son’s dream is to be an actor. 我儿子的理想是当一个演员。
He dreams of becoming a famous violinist one day.
他梦想有朝一日能成为一名著名的小提琴演奏家。
I never dreamt that I’d see you again. 我绝没想到还能看见你。
3．I seldom have any difficulties. 我很少有困难。
a）seldom在句中是副词，作“很少”，“不常”解，通常用在动词前。例如：
I seldom go out on Sundays. 星期日我很少外出。
We seldom see him do his homework when he is at school.
我们很少看见他在学校做作业。
seldom视为否定词，因此句子一般被视为否定句，若后面跟反意疑问句时，应用肯定式。例如：
His wife seldom spends money on clothes, does she?
他的妻子很少花钱买衣服，是吗？
注意：类似的词还有hardly, rarely, never等。
b）句中的difficulty为可数名词，作“难事”、“难做的事”解，但在句型 “have difficulty (in) doing sth.中，difficulty是不可数名词，意思是“困难”、“艰难”、“费力”解。例如：
With the help of my friends, I’ve overcome difficulties in my study.
在朋友的帮助下，我克服了学习中的困难。
The students have difficulty in understanding the sentence.
学生们理解这个句子有困难。
4．But I’m determined to enjoy myself as much as possible, even though I can’t see everything.
但我决定尽可能地玩个痛快，即使我看不到所有的地方。
句中的even though是连词词组，作“即使”、“尽管”、“纵然”解，引导让步状语从句，例如：
Even though he is very nice, I don’t really trust him.
尽管他很好，我并不真正信任他。
The farmers are working in the fields even though it is raining hard.
尽管下着雨，可是农夫们仍在田间工作着。
有时even though可以用even if代替，例如：
We shall go to visit the place of interest even if it rains tomorrow.
即使明天下雨，我们明天也将去参观名胜。
They will stand by you even if you don’t succeed. 尽管你不成功，他们也仍将支持你。
5．It’s a pleasure. What time is it by your watch, please?
不必客气。请问您的表几点了？
句中的pleasure为名词，意为“快乐”、“愿望”、“意向”
“Will you join us?” “Thank you, with pleasure”.
“你愿意和我们一起去吗？”“谢谢你，非常愿意”。
It’s my pleasure to help those who have difficulties in their study.
我愿意帮助学习上有困难的人。
To work with him is a pleasure to me. 同他一起工作对我来说是件快乐的事。
L.78
1．That is because this professor has a disease which prevents him from speaking, ….
这是因为这位教授患有影响他发音的疾病，…
句中的词组prevent sb. from doing sth.作“阻止……发生”，“阻止（某人）做某事”解，其中的from一词可以省略。例如：
There was nothing to prevent her from doing so. 没有什么能阻止她去那样做。
Who prevented their plans from being carried out?
谁阻止他们的计划实施了？
The rain prevented me (from) coming that day.
那天这场雨使我不能来这儿。
The driver’s quick reaction prevented an accident from happening.
司机的快速反映避免了一场事故的发生。
与prevent…from doing…相同的词组还有：stop…from doing…, keep…from doing以及persuade…from doing.
2．Not only does he have to type out the answer on a computer, but he also gets the computer to translate into sounds.
他不仅要把答案在电脑上打出来，而且还要让电脑把它译成声音。
a）这是一个倒装句。以not only开头的句子，常用倒装语序，即助动词（did, does, have|+主语+动词的原形，而but also部分不倒装）。除了not only…but also句型外，含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时，也常用倒装语序。这些词有，not, never, little, seldom, hardly等。例如：
Not a single word did I hear. 我一个字也没听见。
Never have I seen such a sad movie. 我从没看过这么悲惨的电影。
Not only does she play the piano well, but she also sings well.
她不仅钢琴弹得好，唱得也很好。
Seldom does he go to see his parents. 他很少去看望他的父母。
b）句中的translate…into…意为“将……翻译成……”，表达这一意思是，还可以用词组put…into…以及turn…into…。例如：
This novel has been translated into several languages.
这部小说已被译成好几种语言了。
The teacher asked his students to translate those sentences into Chinese.
老师让他的学生们将那些句子译成中文。
3．The case of Professor Stephen Hawking is one example of the many disabled people who have achieved success in their chosen field of work.
斯蒂芬•霍金教授只是许多在自己可选择的领域里取得成功的残疾人中的一例。
a）case在句中作“情况”、“案件”、“实情”、“事例”解。例如：
That isn’t the case with Peter. 彼得的情况并不如此。
I must leave if that’s the case. 如果情况如此的话，我必须离开。
His case is a particular one. 他的情况特殊。
Such being the case, you can’t stand by. 既然情况如此，你不能袖手旁观。
另外，case一词还可以与介词in一起连用，这时in case一起作复合连词，引导状语从句，作“万一”，“如果”解。例如：
In case he comes, please let me know. 如果他来的话，请告诉我一声。
Take warm clothes in case the weather is cold. 请带些保暖的衣服以防天凉。
In case he arrives before I get back, please ask him to wait.
