Module 3 Unit 3 Back to the past(导学学案）(译林牛津版高一英语必修三导学案)
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I: Type of writing and summary
Type of writing This is a text of diary entries.
Main idea of the passage It tells about the students’ cultural expedition to sites of lost civilizations.
Main idea of the 1st diary entry An arrangement about the visit to the lost civilizations.
Main idea of the 2nddiary entry The establish and ruin of Pompei.
Main idea of the 3rd diary entry The visit at the ancient Roman city of Pompei and the history of the ancient city.
Main idea of the 4th diary entry The arrival at Loulan and the history of his once small but wealthy commercial city.
Main idea of the 5th diary entry The discovery of the ruins of Loulan and a brief description of the city.
II:根据课文内容进行选择:
( A )1．How was the buried Pompeii city discovered ?．
A．It was discovered by a farmer who found some stone with writing on it．
B．The Italian archaeologist Guiseppe Fiorelli discovered it． 、
C．It happened to be discovered by some people who were digging for treasures．
D．It was discovered by some American archaeologists．
( B )2．What happened to the bodies of the people in Pompeii?
A．Their bodies were burnt to ash． ．
B．Their bodies had been turned to stone when they had been covered with ash．
C．Their bodies were destroyed by the people who dug for treasures．
D．Their bodies were buried underground． ’
( D )3．What were the stepping stones along the road in Pompeii used for?
A．In order to help people bury treasures under the ground•
B．They were used to help carriages move without difficulty•
C．In order to make the street more beautiful．
D．They were used so that people didn’t have to walk in the mud on rainy days.
( C )4．What kind of city was Loulan in history?
A．It was a small town which produced silk．
B．It was the capital city of China about 2，000 years ago.
C．It was a small wealthy commercial city almost 2，000 years ago.
D．It was a city surrounded by a lot of mountains•
( B )5．How do many people think Loulan disappeared?
A．It was burnt by a big fire．
B．It was gradually covered over by sandstorms.
C．It was destroyed by enemies from foreign countries.
D．It was destroyed by a great earthquake．
( D )6．Why did Ann think the ruins most interesting?
A. Because she saw the city walls,palaces,temples,workshops and towers there．
B. Because there was an ancient water system that ran through the middle of the city.
C．Because she could appreciate a lot of treasures，such as coins，painted pots，silk materials, documents and wall paintings．
D．All of the above．
III: Find the historical information about Pompeii and Loulan.
Pompeii time event
in the 8th century It was founded.
in 89 BC It was taken over by the Romans.
on 24th Aug. AD 79 Mount Vesuvius erupted.
in 1860 Giuseppe Fiorelli was made director of the Pompeii dig.
Loulan 2000 years ago It existed as a commercial city.
from AD 200
to AD 500 It was covered over gradually by sand storms.
100 years ago It was discovered by a Swedish explorer.
IV: Fill in the blanks with proper words.
Both Pompeii in ___Italy__and Loulan in China became _lost civilizations about 2000 years ago. Pompeii was founded in the 8th century BC and was taken over by the Romans in 89BC. On 24th Aug.AD79, Mount Vesuvius erupted and the city were buried alive . Loulan was a stopping point on the Silk Road. It disappeared under the storm There are just a few ruins left. Some treasure , such as coins and painted pots, was found.
V: Language points: “Welcome to the unit”版块
1. Some of them have disappeared, while others remain today．[P41]
其中有些已经消失了，而其他的还保留至今。
remain (1)linking v．to continue to be in the same state or condition
继续，依然 例如：
Would the audience please remain seated? 请观众不要站起来!
