Unit 18 Mainly revision
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Lesson 69
Teaching objectives and demands:
1. Words and useful expressions: waiter; fly; lay the table; by accident
2. Everyday English for communication (jokes):
3. Language use: Manipulate listening, speaking practice
Key points: Everyday English for communication (prediction; conjecture and belief).
Teaching procedures:
Step 1. Revision
(1) Check the homework exercises of the previous unit.
(2) Revise the contents of the last five units.
Step 2. Presentation and listening
SB Page 31, Part 1. Teach the phrase “lay the table” and explain what play on words is and what a pun is.
Step 3. Reading
Get the students to read the jokes and find out the three explanations underneath the jokes. Check the answers with the students. Answers: 1b; 2c; 3a.
Step 4. Explanations
(1) I only laid the table. 我只是摆好餐桌。lay the table 摆桌子(准备吃饭)也可以用lay breakfast/lunch/supper，意为“摆好桌子(吃早饭/中饭/晚饭)”。 The girl came in and laid the table for supper. 那女孩进来摆桌子吃晚饭。 注意及物动词lay的过去式和过去分词都是laid，而不及物动词lie的过去式是lay，与及物动词lay的原形相同，lie 的过去分词是lain，试比较：
The typhoon laid the crops flat. 台风使庄稼倒伏了。
They have laid the carpet over the floor. 他们在地上铺了地毯。
The little cat lay on the grass, playing with herself. 小猫躺在草地上，自个儿玩着。
(2) Quite by accident. 纯属偶然。by accident 意为“碰巧”，相当于accidentally, by chance,如：I discovered the fossil quite by accident. 我发现这块化石纯属偶然。
by 除了可以引导交通类的方式状语外，还可以构成一些习语，如：
I took his umbrella by mistake. 我错拿了他的伞。
I met an old friend of mine in a street by accident/by chance this morning. 今天早晨我碰巧在街上遇见了我的一位老朋友。
The position of the enemy was taken by surprise in half a day. 敌人阵地在半天内就被出其不意地攻下了。
注意这些词组大多不用冠词，也不用复数。
Step 5. Workbook
Workbook Lesson 69, Exx.1 and 2. Get the students to read the jokes and find out the humour in the jokes. Tell the students to do Ex.2 individually and then check the answers with the students. Answers:
arrived; had booked; was; had visited; came; were; have booked; are; said; am; is; am; will have; felt; was; could; decided; might; began; was; finished; had reached; lasted; had climbed; was; would; not start; was asked; could; answered; can; tell; won't like; shan't go; refuse; said; will tell; is; have left
Step 6 Homework
(1) Finish off the exercises of Lesson 69 in the Foundational Ex. Book.
(2) Revise the key points of this lesson.
Evaluation of teaching:
Lesson 70 We’ve lost our dad
Teaching aims and demands:
1.Words and useful expressions:
carriage; cigar; in common; announcement; get in touch with; track; passport; absence; truth; on one’s own; platform; book; charge; turn up
2. Grammar: Revise the grammar we learned in the previous units.
3. Reading comprehension: skimming and scanning
Key points: 1.Words and grammar 2. Reading comprehension
Teaching methods: Reading—practice
Teaching procedures:
Step 1. Revision
(1) Check the homework exercises.
(2) Revise the key points of Lesson 69.
Step 2. Lead-in
Get the students to talk the picture and tell what you think they were doing and what where they were.
Step 3. Scanning
Now get the students to read the text and answer the questions SB P33, Part 2. Get the students to ask and answer in pairs.
Step 4. Language points
(1) Hank Stram was on vocation travelling through Europe by train with his two children.汉克•斯特拉姆正在与他的两个孩子乘列车作穿越欧洲的旅行。
on vacation 意为“正在度假”，相当于 on holiday。 on 也可以构成一些习语，与上面的by习语相同，大多也不用冠词，不用复数。如：
I prefer to go to work on foot than by bike. 我喜欢步行上班，而不是骑车。
He has gone to Europe on business. 他出差到欧洲去了。
President is on holiday in David Camp. 总统正在戴维营度假。
He said this on purpose. 他有意这样说的。
Are his family on vacation in Venice? 他一家人正在威尼斯度假吗?
(2) I'm just going down to the dinning car to get a coffee. 我正打算到那头的餐车去要一份咖啡。
get a coffee 意为“拿/买一份咖啡”。 coffee 作为物质名词时是不可数名词，如： His wife is expert at making coffee. 他的妻子是煮咖啡的好手。
Latin American countries export coffee. 拉丁美洲国家出口咖啡。
Would you like black coffee or white coffee? 你喜欢清咖啡还是牛奶咖啡?
如果指“一杯咖啡”或“一份咖啡”，常用 a cup of coffee 或者 a coffee。
(3) ...and as the train was travelling fast and moving from side to side, he decided to drink it there and not to carry it back to his seat. ……因为列车车速很快，而且晃来晃去，他决定不把咖啡带回座位，就在餐车喝了它。
move from side to side 意为“晃来晃去”。 from...to... 也可以组成很多词组，如：from top to bottom 彻底地
from time to time 有时 from morning to night 从早到晚
from bad to worse 每况愈下 from beginning to end 自始至终
from hand to mouth 勉强糊口from head to foot 从头到脚
She went to from shop to shop in order to get a wedding dress.
为了买结婚礼服她转了一家又一家商店。
The tradition has been handed down from generation to generation.
这个传统被一代一代地传下来。
He went from place to place to practise drawing scenery.
为了练习画风景，他去了一个又一个地方。
(4) They found that they had a lot in common and got on well.
他们发现他们有许多共同之处，相处得也很好。
① in common 意为“共同的/地，共用”。 这是一个习语，又如：
I think we have a lot of interests in common in the Caribbean Sea.
我想我们在加勒比海有许多共同利益。
The twins have a lot in common. 这对双胞胎有许多相似之处。
有时，in common 与介词with连用，意为“与……一样”，如：
In common with you, I think the venture will be a success.
与你一样，我也认为这次冒险将会是成功的。
In common with many old people, he prefers classic music to pop.
像大多数老人一样，他比较喜欢古典音乐而不喜欢流行音乐。
② get on/along well (with sb./sth.) 意为“与某人相处好”或“在某方面进展不错”。如：
How are you getting on? 你情况如何?
