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Unit 4 Unforgettable experiences Teaching Aims and Demands: 1． Key words: advance, scare, struggle 2． Important phrases: light / start a fire , make a fire,put out the fire, set fire to, set sth on fire, catch fire, on fire, be out,put out, go out, go through, look into 3． Classic Patterns: must have done 4． Differences between words and phrases: a) seize/ catch/ hold b)strike/ hit / knock/ / beat c)drag/ pull/ draw 5． Grammar: Attributive Clause 6． Communicative phrases: 1.Feelings 2.按次序描述时间发生的过程 Teaching Steps: Step 1 Have a dictation of the words and expressions. Step 2 Translate the following sentences with the words and expressions in the text. Step 3. Key words: 1． Advance vt/ vi．前进，进展；提高，促进；提出(看法，建议等) n．[c]进步，进展；前进；上涨，提高 advanced adj．先进的，高级的 in advance事先，提前 They advanced thirty-five miles that day．他们那天前进了35英里。 The plan he advanced was not good．他提出的计划不好。 Nothing can stop the advance of social civilization．什么都不能阻止社会文明的进步。 It's cheaper to buy flight ticket in advance．预先购买机票比较便宜。^ Eg.At proper horse races everyone has already studied the form of the horse________． A．behind time B．in progress C．in advance D．in time in advance此处的意思是“预先”,behind time在原定的时间之后；in progress在进展中；in time及时。 Scare ．恐吓(同frighten)vi．受惊吓 2． fear vt/vi害怕；畏惧m害怕；担心(常用作主动语态) frighten vt．惊骇；吃惊(比fear程度深) We ________ when we caught sight of the long snake. A．afraid B．were feared C．frightened D．were frightened be scared of(=be afraid of)害怕 be scared to do(=be afraid to do)不敢做 ② scare away吓跑 scare into／out of doing吓得做／不做 You scared me by coming in so quietly．你这么悄悄地进来吓了我一跳。 He scares easily．他容易受惊吓。 I got the fright of my life．我吓得要命。 Do you fear death? 你怕死吗? She fears to speak in our presence．有我们在她不敢讲话。 3. struggle vi．斗争，搏斗(同fight)；努力，挣扎，奋斗 n.竞争；努力；奋斗 fight vi搏斗；斗争；争吵(同argue) struggle／fight for／against／with为……而斗争／反对……／与……而斗争 Great Britain fought against Germany in two wars．英国曾在两次大战中与德国交战。 Stop the children from fighting with each other．别让那些孩子们互相打个不停。 They tried their best to struggle against difficulties．他们尽其所能同困难斗争。 革命者为人民的自由而斗争。 Struggle/fight with既可表示“与……搏斗(斗争)”，又可表示“与……并肩作战“ 4．host n．＆v． ①n．[c]主人；东道主；节目主持人(女主人；空中小姐hostess) a host nation东道国；主办国 ②vt。做东；主办 a host of／hosts of许多 a host of／hosts of friends许许多多的朋友 He acted as host at the party．他充当宴会的主人。 He's willing to host the visitors．他愿意做东招待来宾。 解题警示：host指做东道主，主办；hold单纯表示举行，举办 Don't worry．I'll help to _______ the guests． A．hold B．host C．wait D．accept 本题考查动词词义；host the guests‘做东招待客人”；此处选择动词host最符合句意。 Step 2 重点短语 5．与fire有关的搭配 light(start)a fire点火 make a fire生火 (1)sb． put out the fire灭火 set fire to sth．放火烧 set sth．on fire使……着火 catch fire(强调动作)着火 (2)sth. on fire(强调状态)火烧着 be out(灯、火等)熄灭，强调状态(wi．) (3) put out强调“扑灭”，主语是人，强调动作 go out(灯、火等)熄灭，强调动作(vi．) The criminal ________ fire to a store and after a moment the whole store________ fire． A．made a：lit a B．set a：caught C．