The government remained in power for 12 years．该政府执政长达l 2年。
(2)vi．(formal)to stay in the same place without moving away．(正式)停留，留下(后常跟at，in，with等) 例如：
She remained at home to look after the children．她留在家里照顾孩子。
(3)vi．to continue to exist，after others have gone or been destroyed保存，留存 例如：
Little 0f the original architecture remains．原来的建筑保存下来的为数极少。
What remains of the original art collection is now in the city museum.•
原来的艺术收藏品剩下来的现在都在市博物馆里。
(4) to be left after other things have been dealt with遗留，剩余：remain to be done例如：
Several points remain to be settled．还留有几个问题待解决。
引申：remains
①n．剩下的东西(部分)，遗迹：the remains of例如：
He ate the remains of the casserole hungrily．他狼吞虎咽地吃掉剩下的炖菜。
the extensive Roman remains at Arles在阿尔勒的大片古罗马遗迹
②the body of someone who has died遗体 例如：
Her remains are buried in Westminster．她的遗体葬在威斯敏斯特：
2．Do you think it is important to protect cultural heritage? Why or why not? Do you have any suggestions on how to protect it?[P41]你觉得保护文化遗产重要吗?为什么或为什么不?关于保护文化遗产你有些什么建议?
(1)heritage un． (singular)important qualities，customs, and traditions that have been in a society for a long time(重要特性，习俗，传统等)遗产
例如： the cultural heritage of Italy意大利的文化遗产
(2)suggestion cn．an idea，plan，or possibility that someone mentions建议，提议，意见
①have a suggestion on…关于……的建议；make a suggestion提出建议；at sb’s suggestion由于／根据某人的建议；open to suggestions愿意听取意见的，欢迎提建议的 例如： We have had several suggestions on a name for the baby,我们已经得到好几个关于给宝宝取名的建议了。
Can I just make one suggestion about how we might do this?关于如何做此事，我能否提一个建议?
②suggest+that(虚拟语气)
He suggested that we appoint Roger．他提出了我们应任命罗杰的建议。
(3)protect vt．to keep someone or something safe from harm，damage，or illness保护，防护
protect sth维护某物；protect sb／sth from／against保护某人／某物免受…… 例如：
I have to protect my reputation．我必须维护自己的声誉。
Try to protect your skin from the sun。尽量保护皮肤不受太阳晒。
“Reading”版块
1．I am representing Canada．[P42]我代表加拿大。
represent vt．
(1)to speak officially for another person or group of people，giving their opinions and taking actions for them代表(某人，某团体) 例如：
Mr Smith was chosen to represent the company at the conference．
史密斯先生被选为该公司出席会议的代表。
(2)to say or do something that expresses the feelings,opinions etc．of a group of people 体现，表达(某一群人的情感，意见等)例如：
The protesters represented only a small section of public opinion．
抗议者仅表达了一小部分民意。
(3)be represented：to have sent someone from your group t0 a meeting，ceremony etc．作为(某团体)的代表出席例如：
All the local societies and clubs were represented in the parade．
当地所有的社团和俱乐部都有代表参加游行。
相关搭配：represent oneself as：to say that one is something that one is not佯称自己是； represent sb as：to describe someone in a particular way，so that people have a particular opinion of them把某人描写为 例如：
They represented themselves as the party of low taxation．他们佯称自己是主张低税率的党。
Shakespeare represents Richard III as a black．hearted villain．
莎士比亚将理查三世描写成一个心肠狠毒的反派角色。
2. Next week we are flying to China，and going to Loulan，which is known as China’s Pompeii in the desert•[P42]
下周我们飞往中国，去楼兰，这座城市就相当于中国沙漠中的庞培城。
be known as：to also be called something，to have a special name
被称为；以……知名 例如：
Chicago is known as“the windy city”．芝加哥被称为“风城”。
The actor is more known as a writer．这个演员更是以作家的身份而出名。
比较：be known for以某种知识，技能或特征出名；be known to被……所熟知(常接表示人的词汇) 例如：
Einstein was known for his Theory of Relativity．爱因斯坦以他的相对论而出名。
It is known to all that theory comes from practice．众所周知，理论来源于实践。
As is known to all，the earth goes around the sun．众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。
3. The city was founded in the 8th century BC．[P42] 这个城市发现于公元前8世纪。
found vt．
①to start sth such as an organization，company，or city创立(组织或公司)；创建(城市)例如：
Founded in 1935 in Ohio，Alcoholics Anonymous is now a world．wide organization．
嗜酒者互戒协会于1935年在俄亥俄州创立，现在是一个世界性的组织。
②to start sth such as a school or hospital，by providing money for it (提供资金)创办(学校或医院等) 例如：
Eton College was funded by Henry VI in 1440．伊顿公学于1440年由亨利六世创办。
相关搭配：be founded on建立在……的基础上 例如：
The castle is founded on solid rock．这座城堡建立在坚固的岩石上。
Racism is not founded on rational thought，but on fear．种族主义的基础不是理性的思维，而是恐惧。
4. In 89 BC。the R0mans took over Pompeii．[P42] 在公元前89年罗马人接管了庞培。
take over： ①to take control of or responsibility for sth，especially in the place of sb else接手；接管；接任 例如:
Who will take over now that Ewing has resigned?尤因已经辞职,谁将接替他呢?
