新目标8年级下Unit6语言知识点讲解(新目标版八年级英语下册教案教学设计)
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Unit 6 Hong long have you been collecting shells
教学资料总汇
悠着逛整理
本周教学内容：
一、学习目标：
1. 了解并掌握现在完成进行时的构成和用法；
2. 了解现在完成进行时与现在完成时、现在进行时以及一般过去时的意义和用法的区别。
3. 一些词的用法。
二、学习重点难点：
1. 现在完成进行时（Present Perfect Progressing Tense）由have/has＋been＋动词的现在分词（即动词的ing形式）构成，表示动作从过去的某个时刻开始，继续到现在，可能继续下午，也可能刚刚结束。
例如：
I’ve been writing letters for an hour (and I’ve still got some more to do).
I’ve been sitting in the garden (and have just come indoors).
上述第一例说明动作还将继续下去，第二例说明动作在说话时刻之前刚刚结束。
2. 现在完成进行时与现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）有时可以互相交换使用，含义没有什么差别。
例如：
We’ve been living here for ten years.
We’ve lived here for ten years.
这两句话都表示“我们已经在这里居住了十年了”。
注意：在表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”这个概念时，现在完成时多用于口语。在含义上如果着重动作的结果时，多用现在完成时；如果着重动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性或者动作仍然继续下去时，由于现在完成进行时还带有进行时的持续性、暂时性和未完成性，这时宜采用现在完成进行时，而且不能与现在完成时交换使用。
例如：
Who’s been eating my dinner?
Who’s eaten my dinner?
前一例的含义是“还剩下一些”，后一例则表示“全吃光了”，含义不同。
又例如：
I have read this book.
I’ve been reading this book.
前一例表示“我读过这本书”，后一例表示“我一直在读这本书”。
3. 现在完成进行时，以及现在完成时，不论其动作或状态在说话时已经完成还是延续到说话时刻并可能继续下去，都与现在时间有联系。如果与现在时间没有联系，那就要用一般过去时（Simple Past Tense）或过去进行时（Past Progressing Tense）。
例如：
His sister has been a writer all her life. （含义是：她现在仍然是一个作家。）
His sister was a writer all her life. （含义是：她现在不再写作了。）
又例如：
He has been living in China for ten years. （含义是：他可能还住在中国，也可能刚刚离开中国。）
He lived in China for ten years. （含义是：他现在已不在中国。）
同样的，如果用了与现在时间没有联系的确定的时间状语，也要用一般过去时或者过去进行时。
例如：
I’ve been all over Africa. 我去过非洲所有的地方。
I went all over Africa in 1965. 我在1965年走遍了非洲。
又例如：
“You look tired.”
-- “Yes, I’ve been working non-stop all day.” 我一整天都不停的在工作。
“You look tired.”
-- “Yes. I was working non-stop until seven o’clock.” 我一直工作到七点。
4. 相对于现在进行时（Present Progressing Tense）来说，现在完成进行时更强调动作对于现在的影响。
例如：
I am sitting here right now.
I have been sitting here for two hours.
前一例的意思是“我现在正坐在这里”，暗含的意思可能是“你不能坐这儿了”；后一例的意思是“我已经在这里坐了两个小时了”，暗含的意思可能是“我坐得很累了”或者“我已经等了很久了”。
5. “for＋一段时间”和“since＋时间点（或者表示过去时间的状语从句）”都可以表示一段时间，常常用于完成时态，表示动作持续了多久。
例如：
She has been learning to play the guitar for three years.
She has been learning to play the guitar since 1996.
She has been learning to play the guitar since she was ten years old.

本周强化练习：
一、用括号中给出的词回答问题。
1. What do you collect? (stamps)_________________________________
2. How long have you been collecting stamps? (two years and a half)
_____________________________________________________________________
3. How many stamps do you have now? (275)
_____________________________________________________________________
4. How long have they been studying English? (ten years old)
_____________________________________________________________________
5. How long has she been playing the piano? (forty-five minutes)
_____________________________________________________________________
6. When did she begin playing the piano? (9 o’clock in the morning)
_____________________________________________________________________
7. How long have you been reading that book? (last week)
_____________________________________________________________________
8. How long has Tim been swimming in the pool? (2 p.m.)
_____________________________________________________________________
9. How long has Lucy been dancing in the room? (one and half hours)
_____________________________________________________________________
10. How long have you been surfing the Internet? (6 hours)
_____________________________________________________________________
二、连词成句。
1. raises, every hour, skate, for, for, they, charity, each, ten yuan, student
_____________________________________________________________________
2. stuffed animals, nine, collecting, she, been, for, has, years
_____________________________________________________________________
3. anyone else, let, if, know, collects, me, you, who, coins, please
_____________________________________________________________________
4. twelve, they, they, baseball, since, have, were, been, play, learning, to
_____________________________________________________________________
5. old, snow globe, I, when, got, was, I, years, first, my, eleven
_____________________________________________________________________
6. long, skating, you, been, how, have
_____________________________________________________________________
7. an, swimming, ago, Fanny, hour, started
_____________________________________________________________________
8. CDs, would, collect, I, to, music, like
_____________________________________________________________________
三、从下面给出的答案中选择最佳答案，填在题前的括号里。
( ) 1. A: You look exhausted!B: Yes. I ______ tennis for two hours.
A. played B. was playing C. have been playing
( ) 2. It ______ for the whole week. It is wet everywhere.
A. is raining B. has been raining C. rained
( ) 3. I ______ the English story book last night.
A. have been reading B. read C. reading
( ) 4. She ______ letters since two o’clock.
A. wrote B. is writing C. has been writing
( ) 5. He ______ since ten o’clock. It is time to wake him up.
A. has been sleeping B. was sleeping C. is sleeping
( ) 6. I ______ a lot in American. I know much about that continent.
A. traveled B. have been traveling C. am traveling
( ) 7. He ______ the whole night. Is there anything wrong with him?
A. has been coughing B. coughed C. is coughing
参考答案：
一、1. I collect stamps.