How is he getting along with his novel? 他的小说写得如何了?
I found him hard to get on with. 我觉得他很难相处。
(5) Finally Hank and his friend gave each other their addresses and promised to get in touch again with each other when they both returned to the States. 最后，汉克和他的朋友互换了地址，并且保证回到美国后和对方联系。
① get in touch with sb. 意为“与某人进行接触”。
这是一个动作性动词词组，如果表示状态，则用keep in touch with sb.，试比较：
It was not long before the two spies got in touch with each other again.
For six months, the astronauts have kept in touch with the scientists on the earth by radio.
② the States是the United States 的省略用法。有时用 the U.S.A.，那是the United States of America的省略用法。
(6) He had gone through six carriages when he found he could go no further. 他走了六节车箱，突然发现再也走不通了。
① 这是一个when的固定句型，此处when不可以用其它连词替代。又如：
I had just locked the door when I found my keys were locked in the house. 我刚刚锁上门便发现我的钥匙被锁在房子里了。
I was about/going to leave when it began to rain. 我正准备离开突然天下雨了。
The boy was walking along the seashore when he discovered some beautiful shells. 那男孩正沿着海岸走突然发现了一些美丽的贝壳。
② go through在句中意为“穿过”，它可以作为“通过”或“完成”，与get through基本同义。如：It's dangerous to go through such a forest.
穿过这样的森林是危险的。
You will have to go through the Customs before going abroad.
你出国之前得经过海关检查。
Have you gone through with your thesis? 你写完了你的论文了吗?
③ could go no further 与 could not go any further 同义。注意no一般不修饰any，而用not。如：
Since then I have visited the island no more. 从那时起，我再也没有去过那个岛。
Since then I have not visited the island any more.

(7) At that moment he remembered that all the tickets, passports, and travellers' cheques were in his jacket that he had left hanging next to his seat. 此刻他想起所有的车票、护照、旅行支票都丢在他挂在座位旁边的上衣里了。
that引导的定语从句修饰his jacket。定语从句中的leave sth./sb doing是一种复合结构，又如：
Please leave me (to be) alone. 请让我一个人呆着。
The woman was talking with her friend, leaving her son playing with the dog.
那女士与她的朋友谈话，让她的儿子与狗玩耍。
The man escaped, leaving all the bills unpaid.
那男人逃走了，留下一大堆未付的帐单。
(8) ...but they paid no attention. ……但他们没注意。
pay (no) attention to (doing) sth. 意为“(不)注意(做)某事”。
有关这个词组特别要注意的是pay attention to中的介词to后面不可接动词原形，而只接动词的-ing形式，如：
Pay attention to making notes when necessary. 如果必要的话要注意记笔记。
Pay attention to speaking clearly. 注意口齿清楚。
(9) I'm going to see what Dad is up to. 我去看看爸爸怎么了。
up to是一个多义词组，需根据不同的上下文去猜度，如：
It's up to you to lead us through the difficulties. 就靠你来带领我们度过难关了。
Up to 10 000 people attended the opening ceremony. 多达一万人参加了开幕式。
He is up to his old games. 他又在耍弄花招了。
The quality of the construction is not up to the standard. 工程质量没有达标。
He is not up to his work. 他不胜任自己的工作。
Up to now, ways haven't been found to clean the river. 到目前为止，人们还没有找到办法来清理这条河。
(10) Two hours is a long time to take over a coffee.
两小时端来一杯咖啡是够长的了。
① 注意复数名词作为整体看待时谓语动词用单数，试比较：
There are 20 dollars in my pocket. 我口袋里有20美元。(强调是20，而不是1，2等等)
Twenty dollars a week does not leave much for saving.
一星期20美元剩不了多少可以存的钱。
② take over 原意为“接收”，“接管”，此处意为“拿过来”，又如：
The PLA took over Beiping in 1949. 解放军于1949年接管了北平。
(11) She had gone through just a few carriages before she found herself at the front of the train. 她走了没几节车箱就发现自己来到了火车前部。
before 所引导的时间状语从句在不同的语境中会有不同的意思。如：
They had walked for three days eastward before they saw any water.
他们向东走了三天三夜才找到水。
Before I could get in a word, he announced the ending of the meeting.
我还没有插上话，他便宣布散会了。
It was not long before he left his hometown for Paris. 不久他离开故乡去了巴黎。
He had become world famous long before he died.
在他去世前很久，他便闻名于世了。
It will be another three months before we can go back to the earth.
我们要再过三个月才能返回地球。
(12) ...you are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked for you. 你应该去那家旅馆，那里早已为你订了房间。
① be to do sth. 常常表示“应该做某事”或“按计划将做某事”，如：
You are to return all the books and magazines before the end of June.
你们应该在六月底前还清所有的书籍杂志。
The prince is to visit Morocco next month. 王子将于下个月访问摩洛哥。
② book在句中是动词，意为“预订”，如：
Have you booked your tickets to go to New York? 你订了去纽约的票了吗?
Can I book a ticket through to Shanghai? 我能订一张直达上海的票吗?
如果在餐馆订饭或点菜，常用 order，如果是订货，常用place an order for sth. with sb.，如：
I've ordered lunch for 1∶30 p.m. 我已经定于下午1点半开午饭。
We have placed or order for some steel with Anshan Iron and Steel Factory.
我们已向鞍山钢铁厂订购了一些钢材。
(13) The hotel paid the taxi driver and put the charge on their hotel bill.
旅馆给出租汽车司机付了款并将费用记在他们的旅馆帐单上。
charge在本单元中是“费用”的意思。put the charge on their hotel bill 意为“将这笔出租车费加在他们的旅馆帐单上”。
charge是一个多义名词，如： ①They brought a charge of murder against the former player. 他们指控这位前运动员犯了谋杀罪。
②After a fierce charge, our soldiers drove the enemy from the hill-top. 在猛烈的冲锋后，我们的士兵把敌人赶下了山头。
③What are included in the hotel charges? 旅馆费用包括哪些?