Allan took over the farm when his father died．艾伦在父亲去世后接管了农场。
②to gain control of a business，a company，etc．，especially by buying shares
接收，接管(企业、公司等，尤指通过购买股份) 例如：
CBS Records was taken over by Sony．哥伦比亚广播公司的唱片公司已经被索尼公司收购。
• 归纳拓展：
take back 收回 take down 拿下，放下;写下，记下take in 接纳，吸收
take off 脱掉（衣服等）, 起飞take on 接受，从事；雇佣 take out 取出；take up 拿起，举起；从事，学习；
(1) I take back what I said.
(2) We will take down the Christmas tree in two weeks’ time.
(3) `Mrs. Robinson is considering taking in students next year.
(4) He took off his hat and bowed politely as he passed.
(5) I will take the work on, but I can’t exactly tell you when I will finish it.
(6) He took out his pen and notebook and began to take notes.
(7) You know I dropped medicine and took up physics.
5. On 24th August AD 79，the volcano erupted and lava，ash and rocks poured out of it onto the surrounding countryside．[P42]
在公元79年8月24日，这座火山爆发了，熔岩、火山灰以及岩石涌到了周围的村庄.
(1)erupt vi． ． ①if a vo1cano empts，it explodes and sends smoke，fire and rock into the sky(火山)爆发，喷发 例如：
The volcano could erupt at any time．这座火山随时可能爆发。
Ash began to erupt from the crater．火山灰开始从火山口喷出。 ?
②if fighting，violence，loud noise etc．erupt，they start suddenly
(搏斗，暴力事件，噪音等)突然发生，爆发 例如：
Gang violence can erupt for no aparent reason．有时没有什么明显的原因也会爆发帮派之间的暴方事件。
比较：erupt into sth突然发生，爆发＆break out爆发
(2)pour
① vt. to make a liquid or a substance such as salt or sand flow out of or into a container灌．，注，倒 pour sth into／out／down 例如：
He poured some water into a glass．他往一只玻璃杯里倒了些水。
②to flow quickly and in large amounts倾泻，大量涌出
相关搭配：pour from／down／out冒出；pour money into大量提供资金；pour cold water over／on向…泼冷水 例如：
Smoke was pouring out of the chimney．那烟囱正冒出浓烟。 ．
Pour millions of do11ars into education．把上百万美元投入到教育中。
pour oil on troubled waters平息风波，调解争端，息事宁人
6. Unfortunately，all the people were buried alive，and so was the city![P42]
不幸的是，所有人都被活埋了，这座城市也一样。
(1)bury：to put someone who has died in a grave埋葬
相关搭配：bury sb in／at把某人埋葬于……；bury oneself in sth专心致志于某事；bury the hatchet消除隔阂(重归于好) 例如：
Gretta wanted to be buffed at St.Peter’s．格里塔希望被安葬在圣彼得公墓。
Since she left，he’s buried himself in his work．自从她走后，他全心扑在工作上。
They have buried the hatchet by understanding each other．互相体谅后他们重归于好了|.