set；was on D．caught；was on 题意：犯罪分子向一家商店放火，不一会儿整个商店烧着了。 解题警示: 掌握与fire有关的搭配，分清句子的主语是“人’还是“物”。 6．go through的用法 go through通过，穿过，经历或遭受(困难等)；(法律等)被通过(与pass through同 义)；仔细检查；浏览，翻阅(与look through同义)；(把钱等)用光，耗尽 go through with完成，把……进行到底 They went through our luggage at the customs．在海关，他们检查了我们的行李。 Surely they will go through with the plan．他们肯定会把计划执行到底。 She went through untold hardships in her childhood． 她童年时期经历了说不完的艰难困苦。 Can the table go through the door?那张桌子能过得了那扇门吗? 不要与get through[拨通(电话)；使(考试，法律等)通过；(使)成功]混淆。 Eastern Areas have________ too many wars in the past fifty years． A．gone through B．got through C．1ooked through D．passed through go through在这里作“经历(苦难、战争)”讲。 7．与look相关的短语 look into向……里面看；调查．了解 look up向上看．查寻 look down俯视 look about／around／round环顾四周 look forward to．．．盼望 look out当心．注意 look through浏览；仔细查看 eg.She _________ his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right． A．look up B．looked for C．picked out D．picked up PA:A look up查找；look for寻找；pick out选出，认出；pick up拾起来。 Step 4经典句型 “情态动词＋have＋过去分词”常见句型及用法 句型1：should (ought to) have＋过去分词 表示过去应该做而（实际）没有做的事情。含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为“本应该……”。其否定形式为“should not／ought not to have ＋ 过去分词”。如： We ＿＿＿＿ last night，but we went to the concert instead．(MET’92) A． must have studied B． might study C． should have studied D． would study 简析：本题中的一个关键词but暗示了“我们不应去听音乐会，而应学习”。故本题选C。 句型2：needn’t have＋过去分词 表示过去没有必要做某事, 但实际上做了某事。如： There was plenty of time． She ＿＿＿＿＿．(MET’87) A． mustn’t have hurried B． couldn’t have hurried C． must not hurryD． needn’t have hurried 简析：本题的前一句暗示了一个条件，后一句则是由这个条件得出的结论。故本题选D。 句型3：must have＋过去分词 意为“过去一定做过某事”，表示一种很有把握的推测。注意，对过去发生情况的否定推测常用can’t／couldn’t have ＋过去分词。如： I didn’t hear the phone． I ＿＿＿＿＿＿asleep．(MET’89) A． must be B． must have beenC． should beD． should have been I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning．She ＿＿＿ at the meeting．(上海’91) A． mustn’t have spoken B． shouldn’t have spoken C． needn’t have spokenD． couldn’t have spoken 简析：从题意上分析，本题的前一句陈述一个理由，后一句则是由前一句得出的结论。故本题选D。 句型4：may／might have＋过去分词 表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的（可能性）推测，意为“或许／可能做过某事”。另外，用于虚拟语气时，通常用might。如： He ＿＿＿you more help even though he was very busy． (MET’90) A． might have given B． might giveC． may have given D． may give 简析：本题应选A。全句意为“即使再忙，他也可能再多给你一些帮助的”。 句型5：could have＋过去分词 表示“（过去）本来可以（能够）做某事，但实际上没有做到”。如： -I stayed at a hotel while in New York． -Oh, did you﹖ You ＿＿＿＿ with Barbara．(NMET’98) A． could have stayedB． could stayC． would stay D． must have stayed (Key: A) Step 5 词语辨析 9．seize／catch／hold seize vt。 (突然)抓住；抢走；(用于引申意义)抓住(机会等)，理解；夺取、攻占(=take up) catch vt。意为“抓住”时，不强调突然性；另外，它不用于引申意义中的“抓住”，但可意为“赶上(火车，汽车等)”。 hold vt.表示“抓住”时，指延续性动作。 Eg. Successful people are always good at¬¬¬_________ the chance which ordinary people don't value． A．catching B．holding C．keeping D．seizing 题意：成功的人们总是擅长抓住普通人不知道珍惜的良机。 