试比较charge的动词用法及语义：
④He was charged with a theft. 他被指控犯了盗窃罪。
⑤The wounded lion charged at him. 受伤的狮子向他扑过来。
⑥The dealer charged me five pounds for the pen. 这支笔小贩向我要价五镑。
⑦Please charge these to my accounts. 请将这些记在我的帐上。
Step 5. Vocabulary
SB P33 Part 3. Get the students to find words in the passage that mean the following.(the bold italic parts are possible answers)
(1) The lines on which a train runs: track
(2) A time when someone is away or missing: absence
(3) The giving of information in public: announcement
(4) Something which is true: truth
(5) The price asked or which is paid for something: change
Step 6. Consolidation
Ask students to tell each other the story again in pairs. Then get pairs to tell a part of the story to the whole class.
Step 7 Workbook
Get the students to do the wb exercises individually and then check the answers with the class. Answers:
Ex.1 1.in common 2.announcement 3.are getting on well 4.absence 5.book 6.charge 7.get in touch with 8.connect 9.further 10.on his own 11.in order that
Ex.2 1.keeping back 2.keep fit 3.keep on 4.keep in touch with 5.turn on 6.turn down 7.turned off 8.turned over 9.turned up
Homework
(1) Finish off the exercises of Lesson 70 in the Foundational Ex. Book.
(2) Revise the key points of this lesson.
(3) Retell the story to the your partner if you have the chance.
Evaluation of teaching:
Lesson 71 Tell him what you think of him
Teaching aims and demands
1.Words and useful expressions: rush hour; brake; cyclist; extremely; determine; in order that; shout at; stupid; rude; permit; prison; couple; district
2. Reading practice
Key points: words and useful expressions
Teaching methods: Reading — practice
Teaching procedures:
Step 1. Revision
(1) Check the homework exercises.
(2) Revise the key points of the previous lesson.
Step 2. Lead-in
Tell the students that “Today we ‘re going to read a story about an interview for a job. If you want a job in a company, you usually have a to go to the company for an interview.” Get the students to read the title to text and ask, “ If you tell someone what you think of them, are you telling them good or bad things?” (Usually good things)
Step 3. Skimming
Read the text and answer the following question: “Did the man in the story get the job or not?” (Yes.)
Step 4. Reading-discussion
Tell the students to read the text and then divide them into groups of four and talk about the questions in Part 2 of SB Lesson 71. Pick out some students who are good at oral English to yell out their answers to the rest of the class.
Step 5. Language points
Tell the students to read the text and underline the language points. Talk about the language difficulties with the students.
(1) But the hardest part was the interview. 但是最难的一关是面试。
interview 是及物动词和名词，意为“接见”，“会见”。如：
The actress refused any interviews to journalists.
这位女演员拒绝一切记者的来访。
How is your interview for the job? 今天的求职会见如何?
This morning, the chairman is going to interview a German businessman.
今天早晨，主席将会见一位德国商人。
(2) I was cycling along a street in the rush hour on my way to interview.
我在高峰期骑车去面试。
cycle作为名词时可作bicycle/tricycle的缩写词，当然它还有别的意思。如：
When I was a little girl, I wondered at the cycle of the seasons.
当我还是一个小女孩时，我对四季的轮回总感到不解。
Have you ever seen a cycling race? 你是否看过自行车大赛?
They were so great that they cycled around China.
他们真了不起，竟然骑自行车环游中国。
(3) ...as there was another car coming in the other direction. 因为来了一辆向相反方向行驶的小汽车。
in the other direction 意为“向另一个方向”。 英语中表示动作的方向多用介词to或toward(s)，但是如果是direction，一般不用to或toward(s)，而是用in，又如：
Seeing their commander shot, the enemy fled in all directions.
看见他们的司令官被射中，敌人向四面八方逃散。
The ship was sailing in the direction of Dover. 轮船向多佛尔方向驶去。
It will give you a push in the opposite direction. 它会将你向相反方向推去。
(4) I had to brake hard and hit another cyclist.
我只好猛刹车，却撞了另一名骑车者。
brake既是动词，也是名词，如：
Are the brakes of your bicycle in good condition? 你的自行车的刹车如何?
But it was too late for him to put on the brakes. 但他来不及去刹车了。
The bus driver braked suddenly and I nearly fell down.
汽车驾驶员猛地一刹车，我差点儿跌倒。
brake作为自行车刹车把时常用作复数。
(5) I was so angry I was determined to tell him what I thought of him.
我很生气，决心将我对他的看法告诉他。
(be) determine(d)与make up one's mind基本同义，但结构有区别，如：
My future has not been determined, but I may go to Beijing University.
我的去向还未决定，但我可能会去上北京大学。
He (was) determined to go abroad to forget the painful past.
为了忘记痛苦的过去，他决定出国。
We determined on an early start. 我们决定早点出发。
名词 determination 的用法：
Full of determination and hope, they set out on the journey.
满怀着决心和希望，他们踏上了征程。
The determination of the meaning of a word depends on the context.
一个单词的词义取决于上下文。
(6) I told him he had knocked two people off their bicycles and had nearly caused an accident. 我告诉他他把两个人撞下了自行车，差点造成一场事故。
knock是一个活跃的动词，可以和许多副词或介词构成词组或习语，如：
knock sb. down 将某人打倒在地
knock into sb. 撞在某人身上
knock on/at a door 敲门
knock sb. over 将某人打翻在地
knock sb./sth out 击败某人，使失去知觉
在本单元中，knock off 意为“将……撞离”的意思，又如：
He was so angry that he knocked all the dishes off the table.
他生气地将桌子上的碗碟全都摔到了地上。
It's high time that we knocked off work. 我们早该停止工作了。
Would you knock 10 pounds off the price? 你把价格降10镑好吗?
They knocked off a bank today. 他们今天抢了银行。
(7) ...the last time we met I did most of the talking...
……上一次我们会面时大部分都是我说话……
英语中有些名词词组可以当作复合连词引导一个状语从句，如：
The moment he saw the model, he fell in love with her. 他对那模特一见钟情。
Next time you come to see me, please don't bring any present.
下次你来看我，请不要带任何礼物。
Don't look up the new words each time you meet them.
不要每一次碰到生词都去查。
The last time I saw her, she was picking cotton in the field.
上次我看见她时，她正在地里摘棉花。
Step 6. Practice
SB P35 Part3. Get the students to make sentences from the two tables. Tell your sentences to your partner.