(2) “so+be动词／助动词／情态动词+主语’’这一倒装结构用来表达前面所陈述的博况也适用于另外一人，意为“某某也一样"。例如：
Jennifer likes to listen to music．So do I．詹妮弗喜欢听音乐，我也喜欢。
I have been to the Great Wall，and so has she．我去过长城；她也去过。
使用这一结构应注意以下几点： ’ ． ． 一
①注意结构中and与标点符号的使用。
这一结构是一个完整的倒装句，因此，若前一句用句号，则so应大写第一个字母；若前一句用逗号，则so前须加and，构成并列分句；若前一句用分号，则so不用大写第一个字母，而且so前也无须加and，同样构成并列分句；若前一句为if条件句，则so前用逗号，不加and，so也不大写第一个字母，此时，这一结构作句子的主句。例如： I will go there tomorrow．So will she．
=1 will go there tomorrow，and so will she．=1 will go there tomorrow; so will she． =If I go there tomorrow，so will she．
②注意结构中的be动词／助动词／情态动词须与上句所使用的词性相同。
若前一句中只有行为动词，该结构应视人称与时态选用助动词do／does／did；若前一句是用了一般现在时的if条件句，则该结构中应用助动词shall／will。例如：
Jessica is fond of watching TV，and SO am I．杰西卡喜欢看电视，我也喜欢。
I often play the piano，and so does he．我经常弹钢琴，他也是。
If they take part in the school sports，so shall we．如果他们参加学校运动会，我们也参加。
③当前一句是否定句时，so须改用neither或nor。
“neither／nor+be动词／助动词／情态动词+主语"表示前一否定的情况也适用于后者，该结构中的be动词／助动词／情态动词仍然用肯定式。例如：
He has never been to Beijing．Nor／Neither has she．他从未去过北京，她也一样。
★注意：若前一句含有fail或一些加前缀或后缀构成的含有否定意义的词(如dislike，disagree，careless，dishonest，unfit等)，这些词虽然具有否定意义，但仍然是肯定形式的词，结构中仍使用so。例如：
Tom failed to work out the problem，and so did I．汤姆没能解决这个问题，我也没能。
Mike dislikes playing football．So does Jack．迈克不喜欢踢足球，杰克也不喜欢。
④当前面的句子是两个分句，或前一句含有两个或两个以上不同类别的谓语动词，或者当前面的句子既含有肯定句又含有否定句时，用It is／was the same with sb或So it is／was with sb来表达前述的多种情况也适用于后者。例如：
I like to play the violin but I can’t play it well．It is the same with Lucy．
我喜欢拉小提琴，可是拉得不好，露西也一样。
⑤注意“SO+be动词／助动词／情态动词+主语"与其易混结构的区别。
a．与“SO+主语+be动词／助动词／情态动词"的区别：
这一结构用来表示赞成前一说话者所说的内容，可译为“是的、对或的确如此"。例如：
-------It was very cold yesterday．昨天很冷。-------So it was．的确如此。
b．与“主语+do／does／did+so"的区别：
这一结构中的do／does／did是行为动词，表示做，不可换用其他be动词或情态动词，可译为“某某就这样做了"。例如：
The doctor asked him to take a deep breath，and he did so．医生叫他做深呼吸,他就这样做了。
7. I also saw the bodies of people that had been turned to stone when they had been covered with ash------they are kept exactly as they were 2,000 years ago．[P42-43]我也看到了一些人的尸体，当他们被火山灰覆盖时已经变成了石块——他们保持得跟两千年前一模一样。
(1)turn into sth： to become sth different变成 例如：
In a few weeks, the caterpillar will turn into a butterfly．几周之后，毛虫就会变成蝴蝶了。
The sofa turns into a bed．沙发变成了床。
turn sth into sth把……变成…… ‘
The fairy godmother turned the pumpkin into a coach．仙女把那只南瓜变成了马车。 ．
• 相关搭配：turn to sb for help向某人求助； turn back返回，转回去
turn one’s back on对……置之不理； turn over翻身，反复考虑，翻（书页），翻转
turn out证明为，结果，生产制造出某物，培养出，关掉（灯或炉火），熄灭
turn down调节, 使热度音量等降低，拒绝（好意，建议或提议的人）
turn round(around)转过身来，绕过某物
turn up（股票股市等）上扬，升值，向上翻，露面，出现，音量调大
turn in上交，交还， turn upside down把倒置，弄得乱七八糟
take turns to do 轮流做
8. Tomorrow we are off to Naples to visit the museum that houses many of the treasures from
Pompeii．[P43]明天我们将去那不勒斯参观博物馆，里面陈列了好多庞培城的财宝。
house v. ①to provide a place for sb to live给(某人)提供住处例如：
The government is committed to housing the refugees．政府承诺收容难民。
②to be the place where sth is kept or where sth operates from是(某物)的储藏处；收藏例如：
The gallery houses 2，000 works of modern art．美术馆收藏了2，000件现代艺术作品。
The museum is housed in the Old Court House．博物馆设在旧法院大楼里。
9. An archaeologist from the local cultural institute，Professor Zhang，told us that 100 years ago the Swedish explorer Sven Hedin discovered the ruins of the Loulan Kindom．[P43]
当地的文化研究所的考古学家——张教授告诉我们，一百年前瑞典的探险家斯文赫丁发现了楼兰王国的遗迹.