2. I have been collecting stamps for two years and a half.
3. I have 275 stamps now.
4. They have been studying English since they were ten years old.
5. She has been playing the piano for forty-five minutes.
6. She began playing the piano at 9 o’clock in the morning.
7. I have been reading that book since last week.
8. Tim has been swimming in the pool since 2 p.m.
9. Lucy has been dancing in the room for one and a half hours.
10. I have been surfing the Internet for six hours.
二、1. Each student raises ten yuan for charity for every hour they skate.
2. She has been collecting stuffed animals for nine years.
3. If you know anyone else who collects coins, please let me know.
4. They have been learning to play baseball since they were twelve.
5. I got my first snow globe when I was eleven years old.
6. How long have you been skating?
7. Fanny started swimming an hour ago.
8. I would like to collect music CDs.
三、1. C 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. A
本周教学内容：Review of Unit 6
一些词和词组的用法
1.“for＋时间段”和“since＋时间点（或是时间状语从句）”表示的是一段时间，一般用在完成时态里。如果对这部分提问，应该用疑问词how long（多久）。而when表示“当……时候”，提问的是一个动作的时间点。
例如：
How long have you been playing computer games?
I have been playing computer games since 3 o’clock / for two hours.
When did you begin playing computer games?
I began playing computer games at 3 o’clock.
2.raise 除了表示我们以前学过的“抚养”、“升起”的意思以外，这一课里我们还学习到它表示“筹（款）”“募捐”，它还可以表示“招（兵）”。
例如：
raise a loan 借款
raise a regiment 招募一团兵
3.run out of “用完”“用尽”
例如：
They have run out of ink. 他们墨水用完了。
4.by the way “顺便说一句”
例如：
By the way, do you have any idea where the post office is?
顺便问一下，你知道邮局在哪儿吗？
5.share 作为动词，可以表示“分享”；作为名词，可以表示“股票”、“份额”
例如：
I’ll share the cost with you. 我会跟你分担费用。
He had a large share in bringing it about. 他在促成这件事上出了很大的一份力。
6.go除了可以表示我们所熟知的“去”，还能用来表示“相配” 、“配合”、“起作用”、“行得通”
例如：
This truth goes everywhere. 这个真理到哪里都行得通。
Whatever he says goes. 他说到做到。
Any other night goes, but not this night. 别的任何一个晚上都行，只有今晚不可以。
7.each和every都可以表示“每一”、“每个”，但every更强调全体或全部，each更强调个体或各别。另外，every只能作形容词，each可以作形容词和代词。
例如：
She knows every pupil of the class. 她认识班级里所有的学生。
She knows each pupil of the class. 她认识班级里每一个学生。
另外，在现代英语里，常常用they、their这样的复数代词来指代each、every one。
例如：
Every one has their own dreams.

本周强化练习：
一、根据句意和所给首字母，填写单词。
1.It’s quite dark outside. It’s p_______ 9 o’clock in the evening.
2.There are altogether seven p_______ in this passage.
3.I can s_______ my lunch with you if you forget to bring yours.
4.The cake t_______ sour. It may have gone off.
5.He likes collecting telephone cards. He is a telephone card c_______.
6.I like to travel around the world and try different foods of exotic f_______.
7.Did you n_______ that Miss Green changed her hairstyle?
8.Those peasants live in a small v_______ in the west.
9.Wang Lin speaks English fluently. He sounds like n_______ speaker.
10.You need b_______ and silk to make kites.
二、读下列短文，并根据要求完成文后提出的任务。
香港餐馆简介
A. The Bookworm（书虫） Cafe
If you are visiting Lamma Island（南亚岛）, why not go and relax in a café where you can eat healthy food and read lots of books and magazines? The Bookworm Café near Yong Shue Wan Pier（码头）is a good place. The café serves healthy vegetarian food, salads and sandwiches and also makes its own cakes. One of the most popular cakes is the carrot cake. It is made with nuts, pieces of fruit and carrots, of course. To drink, there are fresh fruit juices. One of the best is a mixture of ginger（姜）, lemon and apple juice. If it’s cold outside and you need warming up, you could always try one of their homemade herb teas. Of course, if you prefer, there is English or Chinese tea. If you’re relaxing on your own, there are lots of magazines and books to read. You can sit there for a couple of course with a herb tea and nobody will trouble you. You can also surf the Net as the café has a computer.
B. Komix Kafe
If you are in Causeway Bay（铜锣湾）and want to eat at a restaurant, surf the Net and read comics（漫画）, look for the Komix Kafe. (Yes, you would have spelt it “Comics Café”, I’m sure!) Customers can use the computers for free and can also look through the comics from Jade Dynasty Publications. The manager says that Komix Kafe is different from other comics cafes; he thinks that it is important to serve really good food. All the dishes have names from the comics, so you should read the explanations! Popular dishes include（包括）chicken wings, and lobster（龙虾）soup. There are also plenty of good desserts. The Baked Alaska is a mixture of cream and egg whites and comes with a burning flame（火焰）on top!
C. Goldfinch（金雀）Restaurant
Some customers are happy that their favorite restaurant never changes. Such a restaurant is the Goldfinch restaurant which first opened its doors nearly 40 years ago. The manager refuses（拒绝）to change the 60s decor（装饰）! “We have customers who started coming here when they were young. Of course we change the lights and wallpapers from time to time, but only when necessary. It’s not just old people who visit the restaurant. Lots of young people come here too, including teenagers. They come in for a pepper steak（辣椒牛排）or a pork chop（猪排）. They say that they like the prices too.” The restaurant serves steaks and chops and sizzling platters（铁板烧的菜）. The large servings mean that their customers never leave hungry, and don’t return for more until they are hungry again!
1. 你的朋友要做以下几件事情，请你帮他在上述三家餐馆挑选，哪些餐馆最适合做这些事，请在表格里划勾。
A B C
Where would you go
1) ---- for a birthday meal?
2) ---- for a light lunch?
3) ---- to email a friend in another country?