Step 7. Practice
SB P35, Part 4. Get the students to form sentences containing attributive clauses. Do orally with the whole class.
Step 8. Workbook
Workbook Lesson 71, Ex. 1~3. Get the students to do the three exercises and then check the answers with the students.
Answers: Ex.1 rush; interview; passed; brake; fell; that; shouted; in; manager; with; rude; offered; of
Ex.2.1.fall(falling)off 2.had driven off 3.see off 4.turn off 5.set off 6.knocked…off 　 7.went off 　　8.take off 　9.came off 　 10.cut off
Ex.3 1.permits 2.rush 3.determine 4.extremely 5.stupid 6.Honestly 7.offer
Homework
(1) Finish off the exercises of Lesson 71 in the Foundational Ex. Book.
(1) Finish off the wb exercises.
Evaluation of teaching:
Lesson 72
Teaching aims and demands
1. Listening practice
2. Grammar: Revise the grammatical points that we learned in the previous five units.
Key points: 1. Grammar; 2. Listening
Teaching methods: Listening — practice
Teaching procedures
Step 1. Revision
(1) Check the homework exercises.
(2) Revise the content of the previous two lessons.
Step 2. Listening
(1) Pre-listening: Tell the students turn to Page 150 and read the instructions to get a gist of the listening passage.
(2) While-listening:
① Play the tape for the students to answer the questions.
② Check the answers with the students.
(3) Post listening activity: get the students to talk about the listening passage.
Step 3. Checkpoints
Go through Checkpoint 13~17 with the students.
Step 4. Word formation
SB P36, Part 2. Read the instructions and get students to fill in the blanks with the words given in the box. Check the answers with the students after they finish them.
Step 5. Vocabulary
SB P36, Part 3. Read the instructions and tell the students to fill in the blanks with the words given in the box and then pick out some students to yell out their answers to the class. Check the answers with them if necessary.
Step 6. Workbook
Workbook Lesson 72. Ex. 1 and 3 and the exercises in Unit 18 Revision. Get the students to do the two exercises and then check the answers with the students.
Ex..1 1. I heard about the job from a friend who works in the same company.
2. I cycled in front of the driver, got off my bicycle, and laid it down on the road in front of his car, so that he couldn't drive off.
3. I went on shouting at the driver because I was so angry.
4. I was shown into the interview room and introduced to the three people, who were going to interview me.
Ex.2 fail→failed some→Some breaking→broke kill→killed that→which is→are wheel→wheels leg→legs moves→move have→has do→does move→moving is→are has→have engine→engines strong→stronger A→An fly→flew is light→are lighter in→In notice→noticed made some experiment→made some experiments is filled→was filled shoot→shot disappear→disappeared falling→fell travelling→travelled asking→asked
Ex.3 (one possible precise)　　One day I was riding my bike along a street in the rush hour on my way to the interview. Suddenly a yellow car passed me and stopped. I had to brake hard and I hit another cyclist. We both fell off. I got so angry that I went to the bus driver and shouted at him. However, I was in time for the interview. By accident, one of the interviewers, the manager of the company, was the driver of the yellow car. "What should I do?” I thought. Then I had an idea. I decided to treat the whole matter as a joke. Fortunately, the manager was not angry with me for having been so rude. Two days later he offered me the job. I was very pleased and said to everyone jokingly that I told my manager exactly what I thought of him.
Unit 18 Revision
Ex.1. 1.waiter 2.district 3.charge 4.determine 5.rude 6.prison 7.permit 8.truth
Ex.2 1.to 2.to 3.up 4.by, at 5.in 6.in, with 7.on 8.in
Ex.3 1.I have no idea if she has already booked a room for you.
2.I'd like to make a suggestion that we should go and have a party in a restaurant.
3.Have you got the permission that you can use his TV when he is away?
4.Her three children, brought up by their aunt, have begun to work now.
5.Woken/waked(up)by the terrible noise, she could not get to sleep any more.
Homework
(1) Finish off the exercises of Lesson 72 in the Foundational Ex. Book.
(2) Revise the key points of this unit.
(3) Finish off the wb exercise.
Evaluation of teaching:
Unit 19 A freedom fighter
Lesson 73
Teaching objectives and demands:
1. Words and useful expressions: match; demand; housing; citizen; forbid; forbade; forbidden; join in; peacefully; over and over again; put…in prison
2. Everyday English for communication (talk about an event)
Haven’t you heard…? What happened?
Why was that? I imagine….
There was a…
3. Language use: Manipulate listening, speaking practice
Key points: 1. Everyday English for communication; 2. Words and useful expressions
Teaching procedures:
Step 1. Revision
(1) Check the homework exercises of the previous unit.
(2) Talk about the difficult points in the mid-term examination.
Step 2. Presentation and listening
SB Page 37, Part 1. Play the tape of Lesson 73 for the students to follow and ask them the questions as follows: (In the brackets are possible answers)
(1) Where did this dialogue happen? (In prison.)
(2) What happened in Birmingham yesterday? (Civil rights match)
(3) What did the black people want in Birmingham? (Equal rights)
(4) What did the police do to the matchers? (Arrested some matchers)
Step 3. Reading
Get the students to read the dialogue for more detail information.
Step 4. Explanations
(1) I was on the march. 我去游行了。
on the march是固定词组，意为“在行军中”或“在进展中”，如：
They met with a lot of difficulties on the march.
在行军途中他们遇到了许多困难。
Education in some distant areas is on the march.
一些边远地区的教育正在发展之中。
(2) We black people of Birmingham want equal rights.我们伯明翰的黑人要求平等权利。
① We black people是同位语结构，又如：
We, the Chinese youth, have obligations to build our motherland.
我们中国青年有义务建设祖国。
They each have got an apple. 他们每个人都拿了个苹果。
② equal既是名词、形容词，也是动词。其语义主要是“平等(的)”。如：
Now please divide this circle into two equal parts. 现在将这个圆平分为两等份。
The blacks should be equal to the whites. 黑人应该与白人平等。
be equal to可以转意为“具有……的能力”，后接名词或动词的-ing形式，如：
I believe he is equal to the occasion. 我相信他能应付这种场合。
She does not feel equal to receiving any guests today.
今天她的身体不适，不能接待客人。
He may equal me in strength, but not in the brains.