(1)institute
①n. an organization that has a particular purpose，especially one that is connected with education or a particular profession；the building used by this organization(教育专业等)机构，机构建筑 例如：
a research institute研究所；institutes of higher education高等学校
② v. (formal)to introduce a system，policy，etc．or start a process建立，制定(体系，政策等)；开始，实行 例如：
The new management intends to institute of changes．新任管理部门打算实行一些改革。
引申：institution n．机构；institutional adj．机构的，慈善机构的
(2)ruins
cn．：the parts of a building that remain after it has．been destroyed or severely damaged残垣断壁，废墟 例如：
We visited the ruins of a Norman castle．我们参观了一座诺曼式城堡的遗迹。 ．
相关搭配：in ruins严重受损，‘破败不堪 。
10. Sven found the remains of buildings buried under the sand, together with a lot of treasures，such as coins，painted pots，silk materials，documents and wall paintings．[P43]
斯文发现了被埋在沙土底下的建筑物的遗迹，连同很多的财宝，如硬币，着色的水壶，丝绸，文件以及壁画。
学习这里together with的用法： ①including包括……在内 例如：
Together with the Johnsons，there were 1 2 of us in the villa．
包括约翰一家在内，别墅里总共有我们12个人c
②in addition to；as well as加之；和；连同，和……一起 例如：
I sent them my order，together with a cheque for 40 dollar.
我把订单连同一张40美元的支票寄给了他们。
★注意：当together with连接两个并列主语时谓语动词应和前面的主语保持一致。
例如： Three teachers，together with a student，are playing basketball on the playground.
三个老师，连同一个学生正在操场上打篮球。
VI．英汉短语互译 ．
1．夺取；接管 take over 2． 处于良好的状态__ in good condition______
3．实施，执行 carry out 4． 在船上 on board
5．纪念 in memory of 6. 在使用中 in use
7．设法成功做某事 manage to do sth. 8．导致 lead to
9．使某人做好准备做某事 prepare sb. to do sth. 10．文化遗产 cultural heritage
11．be located in 位于 12. set sail for 起航去某地
13．have some suggestions on 有关于…的建议14．be known as 作为。。。出名
15．in return for 作为。。。的回报 16 . ancient civilization 古代文明
17．no more 不再 18. a different story 情况不同
19．hard to imagine 难以想象 20. drive sb crazy 使某人发疯
VII.句型转换
1．I feel lucky to have won a place on this trip．
It is lucky for me to have won a place on this trip．
2．Both Pompeii and Loulan became lost civilizations about 2,000 years ago．
Pompeii became a lost civilization about 2,000 years ago, so did Loulan.．
3. We are off to Naples to visit the museum that has a lot of the treasures.
We will visit the museum with plenty of treasures in Naples.
4. The ancient city had a water system. It went through the city center.
There was an ancient water system that ran through the middle of the city.
5. I was too tired to eat anything we were given .
I was so tired that I didn’t have anything that was provided for us.
VIII、完成句子
．1．我们对梅教授上周给我们做的扬州地方史讲座很感兴趣。
We were very interested in the lecture on Yangzhou local history that Professor Mei gave us last week．
．2．他们在这座古墓里发掘出许多钱币，彩色画和文件。
They dug a lot of coins , paintings and documents out of this old tomb.