4) ---- while out of town for the day？
2. 下面有些文中单词或词语的解释，请你从上述三个文段中找出与之意思相同的词或词语。
1) your hand and feet are cold (Text A) ________________________________
2) people will not ask you to leave (Text A) ____________________________
3) started its business (Text C) _______________________________________
4) the colors and furniture (Text C) ___________________________________
5) they think the restaurant isn’t expensive (Text C) _________________

参考答案：
一、1. probably
2. paragraphs
3. share
4. tastes
5. collector
6. flavors
7. notice
8. village
9. native
10. bamboo
二、1. 1) B.C
2) A.B
3) A.B
4) A
2. 1) you need warming up
2) nobody will trouble you
3) first opened its doors
4) the decor
5) they like the prices
现在我们来轻松一下欣赏一首歌。这首歌的名字是Where Have all the Flowers Gone，它由Earth Wind And Fire、The Brothers Four以及台湾女歌手齐豫等人唱过。仔细的听一听它的歌词和旋律，相信你能够歌曲中所诉说的战争给人们带来的伤害。
你可以点击下面的地址链接下载这首歌，或者在www.sogua.com中输入gone进行模糊查询来搜索这首歌。
http://chw.csie.nctu.edu.tw/interest/music/duet/where_have_all_the_flowers_gone.mp3
Where Have all the Flowers Gone
Where have all the flowers gone
Long time passing?
Where have all the flowers gone
Long time ago?
Where have all the flowers gone?
Gone to young girls, every one!
When will they ever learn?
When will they ever learn?
Where have all the young girls gone
Long time passing?
Where have all the young girls gone
Long time ago?
Where have all the young girls gone?
Gone to young men, every one!
When will they ever learn?
When will they ever learn?
Where have all the young men gone
Long time passing?
Where have all the young men gone
Long time ago?
Where have all the young men gone?
Gone to soldiers, every one!
When will they ever learn?
When will they ever learn?
And where have all the soldiers gone
Long time passing?
Where have all the soldiers gone
Long time ago?
Where have all the soldiers gone?
Gone to graveyards, every one!
When will they ever learn?
When will they ever learn?
And where have all the graveyards gone
Long time passing?
Where have all the graveyards gone
Long time ago?
Where have all the graveyards gone?
Gone to flowers, every one!
When will they ever learn?
Oh when will they ever learn?
词汇小结：
Title How long have you been collecting shells?
Topic Hobbies
Functions Talk about how long you have been doing things
Structures Present perfect progressive
Simple past tense
Present progressive tense
Target language How long have you been skating?
I’ve been skating since nine o’clock.
When did you start skating?
I started skating at nine o’clock.
Students are skating at the Hilltop School.
Vocabulary inline skating, marathon, skate, stamp, shell, snow globe, pair since, collecting
Recycling last year
times
numbers
How long …
student, school, birthday, penguin, hobby, kite
Learning Strategies Inducing
cooperating
Ⅰ．Words and Expressions:
(n. 名词 adj. 形容词 adv. 副词 v. 动词 prep. 介词 )
单词/短语 词性 词义 讲解与例句
collect v. 收集；搜集 Do you like collecting stamps?
你喜欢集邮吗？
shell n. 贝壳 How long have you been collecting shells?
你收集贝壳有多久了？
skate v. 滑冰 He loves roller skating.
他喜爱穿四轮滑冰鞋滑冰。
inline adj. 一列式的 inline skating 纵列式滑冰
marathon n. 马拉松赛 a swimming marathon. 长距离游泳
raise v. 募集；筹措 raise funds 筹集资金
monster n. 怪物；怪兽 a sea monster 海怪
The pumpkin is a real monster.
这南瓜可真大。
probably v. 或许；大概 It will probably rain. 天很可能要下雨了。
--Will it rain this afternoon?
-- Probably not.
—今天下午下雨吗? —大概不会。
run out of 用尽；缺乏 Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon.
他们虽然已经水尽粮绝,但情绪都很好,并且深信他们很快就会出来的。
store v. 储存；存放 The shed will store 30 tons of coal.
这个棚子能容纳30吨煤。
room n. 空间 There's no room for move.
没有挪动的空间。
This desk takes up a lot of room.
这张课桌很占地方
particularly adv. 特别地；显著地 It is particularly hot today. 今天特别热。
He isn't particularly clever but industrious.
"他并不特别聪明,但很勤奋。"
polar adj. 近极点的 polar bear 北极熊
Love and hatred are polar feelings.
爱与恨是完全相反的感情。
anyone pron. 任何人 Anyone can use the library here.
在这儿任何人都可以用图书馆。
by the way 顺便说一句 By the way, what happened to the money?
顺便问一句，那笔钱后来怎么样了？
bamboo n. 竹子 a bamboo chair 竹椅
common adj. 共同的；常见的 a common cup 公用杯子
Snow is common in cold countries.
在寒冷的国家雪是常见的。
free adj. 无拘束的；自由的 The prisoner wished to be free again.
囚犯希望重新获得自由。
topic n. 话题；题目 It is a good topic for a composition.
这是个好作文题目。
be interested in 对… …感兴趣 Are you interested in music?
你对音乐感兴趣吗？
I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!
我只是对独坐孤舟无所事事感兴趣。
Words from the reading
单词/短语 词性 词义 讲解与例句
paragraph n. （文章的）段；节 Read from book, starting at the second paragraph. 念书，从第二段开始。
share v. 分享；共用 We shared the sweets.
我们分吃了糖果。
They share their joys and sorrows.
他们同甘共苦。
Bill and Bob shared the work equally between them.
比尔和鲍勃两人把工作平分了。
taste v. 品尝；尝起来 Can I taste your drink?
我可以尝一尝你的饮料吗？
This tea tastes sweet. 这茶的味道很香。
teach v. 教；教授 Who taught you to ride a bicycle?
谁教你骑自行车的？
He has been teaching four hours already this morning.
今天上午他已经教了四个小时的课。
recently adv. 最近地 Things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet.近来情况变得如此糟糕,以致他决定节食了。
notice n. 注意到；看到 It attracts one's notice. 它惹人注目。
The notice on the door said that the library was closed.
门上的通知说图书馆关门了。
Can you be ready at short notice?
你能一接到通知马上就准备好吗？
combination n. 合并；组合 His character is a combination of strength and kindness. 他的性格是刚与柔的结合。
After the general election, a combination of parties formed the new government.
大选后,各政党联合组成了新政府。
flavor n. 味道；风味 This cake has an unusual flavor.