【变式题1】The policeman caught the thief ___by____ the arm． Pa. get/ be caught in 遭遇到； 在……中受阻；catch sb doing sth.发现某人在做某事 Catch / take /get hold of =seize 抓住 (1)beat sb．殴打某人 Beat (2)beat sb.(=defeat sb．)在比赛或战争中击败某人 (3)beat(=move regularly)规律性地拍击，如心跳，击鼓，鸟拍打翅膀 (1)(=strike)hit sb． hit (2)(come against with force)碰撞 (1)(=hit)strike sb． strike (2)strike a match(light) (3)The clock struck 12. (钟敲了12点) (4)It struck me that．．．(突然想起) (1)撞击 knock (2)敲门(窗) 注意:beat／hit／strike／knock作“敲、打”时的区别：beat侧重“连续地拍击”，strike侧重 “一次或多次有力地重击”，knock侧重“敲(门／窗)、撞击”，hit侧重“击中”目标。， 11．drag /pull／draw drag拖拉(笨重，阻力很大的)东西；缓慢而吃力地行进；慢吞j荐地进行。 pull拉。拔(为普通用语)；pull up把……往上拉，(车辆等)停下。 draw比pull正式，但不如drag吃力，常用于比喻中，指吸引注意力等（draw one’s attention）。 The horse was dragging a heavy load．马正拉着重载。 He dragged behind others．他跟在别人身后无力地走着。 Draw your chair up to the table．把你的椅子拉到桌子旁。 Let's go over and help them pull the cart．咱们去帮他们拉车吧。 The loud noise drew our attention．那声巨响吸引了我们的注意力。 解题警示: 上述动词的反义词是push(推)；除了draw以外，attract也可指吸引注意力。 Step 6 语法要点 12．定语从句(the Attributive Clause) 定语从句与易混句型练与析 定语从句是历年高考试题中的考查热点之一，虽然其难度并不大，但许多考生对这一语法内容掌握得并不好，失分较多。做这一类题的关键是要能正确地分析出其结构来，即首先认出它是否为定语从句，然后再确定使用哪个连接词。定语从句易与其他句型混淆，需要仔细区分。现在我们来看看下列句型结构，请大家选择恰当的词填空（有的小题正确答案不只一个）。Ⅰ．A．whom B．themC．theyD．who 1．Mr Smith has three sons，none of ＿＿＿＿ is a computer expert． 2．He has three sisters，＿＿＿＿＿ are doctors． 3．She has three CDs，but none of＿＿＿＿＿ is interesting． 4．I have many friends，and all of＿＿＿＿＿ are nice and friendly． 5．Miss Yang has some relatives here；＿＿＿＿ like her very much． Ⅱ．A．whereB．whichC．in whichD．that 1．Rice grows well ＿＿＿ there is enough water． 2．I know the university ＿＿＿＿ my parents worked ten years ago． 3．After the war，a new school building was put up ＿＿＿ there had once been a theatre． 4．The hospital ＿＿＿＿ Mr Li was operated on in has taken on a new look． Ⅲ．A．thatB．whenC．whereD．who 1．It is on a summer afternoon ＿＿＿＿ he met Liang Wei from Shanghai． 2．Is it on the farm ＿＿＿＿ Mr Wang lives？ 3．It is the farm ＿＿＿＿ Mr Wang lives． 4．Is it Lang Weiwei ＿＿＿＿ is speaking to a foreigner？ Ⅳ．A．thatB．asC．whoD．which 1．Nobody in our school has the same camera ＿＿＿＿ you have． 2．She is such a good girl ＿＿＿＿does well in French． 3．She is such a good girl ＿＿＿＿ all of us like to make friends with her． Ⅴ．A．thatB．which 1．The news ＿＿＿＿ he told me sounds reasonable． 2．The news ＿＿＿＿ China has joined the WTO excites all the Chinese． Ⅵ．A．thatB．whenC．which 1．It is the first time ＿＿＿＿ I have been here． 2．It was the time ＿＿＿＿ we had a hard life． ［答案与简析］Ⅰ．本组题考查定语从句与并列句的区别。第1和2小题是定语从句，正确答案分别是A和D；第3和4小题有并列连词but和and，为并列句，每句只能有一个连接词，故正确答案均为B；第5小题中的前后两部分用分号连接，是两个并列分句，无需连接词，故C项正确。 Ⅱ．本组题考查定语从句与地点状语从句的区别。第1和3小题均无先行词，是表示地点的状语从句，只能用where引导，故答案均为A；第2小题是定语从句，A和C两项均正确；第4小题是定语从句，由于有介词in，故B、D两项均正确。 Ⅲ．本组题考查定语从句与强调句的区别。强调句的结构为：It is／was＋被强调部分＋that＋从句。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何部分，而且强调人时，还可用who代替that。注意这一句型中不能因为被强调部分是时间或地点，就想当然地用when或where代替that。第1和2小题是强调句，故A项正确。可用此技巧解题：先把强调句中的It is／was．．．