．3．西安以兵马俑闻名世界，每年都吸引着许多游客。
Xi’an is known as Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses in the world and attracts enormous tourists every year.
4. 在墓里发现的器物使我们想起了他下葬时穿着的情况。
Some of the objects found in the grave give us an idea of how he was dressed when he was buried .
5．考古学家们在那儿发现了一些神秘的宫殿和帝王的墓室。
The archaeologists discovered some of the mysterious palaces and tombs of kings .
Unit 3 Back to the past Period 5&6 Grammar
I． 相关语法知识精析
(一)宾语补足语
问：什么叫宾语补足语? 答：宾语补足语即对宾语的状态、特征、动作等进行补充说明。
问：常见的宾语补足语有哪些形式? 答：有以下形式——
1．名词作宾补。例如：She found him a very clever boy．她发现他是个聪明的男孩。
2．形容词作宾补。例如： He had a strange way of making his class lively and interesting．他有种奇怪的方式使他的课堂生动而有趣。
3．副词作宾补。例如：Last Sunday I saw you out with your sister．上周日我看见你和你姐姐一起出去了。
4. 介词短语作宾补。例如： To her surprise , she found herself in a different world. 让她吃惊的是，她发现自己身处一个陌生的世界。
5． 现在分词作宾补。例如： I saw him doing his homework when I passed his window ．当我经过他窗前时看见他正在做作业。
6．过去分词作宾补。例如：
1 was absent-minded when I heard my name called．当我听到有人叫我名字时，我正在走神。
7．动词不定式作宾补。 (1) to do 例如：
The villagers did not allow them to build a factory there.村民们不允许他们在那儿建工厂。
★注意动词ask，tell，beg，force，wish，want，expect，advise，permit，order，persuade等后面常跟不定式作宾补。
(2)省略to的不定式。例如： 。
We saw the car stop．我们看见那辆轿车停下了。 I made him change his mind．我使他改变了主意。
★注意：①变为被动语态时需加上to。例如上面两句可变为如下两句：
The car was seen to stop． He was made to change his mind .
②常接省略 to 的不定式作宾补的动词包括感官动词和使役动词，可记住这样一句口诀“一感二听三让 四观看”。(一感：feel二听：hear，listen 三让：1et，have，make四观看：observe，see，watch, look at)
问：宾语和其补足语之间有怎样的逻辑关系?
答：(1)当名词、形容词、副词和介词短语充当宾语补足语时，它们和宾语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系(或称表语关系)，宾语补足语说明宾语的情况、性质、特征、状态、身份或属类等。试比较：
We made him our monitor．．(He is our monitor．)
You should keep your room clean and tidy． (Your room is clean and tidy．)
We could hear the children at play outside．(The children are at plav 0utside．)
(2)当现在分词和动词不定式充当宾语补足语时，它们和宾语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，宾语补足语一般为宾语所做的动作。例如：．．
He saw an old man getting on the bus．(An old man was getting on the bus．)
Did you see a young man enter the house? (A young man entered the house．)
(3)当过去分词充当宾语补足语时，它与宾语之间有着动宾关系，即：宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。例如：
I once heard this song sung in Japanese．(This song was once sung in Japanese．)
I didn’t want the children taken out in such weather． (The children were taken out in such weather．)
(二)主谓一致
问：什么叫主谓一致? 答：主谓一致即谓语动词的单复数应与主语保持一致的原则。
问：主谓一致的原则有哪些形式? 答：有以下形式——
1．某些集体名词，如family，team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
My family is large．(看作一整体)，我的家庭是个大家庭。
My family all like music．(指家庭中一个个成员之和)我的家人都喜欢音乐。
属于这类的集体名词还有：audience，class，club，company，crew，crowd，group，government，party，public。，staff等。
名词population一词的使用情况也类似。例如：
The population of the earth is increasing very fast．地球上的人口数增长很快。
One third of the population in this country enjoy drinking coffee．这个国家三分之一的人喜欢喝咖啡。
“a group(crowd)of+复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数，前者强调整体，后者强调各个部分。
2．“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的短语及由“a lot of，lots of，plenty of，half of，a heap of，heaps of+名词"构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的数与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致。例如：
More than 70 percent of the surface of our planet is covered by water．
我们星球的表面超过百分之七十的部分都被水覆盖着。
One third of the students are girls in our group．我们队三分之一的学生是女生。
★注意： (1)a large quantity of修饰可数名词或不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数；而(1arge)quantities of修饰可数名词或不可数名词，其短语作主语，谓语动词一般用复数。例如：
A large quantity of people is needed here．这儿需要大批人。
Large quantities of food have rotten away．大量食物都已经腐烂了。，
短语in quantity，in large quantlities意为“大量的"；in small quantities意为“少量的"。
(2)a great deal of／a large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但large amounts of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。
例如： A great deal of rice was taken from the country to the city by railway．
很多大米通过铁路从农村运往城币。
Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge．许多钱都花在这座桥的建设上了。
3．并列主语用连词or，either．．．or，neither …nor，not only…but also等连接，根据就近原则谓语应同相邻的主语保持人称和数的一致。例如：
Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music•
不仅学生们而且这位老师也喜欢听这种音乐。
Are either you or he wrong?要么足你错，要么是他错吗?