这个蛋糕有一种不寻常的味道。
You may choose anyone from the six popular flavors of ice cream!
你可以在受欢迎的六种味道的冰淇淋中任意挑选一种!
do one’s best 尽力 He didn’t pass the test, but he had done his best. 虽然没通过考试，可他尽力了。
polite adj. 有礼貌的；文雅的 You should be polite to everyone.
你应该对每个人都有礼貌。
describe v. 描述；描绘 I will describe you. 我来把你描述一番。
Words cannot describe the beauty of the scene. 语言难以描述出这景色的幽美。
He described himself as a doctor.
他自称是医生。
native adj. 当地的；当地人的 His native language is Chinese.
他的母语是汉语。
exactly adv. 正确地；完全地 The train arrived at exactly 8 o'clock.
火车八点整到达。
Tell me exactly where Mary lives.
请确切告诉我玛丽住在那里。
It is exactly four o'clock, not one minute more nor one minute less.
正好是四点，一分钟不多，一分钟也不少。
‘We need a drink.’ ‘Exactly! Let's have one.’ “我们应该喝酒。”“说得对！让我们来喝一杯。”
Ⅱ．Sentences and Phrases (句型与词组)
Grammar Focus
How long have you been skating?
I’ve been skating since nice o’clock.
I’ve been skating for five hours.
How long did you skate? I skated for two hours.
重点：
现在完成进行时由 have/has been + -ing 分词构成。它的主要用法与现在完成时的“未完成”用法相仿。例如：
We’ve been living here for ten years.
We’ve lived here for ten years.
但是，由于现在完成进行时还带有进行时的持续性，暂时性和未完成性的含义，有时就不可以与现在完成时互换使用。比较：
Who’s been eating my dinner?
Who’s eaten my dinner?
前一例的含义是“还有些剩下”，后一例则表示“全给吃光了”，含义不同。
无论是现在完成时还是现在完成进行时都与现在时间有联系。如果与现在时间没有联系，那就要用一般过去时。
例如：
He has lived in China for ten years.
(含义是：他可能还住在中国，也可能刚刚离开中国。)
He lived in China for ten years. (含义是：他现在已不在中国。)
Sentences from the passage (重点句讲解)
◆I’m talking to you from the Hilltop School skating Marathon, where
students are skating to raise money for charity.
我在Hilltop学校滑冰马拉松赛现场和你们说话，这儿有很多学生在滑冰，为了给慈善机构筹款。
raise 的用法：
1) v. 抬高；举起
He raised his arms above his head. 他把手臂举过头顶。
I will not raise a hand against you. 我不会做任何不利于你的事。
2) v. 提高；增加
to raise salaries 提高工资
3) v. 征集, 筹集(款)
raise funds 筹集资金
◆Zhang Li was the first one to start, and has been skating for the whole
eight hours.
张莉是第一个开始滑冰的，她已经滑了整整八个小时了。
the first one to do sth.
He’s always the first to get to school. 他总是第一个到校。
the last one to do sth.
He’s always the last one to hand in his homework.
他总是最后一个交作业。
whole 的用法：
1) adj. 整个的；全部的
They told me the whole story. 他们给我讲了整个的故事。
the whole truth 全部真相
2) n. 整体；全部
the whole of that area 整个那个地区
He put the whole of his money into the bank.
他把所有的钱都存进了银行。
3) on the whole 总的来说；从总体上看
The weather this month has been good on the whole.
这个月的天气基本上是好的。
◆My mom says I have to stop, because we’ve run out of room to store them.
妈妈说我必须停止，因为家里已经没地方放了。
run的用法：
1) v. 跑；奔
He ran across the road. 他跑过马路。
2) v. 迅速移动；迅速行驶
He ran his eyes down the list. 他的眼睛迅速地在名单上扫了一下。
The car ran down the hill. 汽车迅速驶下山岗。
3) （机器）转动，运转
The engine runs well. 发动机运转良好。
This machine is not running correctly. 这台机器运转得不正常。
4) 控制，主持（团体、组织）
run a school 办一所学校
和run有关的短语：
1) run across 偶然遇到
2)run after 追逐，追踪
3)run away（常与from连用）逃走，逃脱;逃避，躲开
4)run down（用车）撞倒 ; 追寻；追获
to run down a criminal 追缉一名罪犯
5) run out （常与of连用）用光；耗尽
◆I even have them stored in boxes under my bed.
我甚至把他们搁在盒子里，放在床下。
have sth. done
e.g.
Yesterday I had my hair cut. 昨天我理发了。
I had my bike repaired. 我修了自行车。
◆A friend from England wrote me recently. She said she had been to a restaurant.
从英格兰来的一个朋友最近写信给我。她说她去了一家饭馆。
have gone to … 去了某地 (还没有回来)
have been to … 去过某地 (已经回来了)
e.g.
-- Where’s Peter? I haven’t seen him for several days.
-- He has gone to France. (还没回来)
-- Where were you just now?
-- I have been to the hospital. (已经回来了)
◆They wanted to share each dish. If we had been in China, we could have done so, but in England it isn’t polite to eat from each other’s plate. Also different flavors may not go well together.
他们想分享每一碟菜。如果是在中国的话，我们可以这么做，可是在英格兰从对方碟子里夹菜是不礼貌的。还有，不同的菜搁在一起，可能会变味。
和go 有关的短语：
1) go down 下降；下沉；坠落；降价
Meat and eggs are going down in price. 肉蛋的价格正在下跌。
The grain crop has gone down this year. 今年的粮食作物产量下降了。
2) go far 成功；成名
The young man will go far (in his job). 这个青年将来会有成就。
3) go on 发生
What's going on here? 这里发生了什么事？
The computer has gone on the fritz. 电脑出了毛病。
4) go out 出走，离开
What a pleasant weather. Why not go out for a walk?
天气多好啊,为什么不出去散散步?
5) go over 视察；查看
We went over the building. 我们查看了这座大楼。
6) 经历；经受；遭到
to go through two stages 经历两个阶段
These countries have gone / been through too many wars.