他的力量可能与我一样大，但智力不如我。
作为动词使用时其过去式和过去分词需写成equalled。
You should make friends with your equals or betters.
你应该与自己同等的或比你更好的人交朋友。
(3) For years we've been demanding better housing and jobs.
多年来我们一直在要求改善住房条件和得到更好的工作。
① demand在语义上近似于require，但结构上与require有些区别，当然它们也有相似之处，如：
He demanded an apology from the shop assistant. 他要求营业员道歉。
This sort of work demands great patience. 这种工作需要极度的耐心。
I demand that every one of us should obey the discipline.
我要求我们每个人都遵守纪律。
试比较： We require extra help. 我们需要额外的帮助。
What do you require of me? 你想要求我做什么?
The situation requires that we should be calm. 形势要求我们保持镇静。
My house needs repairing/to be repaired. 我的房子需要修理。
This job requires you to be very careful and quick-thinking.
这项工作要求你们非常细心并且反应要快。
从上面的例句中不难看出require比demand具有更多的句型，注意require的第四、五例句中都不可使用demand。
英语中表示请求、要求等的动词较多， 按其语义的委婉谦恭程度可按下列顺序排列：
beg 乞求
request 请求
ask 请求
require 要求
demand 要求
order/command 命令
summon 传唤
② have been demanding 是现在完成进行时，注意与现在完成时的区别。试比较：I have been writing letters all morning, but by now I have only finished two.
今天早上我一直在写信，但到现在我才写完了两封。
have been writing 强调一直在写，而have finished强调已经写完。
(4) So you're telling me that the situation here is bad for black people. 那么你是说这里的形势对黑人不利了。① be bad for 对……有害
注意be bad for 与be bad to 语义不同，前者表示“对……有害”，而后者表示“对……(态度等)不好”，如：
Reading in the sunlight is bad for your eyes. 在阳光下读书对眼睛不好。
The stepmother is very bad to me. 继母待我不好。
bad 还可以接一些其他的介词，如：
He is bad at playing football. 他的足球踢得不好。
② 现在美国人乐意称黑人为black people，尤其是黑人自己，以示与 white people 平等。在过去，白人常用Negro甚至nigger(黑鬼)来称呼黑人。
(5) They hit us with their sticks over and over again... 他们一次又一次地用棍棒打我们……
over and over again 一次又一次; 也可以用 over and over，或 again and again，意为repeatedly。如：He calculated again and again, and still he got the same result.
他一遍又一遍地计算，而得到的结果还是一样。
Step 5. Workbook
Workbook Lesson 73, Exx.1 and 2. Get the students to do the exercise in the workbook and then check the answers with the students. Answers:
Ex.1 treated; forbidden; housing; in; same; marched; came; hit; over; put
Ex.2. 1.demand 2.Housing 3.march 　 4.rights 　5.forbidden　6.imagine
7.citizens 8.prison 　 9.peaceful 　10.variety 　11.join 　　　12.came
Ex.3. 1. The teachers are demanding better housing and wages.
2. The law forbids people to destroy forests.
3. In the past some people in America did not treat the black people as equal citizens.
4. Every morning he listens to the news broadcast, does some exercises, and then reads the English texts over and over again.
5. My father has been a Party member for more than twenty years. OR: It has been/is more than 20 years since my father joined the Party.
6. Tens of thousands of women attended the World Women's Conference in Beijing in 1995.
Step 6 Homework
(1) Finish off the exercises of Lesson 73 in the workbook.
(2) Revise the key points of this lesson.
Evaluation of teaching:
Lesson 74~75 Martin Luther King Jr. (1&2)

Teaching aims and demands:
1.Words and useful expressions:
set an example; minister; tennis; separation; marriage; educate; achieve; peaceful; revolution; liberate; Civil Rights Act; equally; Voting Rights Bill; bomb; explode; murder; unfair; give in; nationwide; speech; make a speech; dream; former; brotherhood; tour; clerk; side by side; feeling; content
2. Grammar: Revise restrictive attributive clause and non-restrictive attributive clause…
3. Reading comprehension: ⑴ scanning ⑵ find the clue of a text
Key points: 1.Words and grammar 2. Reading comprehension
Teaching methods: Reading — explanation ---- practice
Time arrangement:
These two lessons are to be finished in three teaching periods. In the first period, we are going to progress from Step 1~5. The students are supposed to get a gist of the text Martin Luther King Jr. In the second period, we will smooth away the language difficulties, the in the third period, we finish off the rest steps of teaching.
Teaching procedures:
Step 1. Revision
(1) Check the homework exercises.
(2) Revise the contents of Lesson 73.
Step 2. Lead-in
Get the students to talk the picture and tell what you think they were doing and who the speaker was. (Martin was speaking to the public.)
Step 3. Skimming
Now tell the students to read the text and answer the question at the head of the text. Which group of people did King support, and how much success did he have? (The black people; much success, the black people won voting right)
Step 3. Scanning
Now get the students to read the texts in Lesson 74 and 75, and answer the following questions.
(1) Martin Luther King, Jr. won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 because ____.
A. he did his best to fight for political rights for black people in the USA
B. he was an important leader in the liberation of the blacks
C. he believed that black people should be treated as well as other people
D. all of the above
(2) This text tells us that black people's children received ____ in the past.
A. less education than white children
B. more education than white children
C. as much education as white children
D. as little education as white children
(3) The separation of blacks and whites ____ in the southern states even in the 1950's.
A. was allowed by law
B. was forbidden by law
C. was not permitted by law
D. was not allowed by law
(4) Martin Luther King Jr. thought that it was right and necessary to fight for equal civil rights by ____.
A. peaceful revolution
B. talking to the government
C. marching
D. all of the above
(5) King had many enemies because ____.
A. he won equal civil rights for the black people
B. he won the Nobel Peace Prize
C. he was an important leader in the liberation of the black people
D. both A and C
(6) Why did the police take Parks away when she was taking a bus?
Because she sat down in the "Whites-only" section on the bus and when she was asked to move away, she refused to move. So she was taken away by the police.
(7) Why did the black people in Alabama refuse to take the city buses?
A group was formed to demand the bus company should change its unfair practices. The group called for black people not to take the city buses.