万一他在我回来之前到了，请让他等着。
b）句中的achieve一词意思是“取得”、“达到”、“实现”，相当于动词gain, complete。例如：
If you don’t work hard, you’ll achieve nothing. 如果不努力工作，你将一无可获。
The scientist hoped to achieve the aims by the end of year.
这位科学家希望在年底前达到他的目标。
achievement是achieve一词的名词，意为“成就”、“成绩”，这时常用作复数。
4．Although he had a disease of the brain which was getting worse, he decided to continue with his research and writing.
尽管他患有正在恶化的脑疾，他依然决心继续研究和写作。
句中的continue作不及物动词，后接介词with，意思是“继续（做某事）”，相当于go on with sth.例如：
The children asked the old man to continue with his story.
孩子们请求老人继续讲故事。
Though the teacher was out of the classroom, the students continued with their homework.
虽然老师离开了教室，但学生们仍继续做功课。
continue还可以作及物动词，也作“继续（干某事）”解，后面的宾语可以是不定式，也可以是名词或~ing形式。例如：
She continued the work day after day. 她日复一日地继续这项工作。
They continued working as if nothing had happened.
他们继续工作着，好像什么事情都没发生过似的。
5．Beethoven, who lived from 1770~1827, lost his hearing, yet continued to write great music.
贝多芬（1770~1827）失去了听力，但仍然继续写出了伟大的音乐作品。
句中的yet是一个很活跃的词，它可以作副词，也可以作连词。例如：
a）yet用于否定句和疑问句中，意思是“还（没有）”，与already相对：
I don’t want to go away yet. 我还不想离开呢。
“Has he come yet?” “No, not yet”. 他来了吗？没有。他还没来呢！
b）yet有时也用肯定句中，表示“还”、“仍”的意思。
Much yet remains to be done. 还有许多事要做呢！
I’ve a few more pages to read yet. 我还有几页要读。
c）yet和比较被连用，表示“更（加）”，“再”，例如：
You must work harder yet. 你必须更加努力地工作。
I have yet more exciting news for you. 我还有更加激动人心的消息告诉你。
d）作连词时，yet表示“但是”、“尽管如此”。例如：
He said he was our friend, yet he wouldn’t help us.
他说他是我们的朋友，但是他不愿意帮助我们。
I have failed, yet I shall try again. 我没成功，但我将再试一次。
yet有时连接二个形容词，表示“却”的意思。例如：
It’s strange yet true. 这很奇怪但却是真的。
Our teacher is kind yet fair. 我们老师很和善却很公平。
当and (but) yet连用时，表示“但是”的意思。例如：
I offered him a lot, and yet he wasn’t satisfied. 我给予他很多，但是他仍不满足。
She is a funny girl, and yet I don’t like her. 她是一个有趣的小姑娘，但是我不喜欢她。
L.79
1．Some people have the wrong attitude towards people with disabilities, considering them to be stupid. 有些人对残疾人持有不正确的态度，认为他们愚蠢。
a）句中的attitude为名词，是“态度”的意思，有时表示“看法”之意，如果指“对……的态度”时，多与介词“to”或“toward(s)”连用。例如：
I haven’t yet made up my mind what attitude to adopt towards her.
我还没打定注意对她采取什么态度。
What’s your attitude towards this idea? 你对这个主意有什么看法？
b）句中的considering them to be stupid是~ing短评，在句中作状语，表示伴随的动作。同时也可以把全句理解为相当一个具有两个并例谓语动词的简单句，既Some people have the wrong attitude towards people with disabilities and consider them to be stupid.
c）consider作“认为”解，后面跟带不定式的复合结构：consider sb./sth. to be…
意思是“认为……是……”。例如：
Do you consider that to be important? 你认为那件事情重要吗？
You can’t consider him to be a selfish man. 你不能认为他是一个自私的人。
The boy was considered to have stolen the money. 人们都认为这个男孩偷了钱。
2．As a matter of fact, many people have a disability. 事实上，许多人患有某种残疾。
句中的as a matter of fact与in fact, actually同义。意思是“实际上”，“确实”，“事实是”。例如：
He appears to be healthy, but as a matter of fact he suffers from a very weak heart.
他看上去很健康，其实他的心脏有毛病。
As a matter of fact, I don’t know her. 不瞒你说，我不认识她。
I hearred it yesterday, as a matter of fact. 事实上我昨天就得知这一消息了。
3．Even if none of this is true for us today, it is probable that one day well end up with a disability. 即使我们今天没有任何残疾，将来有一个也会以某种伤疾告终。
a）even if/though意为“即使”，引导让步状语从句，它既可以用直陈语气，也可以用虚拟语气。如：
Even if you don’t go tomorrow, we’ll go. 即使你明天不去，我们也要去。
Even though he had been sent to the hospital at once, he could not have been saved.