这些国家饱经战火。
◆My English friends think that I now prefer the Chinese way of eating. They say that I am “going native”. Perhaps they are right!
我英国的朋友认为现在我更喜欢中国的吃法。他们说我“入乡随俗”了。也许他们说的对。
prefer 的用法：
prefer ... rather than 宁愿[愿意]...而不愿
prefer ...to 喜欢...而不喜欢; 喜欢... 胜过...
e.g.
Do you prefer coffee or tea? 你喜欢咖啡还是茶?
Their teacher prefers doing to talking. 他们的老师喜欢做而不喜欢说。
Those soldiers prefer to die rather than surrender. 那些士兵宁死不屈。

【同步达纲练习】
Ⅰ．单项选择。
( ) 1. He prefers ___ rather than ___ the bus.
A. walk, take B. to walk, to take
C. to walk, take D. walk, to take
( ) 2. They have ___ many difficulties these years.
A. gone over B. gone on C. gone out D. gone through
( ) 3. Peter ___ his middle school teacher in the street yesterday.
A. ran after B. ran away C. ran out D. ran across
( ) 4. We have ___ of food and drink. What shall we do?
A. run after B. run away C. run out D. run across
( ) 5. Tony told me the ___ story.
A. all B. one C. whole D. both
( ) 6. They are here to ___ funds for the charity.
A. raise B. rise C. get D. want
( ) 7. Can you be ready at short ___?
A. attention B. message C. notice D. information
( ) 8. When John got up this morning, it ___.
A. is raining B. rains C. rained D. was raining
( ) 9. There ___ another English evening next Sunday.
A. are going to be B. was going to be
C. is going to be D. were going to be
( ) 10. Do you know what ___ this time yesterday?
A. they are doing B. were they doing
C. they were doing D. are they doing
( ) 11. What ___ yesterday evening?
A. happened to you B. did you happen
C. did happened to you D. you happened
( ) 12. When I come back, Peter ___ to Beijing already.
A. have gone B. has gone C. went D. has been
( ) 13. He ___ ill for three months.
A. was B. is C. had been D. has been
( ) 14. Mr. Black is not in. What ___ now?
A. do we do B. we will do
C. shall we do D. are we going do
( ) 15. My brother ___ to London twice.
A. has gone B. has been C. went D. goes
Ⅱ．用所给词的正确形式填空。
1．It is ________ today. ( sun )
2．Look at these ________. ( cloud )
3．Playing on the thin ice is ________. ( danger )
4．The ________ ( wind ) is ________ strongly. ( blow )
5．The question isn’t hard. I can answer it ________. ( easy )
6．September 10th is ________ Day. ( teach )
7．The man liked living there. Because it was usually very ________. ( quietly )
8．Mother always tells me to be ________ when I cross the street. ( care )
9．Look! The children are playing ________. ( happy )
10．Be ________! We must walk ________. ( quick )
Ⅲ．阅读理解。
( A )
Have you ever thought of going on a TV quiz show? The games are played for a laugh, but the prizes can be really great: cars, TVs, videos, and exciting trips. Of course, being a game contestant is not for everyone. Fear of the camera is a common worry, and generally shyness is another. But some people may be keen on game shows. Christine Patterson from a leading independence production company has some advice.
“Contestants need to be quick-witted, fast on the buzzer and not shy about appearing on TV. They can range from 18 to 80.” She believes that “you need to have a reasonable amount of general knowledge and be able to talk freely.”
Many contestants agree that being on a quiz show is addictive. It’s difficult and frightening. But once you’ve done it, you just want to go back and do it again and again.
If you have read this and still think you would like to be a contestant, it show that you are bright not afraid to look silly in from of others. It’s almost certain that you are an eternal optimist. Pessimists may have all the other qualities. They seldom enter game shows, saying, “What’s the point? I wouldn’t win anything.”
Which are you?
一、Multiple choice.
( ) 1. A TV quiz show is usually ___.
A. foolish B. easy C. interesting D. boring
( ) 2. ___ can be a game show contestant.
A. Not everyone B. Everyone C. No one D. Anyone
( ) 3. Game show contestants ___.
A．must have enough general knowledge
B．must be quick on the buzzer
C．mustn’t be afraid of making mistakes
D．all the above
( ) 4. The word “pessimist” means ___.
A．someone who is always full of hope
B．someone who believes the worst will happen
C．someone who is not quick-witted
D．someone who has many qualities
( ) 5. Which is the best title for the passage?
A．TV Quiz Show B. A Contestant
C. Optimists D. Pessimists
二、Fill in the blanks using the underlined words in the passage.
1．The man was too ________ to ask the beautiful girl to dance.
2．A ________ girl leans quickly.
3．My father is _________ on football. He watches every important football math on TV.
4．It is ________ to go out in the rain without an umbrella if you don’t have to.
5．That was the most ________ film of the year.
( B )
Even experts were a little surprised when a man of 62 turned up at a
parachute training school and said he was interested in learning to become a parachutist. They agreed to let him take the course, but only after giving him some tests to prove that he was fit enough.
Mr. Archie Macfarlane finished the course successfully. Everyone was
surprised to see he as so agile and tough.
A few weeks later, when he was ready for his jump, he said to the chief instructor, “I told you a bit of a lie. I ‘m really 75.”
That was six years ago and yesterday Archie Macfarlane made his 18th jump. They gave him the place of honor—first out of the plane—at a weekend meeting for parachutists over 40 years old.
Archie has other hobbies besides parachuting. He also enjoys motorcycling and mountaineering.
Last year he fell while climbing on Snowdon, and had to be saved by helicopter.
His daughter said, “Sometimes I think he ought to stop doing all this. But as my mother says, so long as he is happy, it’s better than being miserable. He tried hang—gliding once and said he thought it was a bit easy.”
Now Archie is thinking of taking up water-- skiing.
( ) 1. Why were experts surprised when they knew Archie Macfarlane wanted to become a parachutist?
A．Because many people of his age could be parachutists.
B．Because some people of his age could be parachutists.
C．Because few people of his age could be parachutists.
D．Because people of any age could be parachutists.
( ) 2. How old was he when he made his 18th jump?
A. 81 B. 75 C. 68 D. 62
( ) 3. Parachuting was ___.