4．国名、人名、报纸名、书名等专有名词虽以--s结尾，形式上是复数，但谓语动词常用单数。例如：
The United States is a developed country．美国是个发达国家。
但以--s结尾的山脉、岛屿、瀑布等作主语时，谓语一般用复数。
The Philippines lie to the south east of China．菲律宾群岛位于中国的东南。
II: Please make the best choice!
1. Do you know _____________.
A. what is the police looking for B. what are the police looking for
C. what the police are looking for D. what the police is looking for
2. _____ he ______ I finished the experiment?
A. Have neither/nor B. Has neither/nor
C. Have neither/or D. Have either /or
3. The old ____ well looked after by the government in China.
A. is B. are C. has been D. was
4.The secretary and manager ________ very busy now.
A. is B. are C.has been D. were
5. Both the secretary and the manager ________ agreed to attend the meeting.
A. has B. have C. are D. is
6. During the holidays every train and ship ______ crowded.
A. are B. were C. was D. has
7. Tom as well as two of his classmates _____ invited to the party.
A.was B. were C. have been D.had been
8. Most of his spare time _____spent in reading.
A. are B. were C. was D. have been
9.Ten thousand dollars ______ quite a large sum.
A. are B. is C.has D. have
10.About 20 percent of the work ________ done yesterday.
A. are B. is C., were D. was
11.When and where to build the new factory ______ yet.
A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided
12.The United States _____ founded in 1776.
A. was B. is C. were D. are
13.This pair of shoes _____ made in our factory.
A. is B. are C. have been D. had been
14.No one except my parents _____ anything about it.
A. know B. knows C. is knowing D. have known
15.A number of students ______ from the south.
A. are B. is C. have D. has
16.The number of students from the south _____ small.
A. are B. is C. have D. has
17.John is the only one of the students in our class who ____ to school on foot.
A. go B. goes C. have gone D. are going
18.It is not I who ______ wrong.
A. is B. are C. am D. has been
19.He said that his family ____ all very well.
A. are B. were C. is D. was
20.One and a half apples _______ on the table.
A. is leaving B. is left C. are left D. left
21.Where ____ that five pounds I lent you?
A. is B. have C. was D. were
22." I " _____ the ninth letter of the English Alphaber.
A. are B. be C. is D. am
23.Six times seven ______ forty-two.
A. are B. is C. have D. was
24.The United States _____ made up of 50 states, one of which _____Kentucky.
A. is /are B. is/is C. are/is D. are/are
25.The population of the city ______ increasing fast.
A. were B. be C. is D. are
26.One third of the population here ________ workers.
A. is B. have C. be D.are
27.Now the police ____ searching the town for the lost child.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
28.Two of them will go first, the rest ______ to stay.
A. is B. are C. used D. have
29.He was the one of the students who ______ praised at the meeting.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
30.The scientist and professor ____ left for Russia.
A. have B. has C. is D, are
31.Many a boy ______ made such a funny experiment.
A. have B. are C. has D. is
32.Every means _______ been tried since then.