(8) How long did the movement last?
For a whole year.
(9) What happened in the end?
In the end government lawyer is the capital said that the bus company did not have the right to separate blacks from whites on its buses.
(10) Why was Martin Luther King, Jr. put in prison in 1963?
King led a new revolution in Birmingham Alabama for new civil rights law in order to give blacks equal rights.
(11) Why did he lead a big civil rights movement in Birmingham?
He found there were many actings unequal between whites and blacks. For example, the housing condition, the chances of getting jobs, the voting rights and so on.
(12) Why did King never give in even when he knew his life was in danger?
In his speech he expressed his thoughts clearly. He told his listeners how he saw the future. He used the phrase "I have a dream" many times to show his struggle aim.
Step 4. Language points
(1) Martin Luther King, Jr., who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964, was an import ant political leader in the USA. 马丁•路德•金是美国的一位重要的政治领袖，他曾于1964年获得诺贝尔和平奖。
① Jr. 是junior的缩写。
② who won the Nobel Peace Prize 是一个非限定性定语从句，补充说明马丁• 路德•金的情况。注意此处不可将逗号去掉。试比较：
My brother who works in London is an engineer.
我的在伦敦工作的兄弟是一位工程师。(我还有别的兄弟，这是其中之一)
My brother, who works in London, is an engineer.
我的兄弟是一位工程师，他在伦敦工作。(我只有一个兄弟)
(2) By doing this he set an example to the rest of the world. 通过斗争他为世界上其他人树立了榜样。
set an example to 为某人树立榜样; 注意介词to，不可错用成for，如：
The development of Shenzhen has set a good example to other areas all over China.
深圳的发展为中国各地树立了好榜样。
Lei Feng set to us a good example of serving the people heart and soul.
雷锋为我们树立了全心全意为人民服务的好榜样。
有关example的习语和固定搭配还有：
for example 例如
give an example 举例
follow one's example 向某人学习
copy one's example 仿效某人
(3) The message he gave was that black people should not be separated but should be treated as well as other people, and with complete respect. 他带给人们的启示是黑人不应该被隔离，而应该被平等相待，并受到尊重。
① separate作为动词使用时，其读音为[sep reit]，而作为形容词使用时，其读音为[sep rit]，在朗读时需加以注意。 作动词使用时separate 常与介词 from连用。另外学生拼写该词时容易拼错，需特别当心。参见下列例句：
England is separated from France by the English Channel.
英伦海峡将英国和法国分开。
Please separate the good grapes from the bad ones.
请将好葡萄和坏葡萄分开。
We talk until midnight and then we separated.
我们一直谈到深夜才分手。
Please cut the plank into three separate parts.
请将木板裁成三块。
My brother and I live in separate rooms.
我的兄弟和我住在各自的卧室里。
② 本句中的as well as不是前面所讲到的“和……”，而是“和……一样好”。
③ with complete respect意为“怀着敬意地”，如：
We paid a visit to the monument to the revolutionary martyrs with great respect.
我们怀着崇敬的心情瞻仰了革命烈士纪念碑。
respect也可以作为动词使用，如：
She is well respected among her people. 她颇受她的人民的拥戴。
(4) He liked making friends and disliked fighting in any form. 他喜欢广交朋友而痛恨任何形式的暴力。
① in any form中form是名词。form 作名词意为“表格”或“形式”，如：
Please fill in the form. 请填写这张表格。
You must employ a proper form of letter writing. 你应该使用正确的书信格式。
form作为动词使用意为“形成”，如：
It is important to form good habits in one's childhood.
在童年时代养成好习惯是很重要的。
② dislike既是动词，也是名词，意为“不喜欢”、厌恶”。
英语中表示“喜欢”和“厌恶”的动词较多，尤其是前者，如：
be fond of 很喜欢 go in for 酷爱
take (a) pleasure in 以……为乐 delight in 以……为乐
like 喜欢 love 酷爱
hate 憎恨 dislike 厌恶，不喜欢
前四个词组因为介词结尾的缘故，后接名词，代词或动词的-ing形式。like, love, hate后面既可接名词或代词，也可以接动词不定式或动词的-ing 形式。dislike与这三个动词不同的是它不接动词不定式，使用时需加以注意。如：
I dislike getting up early, especially in winter. 我不喜欢早起，尤其是在冬季。
(5) There black people had equal rights and were free to live, study and work as they wished. 在那里黑人享有同等权利，可以自由地按照自己的愿望去生活、学习和工作。
as they wished 中as引导方式状语从句，用来修饰前面的三个并列动词，又如：
You may take the jewelry as you like. 你爱拿什么珠宝就拿什么。
Do it as I have told you. 按照我所说的去做。
有时由like组成的介词词组也可以引导一个方式状语：
I wish I could fly like a bird. 我要是能像小鸟那样飞就好了!
试比较：
I wish I could fly as a bird does. 在现代英语口语中，尤其是在非正式英语中，有时也用like 作为连词去替代as。但在正规的语法中，还是用as作为连词更合适些。
(6) Mixed race marriages were forbidden by law. 法律禁止黑人与白人通婚。
① forbid 是一个不规则动词，其过去式是 forbad 或forbade，过去分词是forbidden常用的结构是:forbid sth., forbid sb. sth., forbid sb. to do sth.，如：
The law forbade the marriages between different tribes. 曾经有法律禁止部落之间的通婚。
We forbid shouting loudly in the office. 我们不允许在办公室大声喧哗。
I forbid you the mentioning of her name before me.
我不允许你在我面前提起她的名字。
My parents forbid me to go out at night. 我的父母不允许我晚上出门。
反义词：allow, permit 允许
② by law 意为“根据法律”，相当于according to the law, in the eye(s) of the law。以上三个词组基本同义，用法也很相近，如：
Dirty water cannot be sent into the Great Canal by law, but still a lot of factories pay no attention to it. 根据法律不允许污水排进大运河，但依然有许多工厂无视这一规定。
(7) The money spent on educating a black child was just one fourth of that spent on each white child. 花在一个黑人儿童身上的教育费用只是花在一个白人儿童身上的四分之一。
① spent on educating a black child是过去分词词组作定语，相当于一个定语从句which was spent on educating a black child。
② that spent on each white child中that是指示代词，用来指代前面所提到的不可数名词或单数名词，在本句中指the money。如果是复数，则用those。又如：
The population of China is larger than that of any other country in the world.