A. an enjoyable and easy sport B. not dangerous at all
C. his only hobby D. one of his hobbies
( ) 4. Archie Macfarlane ___.
A．is good at water—skiing
B．is planning to learn water—skiing
C．has never heard of water—skiing
D．has tried water—skiing many times.
( ) 5. Which statement best describes Archie Macfarlane?
A．He is very old.
B．He likes telling lies.
C．He is very funny.
D．He is old but likes to do exciting and dangerous things.
Ⅳ．完型填空。
One school has a big library. It has many 1 on different subjects. Students can read books and newspapers in the 2 room. They can also borrow books from the library. But they must 3 them on time. If they 4 books, they must pay for them. Miss Yang works in the library. She is very helpful and 5 to the students.
One morning she was 6 at the desk when Han Meimei hurried in. She told Miss Yang that she couldn’t find the library book “Red Star Over China” 7 . At that moment Lucy came into the library with Meimei’s library book. She 8 it in the classroom. Meimei was very 9 . She thanked Lucy and said that she could be more 10 from then on.
( ) 1. A. students B. teachers C. books D. pictures
( ) 2. A. sitting B. reading C. meeting D. waiting
( ) 3. A. borrow B. lend C. give D. return
( ) 4. A. lose B. forget C. leave D. miss
( ) 5. A. strict B. kind C. ready D. free
( ) 6. A. working B. playing C. sleeping D. studying
( ) 7. A. somewhere B. anywhere C. nowhere D. everywhere
( ) 8. A. found B. bought C. looked for D. left
( ) 9. A. angry B. happy C. sorry D. sad
( )10. A. careful B. helpful C. thankful D. beautiful
参考答案（三）
【同步达纲练习】
Ⅰ．单项选择。
1-5 CDDCC 6-10 ACDCC 11-15 ABDCB
Ⅱ．用所给词的正确形式填空。
1. sunny 2. clouds 3. dangerous 4. wind, blowing
5. easily 6. Teacher’s 7. quiet 8. careful
9. happily 10. quick, quickly
Ⅲ．阅读理解。
( A ) 一、CADBB
二、1. shy 2. bright 3. keen 4. silly 5. exciting
( B ) CADBD
Ⅳ．完型填空。
1-5 CBDAB 6-10 ABABA
Hong long have you been collecting shells（A）
　　●作业导航
　　掌握本单元的基础知识：
　　1．现在完成进行时的用法。
　　2．学会谈论一件事情干了多长时间。
　　Ⅰ．Complete the following words we’ve learned in this unit. 根据本单元所学词汇，补全下列单词。
　　_oll_ _t　　　　　　　 sh_ll
　　s_ve_al　　　　　　 p_lar
　　b_mb_ _　　　　　　 c_mm_n
　　d_scr_be　　　　　　 p_l_te
　　_il_age　　　　　　 p_ _ti_ul_ _ly
　　Ⅱ．Look at the following pictures and complete the dialogue. 看图，完成下列对话。

　　1．A: Hi, there. When did you start _____________?
　　B: At nine o’clock.
　　A: So you’ve _____________ skating for …
　　B: I’ve been skating for five hours.
　　A: Your fee will _____________ ten yuan.

　　2．A. When _____________ you start studying English?
　　B: In 1997.
　　A: So you have been _____________English since 1997.
　　B: Yes. I have been studying _____________ for seven years.

　　3．A: What do you _____________ ?
　　B: I collect _____________.
　　A: How long have you been _____________ stamps?
　　B: I have been collecting stamps _____________ I was a child.
　　A: You are great.
　　B: Thank you.
　　Ⅲ．Match the words with the pictures. 将词与图画搭配起来。
　　1．pair______________　　2．polite________________
　　3．teach_____________
　　4．collector___________　　5．inline_________________
　
　　Ⅳ．Complete the sentence with the correct verb or time phrase. 选词填空。
　　will he be/have you been/since he was three/did you/have you/three years ago
　　1．Lukas started collecting_____________.
　　2．How long _____________collected records?
　　3．How long _____________buying early Elvis albums?
　　4．Mark’s been collecting _____________.
　　5．By the way, _____________start guitar lessons?
　　Ⅴ．Match the responses with the questions. Select the best match. 把问题和答语连接起来。
Responses　　　　　　Match
　　1．She collects sea shells.
　　2．Because she loves the pretty colors.
　　3．She’s been collecting for three years.
　　4．Yes, she would.
　　5．She’d like to collect rare stamps.
Questions
　　(a) Would she like to collect anything else?
　　(b) Does Gabriella have a hobby now?
　　(c) What else would she like to collect?
　　(d) Why does she do it?
　　(e) How long has she been collecting?
　　Ⅵ．Look at the pictures and complete the article. 看图完成下列短文。

　　Meals are more important than just eating food. They are social occasions and are sometimes business occasions as w________. It is d _________to know how to deal w___________ every food but a good tip is to f___________ your host. In a formal western meal, it might be uncommon to have a variety of forks and spoons beside the plate. If you are not sure, simple wait until someone else starts and follow their e__________. H________, sometimes this is not the best a________. Once, the King of England had a dinner party for twenty g__________. After the meal, c__________ was served at the table. The King took his coffee cup off the saucer and his twenty guests followed his example. He then poured some cream into the saucer and his guests did the same. However, he then put the saucer on the floor…he was merely giving a treat for his d_____________.
　　　　　
参考答案
　　Ⅰ．(略)
　　Ⅱ．1．skating, been, reach
　　2．did, studying, English
　　3．collect, stamps, collecting, since
　　Ⅲ．1．B　2．D　3．C　4．A　5．E
　　Ⅳ．1．three years ago
　　2．have you
　　3．have you been
　　4．since he was three
　　5．did you
　　Ⅴ．1．(c)　2．(d)　3．(e)　4．(a)　5．(b)
　　Ⅵ．well, difficult, with, follow, example, However, advice, guests, coffee, dog
How long have you been collecting shells?（B）
　　Ⅰ．Words.
　　1．His hobby is _____ _____(收集) stamps.
　　2．Mr Liu _____ _____ _____(对……感兴趣) making kites.