A. has B. were C. was D. has been
Keys: CBBAB CACBD AAABA BBCBB ACBBC DDDAB CA
Unit 3 Back to the past Period 9 Project
Ancient China and Rome
I: Read the text and find the main idea of each paragraph:
Para. 1 Main events in Rome and China between 753 BC :and 479 BC.
Para. 2 Similarities between China and Rome during the Han Dynasty.
Para. 3 Both Rome and China influenced other areas between 212 BC and 100 BC.
Para. 4 Rome and China had a difficult time in the following hundred years.
II: Answer the following questions:
1.What happened in both China and Rome in the year 509 BC?
(China suffered from fighting and many groups ruled China. Rome became a republic. )
2.What about the year 27 BC?
(Rome became an empire and controlled many parts of Europe. China also influenced other
countries. )
3. When was Confucius born? (In 551BC)
4. When was the Han Dynasty created? And when did it fall?
(It was created in 206 BC and fell in ID 220. )
III: Language points:
一．not only…but also…
1．not only … but also …连接的并列成分应保持 一致，
She is not only a teacher but also a writer in my view. (并列名词)
Your mother is not only competent but also warm-hearted. (并列形容词)
The thief not only stole his money but also robbed him of a watch. (并列动词)
Not only you but also I am interested in this new machine. (并列代词)
You can study not only in the library but also in the dorm. (并列介词短语)
They have finished the task not only punctually but also perfectly. (并列副词)
2．not only一定要连用，而but also可以分开，
This book is not only interesting, but it is also instructive.
Television is not only boring, but it also wastes a lot of time.
3．谓语动词的数应与but also后的主语的数保持一致，即就近原则，
Not only you but also my friend learns English well. Not only he but also I am from the country.
4．not only放在句首，后接从句时要用倒装结构，
Not only could he finish the homework on time, but also he helped some others.
Not only was everything Albert Einstein had taken away but also his citizenship was deprived of.
5．注意not only和but also还有几种变体形式：
1). not only 常用的变体有：not just, not merely, not simply, not solely
2). but also的常用变体有：but (即省略also), also (即省略but), but … as well, 或者but also全部省略，
Not simply did he teach at school, but (also) he wrote novels.
There is not merely the teacher (but) also the students taking part in the action.
This boy is not just a trouble maker in our group, he is very dangerous to us.
Not solely does he write the words to the songs, but he composes the music as well.
二．overthrow
vt. defeat; put an end to; cause to fall or fail 打倒;推翻;废除
Fascism had lawlessly overthrown the democratic government .
n. ruin; defeat; fall 打倒;推翻[(the)S]
The overthrow of the corrupt regime was greeted with cheers.
三．as early as…早在……k
As early as 1949,he suggested that plan.
as far as… 远在……
The path reaches as far as the foot of the mountain.
四．manage
vt., vi. 1. run; deal with管理;经营;处理
He manages a hotel for his father. Who will manage while the boss is away?
2. control控制;照管;驾驭
She doesn't know how to manage her naughty children.
3. use使用;操纵
Can the child manage chopsticks now?
4. make use of; eat【口】(与can,could,be able to连用)得到;吃;安排(时间)做
I couldn't manage 2 weeks' holiday this year. I can't manage another mouthful.
5. succeed; contrive设法做到;勉力完成[+to-v]
How did you manage to get their approval?
He had such a great deal of work to do, but somehow he managed.
五．return
vt., vi. 1. come or do back回,返回,归(+to/from)]
She did not return home till eleven o'clock. Have you returned the novel to the library?
2. pass or go back to a former state重新发生;回复,恢复[(+to)]
The situation has returned to normal in the capital.
3. give, put, send, pay, carry, back 归还,退回 [(+to)]
When will you return me the book I lent you?
n. 1. returning or being returned; coming, going; giving, sending, putting, back回,归,返回[C][U][(+from/to)]
On his return he reported his findings to the committee.
2. answer, reply回答;报答[U][C]
He expected no return when he decided to give us full support.
3. passing or going back to a former state回复;复发;恢复;再现[U][C]
She had a return of the heart attacks.
in return 报答的;回报的
The professor paid a return visit to his American colleague.

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