中国的人口比世界上任何一个国家的人口都多。
The working conditions now are much better than those in the past.
现在的工作条件比以前的好多了。
(8) Black people had no right to vote in the southern states. 南方的黑人们没有选举权。
vote既是动词，也是名词，意为“投票(通过)”、“表决(权)”、“投票(权)”、“投票(数)”。
如果用作动词，常和介词 for 或against 连用，表示“赞成”或“反对”，如：
Are you going to vote for or against Bill?
你打算投票赞成比尔还是反对他?
如果表示“就……表决”，常用介词on，如：
This afternoon, they are going to vote on the proposal of the most - favoured nation treatment to China. 今天下午他们将对中国最惠国待遇提案进行表决。
vote也可以用作及物动词，如：
Parliament voted Charles I 100,000 pounds for his army.
议会通过投票表决同意给查尔斯一世的军队拨款10万英镑。
The new teacher was voted a fine fellow. 这位新老师被公认为是好人。
The members voted the bill through. 委员们投票通过了提案。
vote也可以作为名词使用，如：
Let's put this question to the vote. 让我们来投票解决这个问题。
Will his votes increase or decrease at the next election?
在下次选举中他的选票会增加还是减少?
派生词：voter n. 投票者
(9) If they wished to, they had to pass a reading test. 如果他们愿意的话，他们得通过一个阅读测试。
If they wished to 后面省略了pass a reading test，注意动词不定式省略时经常保留to， 使人一看便知道省略了不定式，如：
-Did you pass the driving test? 你通过了驾驶考试了吗?
-I tried to, but I failed. 我试了，但失败了。
-Would you like to go outing with us? 和我们一起去郊游好吗?
-I'd love to, but I'm engaged this morning. 我很想去，但今天早上我很忙。
第一例后面省略了pass the driving test，第二例后面省略了go outing，这样使句子显得简洁。
(10) All his life he believed that it was right and necessary to demand changes in society if people did not have their civil rights. 他终生相信如果人们没有民权， 那么要求社会变革便是正确的，也是必要的。
① civil意为“人类社会的”、“公民的”、“民用的”，如：
People of or over 18 in China will have civil rights and duties.
在中国18岁或18岁以上的公民享有公民权并负有公民义务。
He majors in civil engineering in a technical institute.
他在一所工学院主修民用建筑。
② 注意in society中不用定冠词。
(10) He believed they could achieve their goal by peaceful revolution, not by fighting and killing. 他相信他们能够通过和平变革而不是通过暴力和杀戮来达到目的。
achieve/carry out a goal 意为“实现目标”，而get/kick/make/score a goal 意为“进了一球”，使用时需加以区别，如：
I won't give up unless I achieve my goal. 我不达目的绝不罢休。
The Italian team managed to kick a goal a few minutes after the match began.
比赛开始后几分钟，意大利队便进了一球。
play/keep goal 意为“当守门员”。
(11) In 1964 a new Civil Rights Act was passed.
1964年一项新的民权法案得以通过。
注意与law, act连用的动词多用make(制定)，pass(通过)。
(12) Once, a bomb exploded and destroyed his house. 有一次，一颗炸弹炸毁了他的房屋。
A bomb fell beside him and exploded. 一颗炸弹落在他的身旁爆炸了。
The hero exploded the packet of gunpowder by holding it up.
英雄手举炸药包引爆了炸药。
At last my anger exploded. 最后我再也按捺不住我的怒气。
派生词：explosion n. 爆炸；爆发
explosives n.　炸药
explosive adj.　易爆炸的，易发作的
(13) On December 1st 1955, a black woman, Rosa Parks, got on a bus in Alabama and sat down in the Whites-only section.
section 意为“部分”、“片段”。
The boy pieced together the section of the toy bus skillfully.
那个男孩熟练地将玩具汽车的部件拼了起来。
This shopping section is the busiest one in our city.
这个商业区是本城最繁华的地方。
This section of the test is designed to check your understanding ability.
设计这部分测试的目的是检测理解能力。
(14) A group was formed to demand that the bus company should change its unfair practices and King was made president. 人们组成了一个组织，要求公共汽车公司改变它那套不公平的做法，金被推选为这个组织的领导人。
make sb. sth. 是“使某人成为什么”的意思，注意头衔前通常不用冠词，又如：
They made him vice-chairman of the Students' Union.
他们推选他成为学生会副主席。
He was made chairman of the committee. 他被推为委员会主席。
类似的结构还有：
They named the baby John. 他们给孩子取名约翰。
We elected her president of the university.我们选她为这所大学的校长。
Who would you choose your chieftain? 你们愿意选谁为酋长?
(15) King called for black people not to give in but to continue the struggle. 金呼吁黑人不要屈服而要继续斗争。
① not...but... 结构前面已经讲过， 本句中接的是动词不定式。又如：
Remember that you have come here not to play but to study.
记住你不是来这里玩耍而是来学习的。
②call for 意为“来找”；“要求”、“需要”， 本课中call for与require同义，如：
Being a nurse calls for extreme care. 做一名护士要求极度的细心。
I'll call for you at 7 o'clock. 我将在7点钟来找你。(来找……出去)
注意call for与send for正好方向相反，如：
Please send for a doctor at once. 请立刻去叫一名医生来。(去找来)
call 可以和一些介词或副词连用，构成一些习语或短语动词，如：
call in 叫进来 call out (loud) 大声喊
call at 拜访某人 call (up) 打电话
call back 会电话 call off 取消
(16) The blacks' revolution won a nationwide support. 黑人革命赢得了全国人民的支持。
注意nationwide的构词，由nation + wide组成。
本句中support是名词，它也可以作为动词使用，如：
He supports the Labour Party. 他支持工党。
The building was supported by many columns.
这座建筑物由许多柱子支撑。
The earth has to support more and more people.
地球得养活越来越多的人口。
Step 5. Consolidation of the texts
(1) Oral practice ---- pair work: SB P39, Part 2, ask your partner the compiled questions.
(2) Written and then oral practice: SB P39, Part 3. Tell the students to fill in the form first and then talk with your partner why these numbers were important in King’s life.