　　3．I’ll _____ _____ _____(尽力) to help you with your English.
　　4．He _____ _____ _____(用尽) his strength to save the boy out of the water.
　　5．Let’s _____ (共用) my umbrella if you don’t bring yours.
　　Ⅱ．Choose the best answer.
　　1．He has worked in the factory _____ five years ago.
　　A. for　　　　　　 B. at
　　C. since　　　　　 D. about
　　2．The teacher told me the students _____ to see a new film yesterday.
　　A. have been to　　　　　 B. have gone to
　　C. will go　　　　　　 D. went
　　3．The man lost his money. But he _____ about it.
　　A. not try to worry　　　　　　 B. tried not to worry
　　C. don’t try to worry　　　　　　 D. tried to not worry
　　4．Do you still remember _____?
　　A. that he said　　　　　　 B. what he said
　　C. did he say that　　　　　　 D. what did he say
　　5．We can’t live _____ air or water.
　　A. with　　　　　　 B. no
　　C. haven’t　　　　　　 D. without
　　Ⅲ．Fill in the blanks with the correct tenses of the verbs in the brackets.
　　1．—I _____ (buy) a beautiful pen.
　　　 —When _____ you _____ (buy) it?
　　2．He _____( not post) the letter for me? It is still on his desk.
　　3．While the Reads _____ (have) supper, the bell rang.
　　4．He _____ (fall) off the bike last week, so he _____ (feel) terrible.
　　5．He _____ (ride) his bike this time yesterday.
　　6．He _____ (look for) his lost brother these years.
　　7．—What have you done with the apples?
　　　 —We have just _____ (eat) them.
　　Ⅳ．Choose the best answer to complete the dialogue.
　　Li Fang: Hi, Wang Hai! It’s a long time since we met last. (1)_____
　　Wang Hai: I’ve been to Kunming with my friends.
　　Li: (2) _____
　　Wang: Yes, of course. And we saw many kinds of flowers there. (3) _____
　　Li: Did you meet any foreign visitors?
　　Wang: Yes, a lot. And I talked with some of them.
　　Li: (4) _____
　　Wang: They said we were very friendly.
　　Li: (5) _____
　　Wang: The delicious food and the places of interest.
　　A. What did they say about Chinese people?
　　B. You’ve just come back, haven’t you?
　　C. Did you have a good journey?
　　D. What did they like best about China?
　　E. Where have you been?
　　F. There were many foreigners, too.
　　G. All of them were very beautiful.
　　Ⅴ. Choose the best answer after reading the ad.
　　Welcome to the zoo
　　Days Open: Monday to Friday　 Fees:
　　10: 00 am~6: 00 pm　　　　　　 Adults: ＄8.00
　　Saturday to Sunday　　　　　　 Ages 8~14: ＄3.00
　　8: 00 am~8: 00 pm　　　　　　 Ages 15~18: ＄6.00
　　　　　　　　 Under 8: Free
　　Try our Train Ride for ＄2.00 per person!
　　1．The zoo opens _____ days a week.
　　A. one　　　　　　 B. two
　　C. five　　　　　　 D. seven
　　2．If you are 13 years old, how much do you pay to go to the zoo?
　　A. ＄3　　　　　　 B. ＄6
　　C. ＄8　　　　　　 D. Free
　　3．Kate is 12, and his little sister is 6, they have to pay _____ to go to the zoo.
　　A. ＄9　　　　　　 B. ＄11
　　C. ＄6　　　　　　 D. ＄3
　　4．On Sunday, the zoo opens at _____.
　　A. 10: 00 in the morning　　　　　　 B. 8: 00 in the morning
　　C. 6: 00 in the afternoon　　　　　　 D. 8: 00 in the afternoon
参考答案
　　Ⅰ．1．to collect　2．is interested in　3．do/try my best　4．ran out of　5．share
　　Ⅱ．1~5 CDBBD
　　Ⅲ．1．have bought; did, buy　2．hasn’t posted　3．was having　4．fell; felt　
　　5．was riding　6．has been looking for　7．eaten
　　Ⅳ．1~5 ECGAD
　　Ⅴ．1~4 DADB
How long have you been collecting shells? （C）
　　Ⅰ．Words.
　　1．I’ll do my _____(well) to learn English well.
　　2．He has saved a lot of people’s _____(life)since he became a doctor.
　　3．The dog has been _____(die)for two hours.
　　4．What does Mr King say about _____(travel)to China?
　　5．We _____(shall)listen to the teacher carefully in class.
　　Ⅱ．Choose the best answer.
　　1．Tom _____ the exam, reaching the top of place in most subjects.
　　A. was good at　 　　　　　 B. did well in
　　C. failed　　　　　　 D. was weak on
　　2．The worker has lived here for twenty years.
　　A. since twenty years ago　　　 　　　 B. since he came here
　　C. twenty years ago　　　　　　 D. twenty years before
　　3．It’s raining heavily. Who’s _____ my umbrella?
　　A. brought　　　　　　 B. got
　　C. taken　　　　　　 D. carried
　　4．Mr Wang isn’t here. I hear _____ Beijing.
　　A. that he has gone to　　　　　　 B. that he has been to
　　C. he went　　　　　　 D. he will go
　　Ⅲ．Complete the dialogue.
　　Tim: Hi, Ann! Are you going to school?
　　Ann: Hi, Tim! I’m going to the post office. I _____ (send) a letter to Bob.
　　Tim: _____ you _____ (hear) from him lately?
　　Ann: Yes, I _____ (get) a letter from him the day before yesterday.
　　Tim: How is he getting on?
　　Ann: Very well. He’s been traveling. He _____ (be) to France, Germany and Spain.
　　Tim: How lucky he is! Where is he now?
　　Ann: He _____ (go) to England.
　　Tim: _____ he _____ (be) there before?
　　Ann: Yes. His mother is from London. He _____ (be) born there.
　　Tim: I see. I _____ (hear) London is very beautiful. I _____ (go) there on holiday with my family soon.
　　Ann: Really? I hope you _____ (enjoy) your trip.
　　Ⅵ. Reading.