即使他被立刻送进医院，他也不会得救。
b）end up with意为“以……结束”，它的反义词组是begin/start with, “以……开始”。例如：
The lecturer began his speech with a polite “Good morning, everyone” and ended up his speech with “Thank you for your listening”.
这位演讲者以一句礼貌的“大家早上好”开始了他的演说，并以“谢谢大家的光临”结束了他的演说。
The party ended up with the singing of Auld Lang Syne. 晚会在“友谊地久天久”的歌声中结束。
4．It is often thought that disabilities are total. 人们常认为残疾就是完全残废。
句中的total是形容词，意为“全部的”，“完全的”，通常作定语。但也可用作名词，意思是“总数”，“总额”。例如：
What is the total population of the world? 世界人口的总数是多少？
The total number of the students in this school is 1,800.
这个学校学生的总人数是1,800人。
His debts reached a total of 2,000 yuan. 他的债务总额达二千元。
5．Once, people would often be referred to as “deaf” or “blind”.
曾经一段时间，人们经常被说成是“聋子”或“瞎子”。
refer to sth. as sth.的意思是“将……说成……”。例如：
I don’t know why he refers to his sister as a silly cow.
我不知道为什么他把他的妹妹称作蠢女人。
People sometimes refer to the map of Italy as a boot.
人们有时将意大利地图说成是一只靴子。
有时，speak of…as…可以替换refer to…as…。例如：
Don’t speak of your sister as a silly cow.
6．So we must make sure that they can enter and use all parts of the building.
因此我们必须确保他们能够进得去，能够使用楼里的各种设施。
句中的make sure意为“查明”，“弄肯定”，“没法做到”，后面跟从句，介词短语或不定式。例如：
He looked behind him to make sure he was not being followed.
他回头看看以确定没人跟踪他。
Have you made sure that the train has not left? 你确信火车还没离开吗？
Let’s make sure of the house before we buy it. 在买这栋房子之前，咱们再查看一下吧。
Make sure to turn off the lights before you go out. 一定要在出门前把灯关掉。
Have you made sure of the time of the plane? 飞机起飞的时间搞清楚了吗？
7．They love having lots of friends, so do those with disabities.
他们喜欢广交朋友，残疾人也一样。
“So do those with disabilities”是一种倒装结构，用so时表示“也”，而用nor/neither这一例装结构时，表示“也不”。例如：
──I like, sports. 我喜欢运动。
──So do I. 我也喜欢。
──I’ve never been to Shenzhen. 我从未去过深圳。
──Neither have I. 我也从未去过。
──She isn’t going to the movie. 她不打算去看这个电影。
──Neither is her brother. 她的弟弟也不去。
8．Though we are all different, we need never be separate.
虽然我们有着各种差异，但是决没有必要分开。
a）need在句中作情态动词，后面跟动词原形，意思是“需要”，“必须”，“有必要”，通常用于否定句中。例如：
You needn’t tell him about it. 你没必要把这件事告诉他。
We needn’t discuss it further. 我们不必进一步讨论这事儿了。
You needn’t hurry. It’s still early. 不必着急，还早着呢！
need作为情态动词时，也常用于问句中。例如：
──Need he do it at once? 他必须马上就干吗？
──No, he needn’t. 不，不必。
Why need you go today? 你为什么必须今天去呢？
b）need也可以作及物动词，意为“需要”，后面常跟名词（代词），不定式及~ing形式。例如：
They’re certain to need help. 他们肯定需要帮助。
It’s a question that needs very careful consideration. 这是一个需要仔细考虑的问题。
You look tired. You need a rest. 你看不去很累，需要休息。
They didn’t need to arrive so early. 他们不必要来那么早。
I need to get away and rest up a little. 我需要离开稍作休息。
Does she need to know when we’ll start? 他需要了解我们什么时候动身吗？
Your bike needs repairing. 你的自行车需要修理了。
c）need还可以作名词，这时为不可数名词，意为“需要”，“必要（性）”，例如：
There is no need to worry at all. 根本没必要担心。
We have no need of your advice. 我们不需要你的建议。
当need用作名词时，常用于词组“in need of”之中，作“需要”解。例如：
He was hurt and in need of help. 他受了伤而且需要帮助。
He was not in need of money. 他不需要钱。
They are in great need of doctors and nurses. 他们极需医生和护士。
Grammar（语法） Inversion（倒装）
在本单元中出现了这样的句子，“In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor”。在英国一所大学的报告厅里，坐着一位教授。
这是一个由介词短语方位状语引起的倒装句，这类的倒装句要注意以下几点：
a）句前必须是方位副词或方位介词短语；
b）动词常常是表示存在和位置移动的动词；
c）倒装的方法是动词全部放在主语之前，而不用助动词，这种倒装称为“全倒装”。例如：
In front of our classroom stands a tall tree. 我们教室前面有一棵大树。
Along the dusty road come a group of visitors. 路上来了一行游人。

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