Numbers Evens
1929 King was born
15 Went to college
1948 Began to study in Philadelphia
1865 Emancipation Proclamation
1951 Ended his study
546000 Prize money donated to freedom movement
1964 Received Nobel Prize for Peace
1965 A new Voting Rights Bill became law
1968 Was murdered
Step 6. Grammatical and vocabulary practice
(1) Vocabulary: SB P39 Part 4, tell the students to find words in the text that mean the same as the explanations. Do orally with the class. Answers: See SB P39.
(2) Grammatical practice (attributive clause): SB P40~41, Part 2~5, get the students to do the exercises individually and then check the answers with the class. (Part 4 and 5 can be optional according to the time)
Step 7. Free Practice----interview
SB Part 5, tell the students to do the interview in pairs and one act as King while the other as a interviewer, after you have finished, change the role if time permits.
Step 8. Workbook
Get the students to do the workbook exercises individually in these two lessons and then check the answers with the class. Answers:
Ex.2. marry-marriage separate-separation
feel-feeling liberate-liberation
educate-education peace-peaceful-peacefully
person-personal-personally length-long-long
depth-deep-deeply height-high-highly
Ex.3 voter banker broadcaster ruler actor/actress marcher listener builder keeper sailor supporter organizer
Lesson 75 Ex.2
1、伯明翰的目的是为黑人争取得到平等的权利，更好的住所和工作。
2、罗莎帕克斯和她的人要求汽车公司改变他的不公平的营业。
3、黑人们要求象市民一样被平等对待。
4、一个黑人妇女坚持要坐在公共汽车上，只有白人的领地。
5、国王坚持新的人权法应被通过以给黑人平等的权利。
6、（金氏）国王建议所有的黑人都拒乘公交车。
7、会议上，他建议进行一次反对黑人和白人分离的长征。
Ex.3
1. The house, which had been one of the most beautiful in the city, was destroyed during the war.
2. The furniture (which/that) my uncle collected was made in China.
3. The bridge, which was built in 1893, connects the east part with the west of the town.
4. Most of the students still remember the day when they said goodbye to each other at the railway station.
5. The teacher showed the students around the museum, in which they were interested.
6. At six o'clock in the morning I went to the park where I found many people doing morning exercises.
7. Most of the students liked and respected their English teacher, whose lectures were very interesting.
Homework
(1) Finish off the exercises of Lesson 74 and 75 in the workbook.
(2) Revise the key points of these two lessons.
(3) Tell the main contributions that Martin Luther King made.
Evaluation of teaching:
Lesson 76
Teaching aims and demands
1. Listening practice
2. Grammar: Revise the attributive clause.
Key points: 1. Useful expressions; 2. Listening
Teaching methods: Listening practice; written practice and oral practice.
Teaching procedures
Step 1. Revision
(1) Check the homework exercises.
(2) Revise the content of the previous two lessons.
(3) Revise the key points of the two lessons.
Step 2. Listening
(1) Pre-listening: Tell the students turn to Page 151 and read the instructions to get a gist of the listening passage.
(2) While-listening:
① Play the tape for the students to answer the questions.
② Check the answers with the students.
(3) Post listening activity: get the students to talk about the listening passage.
Step 3. Checkpoints
Go through Checkpoint 19 with the students. Get the ss to make sentences of their own using the useful expressions.
Step 4. Word study
SB P42, Part 2. Read the instructions and get students to fill in the blanks with the words given in the box. Check the answers with the students after they finish them.
Step 5. Writing
SB P42, Part 3. Read the instructions and tell the students to develop a passage using the information given.
Step 6. Workbook
Workbook Lesson 76. Ex.1~3 and the exercises in Unit 19 Revision. Get the students to do the exercises and then check the answers with the students. Answers:
Ex.2.Those students who often speak English should be praised.
2.The book I borrowed from the library was well written.
3.It is said that this is the best choice that the manager has made.
4.This pupil studies very well, whose father feels very glad/happy/pleased.
5.The school where I am studying is beside/by/by the side of the beautiful lake.
6.I still remember the day when we went out for a picnic.
7.The person I just talked to is the manager I mentioned to you.
8.He is very fond of/likes very much the music (that/which) he listened to yesterday.
9.She had put her books into her school bag, which couldn't be found.
10.She used to live in this large room, in front of which she planted many/lots of
　 flowers.
11.The chance(which/that)she wanted to get for a long time came at last.
12.The market where I do shopping is not far from here.
Unit 19 Revision
Ex.1. 1.forbidden 2.liberation 3.education 4.housing 5.unfair 6.nationwide
Ex.2.1C 2A 3C 4A 5B 6C 7B 8D 9D
Ex.3 A New World In My Dream
　　How remarkable! How wonderful! In fact, it has been in my heart for a long time. When I was five, I thought if I could play and eat what I like every day, it would be very happy! When I was ten, I thought I must study best in my class. I dreamed of this since I went to middle school.
　　In my dream, I'm dressed all in white, that world is very clean, too. There is no cheating, no fighting, and no poverty. People are friendly to each other. Whoever has difficulties, everyone can help him. Fathers and mothers do not break away with their children and say dirty words to them when they do not listen to them. Every child cooks healthy and lovely. Old people are well cared for.
　　In my dream, teachers do not tell their students to do a lot of homework. If the students want to learn something, teachers just help them; give them suitable directions. In this way, all the students like to study what they are interested in.
　　In my dream, I can live happily with all the people around me and I fell I enjoy myself all the time.
　　What a wonderful dream!
　　I hope it will come true one day!
Homework
(1) Finish off the exercises of Lesson 76 in workbook.
(2) Revise the key points of this unit.
(3) Develop a passage about Martin Luther King. (A possible version, see below:) Ex.3 a possible passage:
　　Martin Luther King, Jr., Who won the Nobel Prize in 1964, was an important political leader in the USA. He fought for political rights for black people in the USA. The message he gave was that black people should not be separated but should be treated as well as other people, and with complete respect.
　　 King was born in 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia, in the southeast of the US. In his lifetime, he had done three big events. They were the peaceful "bus-revolution" in Alabama; the big black people's civil rights revolution is Birmingham; and King's "dream" speech. By doing this he set an example to the rest of the world.
Evaluation of teaching:

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