　　Chemists have been studying why people cry. They say the body produces two kinds of tears. One kind cleans out the eye if it gets dirt in it. But when people cry because of their feelings, these tears have poisonous chemicals in them. The body is getting rid of chemicals produced by strong feelings.
　　In the United States men have hearts diseases more often than women do. Doctors say heart disease and some other diseases have something to do with the pressure. Perhaps men suffer more from these diseases because they do not cry enough. And it is possible that as more and more women work outside their home, they will also suffer from more pressures. Then everyone will need to cry more.
　　1．Chemists are trying to understand _____.
　　A. how many kinds of tears the body makes
　　B. why people cry
　　C. the diseases in a modern society
　　D. why men have heart diseases more than women
　　2．What is happening now? (　)
　　A. More women are now working outside their homes.
　　B. More men than women are now crying.
　　C. The poison found in the tears is killing more and more people.
　　D. Heart diseases are on the rise.
　　3．Why do people cry? (　)
　　A. They can get rid of the poison produced by strong feelings.
　　B. For no reason at all.
　　C. They cry when someone they know dies from a heart disease.
　　D. People cry because they have to work outside their homes.
　　4．Heart disease and other diseases have something to do with _____.
　　A. chemicals　　　　　 B. crying
　　C. pressure　　　　　　 D. tears
　　5．Men have heart disease more often than women because _____.
　　A. there’s something special in the man’s body
　　B. men suffer more from their work than women do
　　C. men have to work outside their homes
　　D. there’s no poison in women’s tears
参考答案
　　Ⅰ．1．best　2．lives　3．dead　4．traveling　5．should
　　Ⅱ．1~4 BACA
　　Ⅲ．am going to send; Have, heard; got; has been; has gone; Has, been; was; hear; am
going; will enjoy
　　Ⅳ．1~5 BDACB
Hong long have you been collecting shells（D）
　　Ⅰ．Choose the correct answers. 单项选择填空。
　　1．The students camped _____________the whole summer vacation.
　　A. in　　　　　　　　 B. on
　　C. for　　　　　　 D. during
　　2．It is two years _____________ we came here.
　　A. for　　　　　　 B. since
　　C. in　　　　　　 D. at
　　3．He handed me _____________ trousers.
　　A. a new set of B. a new pair of
　　C. a piece of new D. a pair of new
　　4．We have _____________ wine of Scotland. Ask Mrs. Jones to lend us some.
　　A. run off B. run away with
　　C. run down D. run out of
　　5．There is no _____________for you.
　　A. room　　　　　　 B. rooms
　　C. sit　　　　　　 D. space
　　6．His work is better than _____________ in the class.
　　A. anyone’s else　　　　　　 B. anyone else’s
　　C. anyone else　　　　　　 D. anyone’s else’s
　　7．_____________ the way, have you seen John lately?
　　A. On　　　　　　 B. In
　　C. By　　　　　　 D. To
　　8．I really don’t know he is not _____________ in this.
　　A. interest　　　　　　 B. interested
　　C. interesting　　　　　　 D. interested
　　9．This is the best _____________ to learn English.
　　A. way　　　　　　 B. road
　　C. journey　　　　　　 D. trip
　　10．We’ll do _____________ best to do the work.
　　A. my　　　　　　 B. I
　　C. our　　　　　 D. we
　　11．These color don’t _____________.
　　A. get together　　　　　　 B. go together
　　C. work together　　　　　　 D. all together
　　12．The three travelers were all tired after a few days of non-stop riding on horseback, so they found a village _____________ they decided to stay there for the night.
　　A. theatre　　　　　　 B. cafe
　　C. hospital　　　　　　 D. inn
　　13．This is a story that has a _____________of the sea.
　　A. attitude　　　　　　 B. sight
　　C. flavor　　　　　　 D. flavors
　　14．I _____________ him before. But my friends _____________ him two days ago.
　　A. didn’t meet; met B. haven’t; met
　　C. don’t meet; meet D. hadn’t; meet
　　15．How long have you been _____________ stamps?
　　A. collecting　　　　　　 B. collected
　　C. to collect　　　　　　　 D. writing
　　Ⅱ．Study the word groups. One doesn’t belong. Choose the word that doesn’t fit in the group. 选出不符合本组类别的单词。
　　1．_____________　shells, stamps, coins, since, dolls
　　2．_____________　going, skating, dancing, roller blading, skiing
　　3．_____________　marathon, contest, competition, computer, race
　　4．_____________　ago, since, when, months, books
　　5．_____________　beginner, lawyer, player, pro, champion
　　Ⅲ．Form sentences. 组句（注意大小写和标点符号）。
　　1．ten years old, he, be, since, collect kites
　　__________________________________
　　2．the skating marathon, go, for eight hours, now
　　__________________________________
　　3．a snow globe collectors’ club, would like, I, start
　　__________________________________
　　4．how good it is, sometimes, the name and appearance of food, be, important, than
　　__________________________________
　　5．the meal, for one, for many, be, not, but, to enjoy
　　__________________________________
　　Ⅳ．Fill in the blanks according to the first letter given. 短文填空（首字母已给出）。
　　　　
　　American actor Sean Penn had his car and two guns s__________ while he was h _________lunch near the University of California at Berkeley last Friday. Penn, 42, w _________lives north of San Francisco, was d ________a black 1987 Buick Grand National, a collector’s favorite. Penn had permits for the g__________. Later on Sunday, police said that the car was f __________nine miles (14.4 kilometers) from where it was stolen. But they are still s __________for the guns. The police make s_________ that the thief must be a __________. Maybe he thinks the guns are more w__________ collecting than the car.
参考答案
　　Ⅰ．1~5 ABBDA　6~10 BCBAC　11~15 BDCAA
　　Ⅱ．1．since　2．going　3．computer　4．books　5．pro
　　Ⅲ．1．He has been collecting kites since he was ten years old.
　　2．The skating marathon has been going for eight hours now.
　　3．I would like to start a snow globe collectors’ club.
　　4．Sometimes, the name and appearance of food is more important than how good it is.
　　5．The meal is not for one, but for many to enjoy
Ⅳ．stolen, having, who, driving, guns, found, se, sure, collector, worthy
2005年4月26日星期二

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