that去掉，再把被强调部分调到句末，在不增加或减少任何单词的情况下，如句子成立则为强调句，否则为定语从句。可将第1和2小题分别改为：He met Liang Wei from Shanghai on a summer afternoon．Mr Wang lives on the farm．显然，两句均正确，故为强调句。第3小题是定语从句，用上述技巧可知缺介词on，故C项正确；第4小题也是强调句，强调人，故A、D两项均正确。 Ⅳ．本组题考查结果状语从句与定语从句的区别。第1小题是as引导的定语从句，即the same．．．as结构，as在从句中作宾语，第2小题也是as引导的定语从句，即such．．．as结构，as在从句中作主语，故答案均为B。第3小题是such．．．that结果状语从句，关键区别在于that在状语从句中不作任何成分，故正确答案为A。 Ⅴ．本组题考查同位语从句与定语从句的区别。that引导同位语从句时在从句中不作任何成分，只是用来解释或说明先行词的内容，而定语从句中的that在从句中作主语或宾语。第1小题是定语从句，因为tell缺直接宾语，故A和B项均正确；第2小题从句中不缺主、宾语，是同位语从句，故A项正确。 Ⅵ．本组题考查固定结构与定语从句的区别。第1小题是“It（This）is／was．．．time that＋从句”结构，意为“这是某人第几次干某事”，故A项正确；第2小题为时间作先行词的定语从句，故B项正确. 一Guess what! l came across an old friend at the party last night． —_______I’m sure you had a wonderful time． A．Sounds good! B。Very well． C．How nice! D．All right． 本题考查交际用语。根据语境拳处应是表非常欣慰、高兴的话语。Sounds good表“欣然接受别人的建议”；Very well用于回答别人的咨询、问候，如身体状况、工作进展情况等；All right表接受别人的建议，意思“行，好吧”。How nice意思是“真是太好了”。 Step 7 交际用语 13．(1)描述人物的感情 (Describing emotions)： Help! Don't worry． Well done! I’m afraid to Don't be afraid． You can do it． I'm afraid． I，ll be 0K／all right． Cone on! It scares me! It’s all right! That's better．／Keep trying Eg.一Guess what! l came across an old friend at the party last night． —_______I’m sure you had a wonderful time． A．Sounds good! B。Very well． C．How nice! D．All right． 本题考查交际用语。根据语境拳处应是表非常欣慰、高兴的话语。Sounds good表“欣然接受别人的建议”；Very well用于回答别人的咨询、问候，如身体状况、工作进展情况等；All right表接受别人的建议，意思“行，好吧”。How nice意思是“真是太好了”。 (2)按次序描述时间发生的过程(Describing sequences)： First,we went to Leshan． Next,we climbed Mount Emei． Then，we played with some monkeys． Finally，towards evening we were on the way back to Chengdu． Step 8 语言点练习 1.The thief went into the room, _________ and found nobody. A．looked around B．looking around C．looked at D．looking about 2.He is a man of ________ ideas and he often makes a careful plan ________. A．advanced;before advance B．advancing；in advance C．advanced：in advance D．advancing；in advance of 3.Seeing the______ flood，she was_______ to take the boat． A．scaring；scaring B．scared；scared C．scaring；scared D．scared；scaring 4.The goal ________ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him． A．with which B．against which C．for which D．for that 5.The fire hasn't been _______．It______ during the night only because the candle wasn't _________. A．put out；broke out：gone out C．put out；happened：put out B．put off；broke out：put out D．put out；happened：gone out 6.John________ the examination，which made his parents happy． A．got through B．carried on C．stuck to D．kept on 7.Jenny ________with him at that time，for I was having-dinner with her in my home． A．can't have been B．must be C．mustn't have been D．may be 8.You must run quickly，0r you won't________ the first train． A．seize B．catch C．seize hold of D．hold 9.In 1998，great floods________ the southern provinces of China． A．struck B．happened C．beat D．took place in 10.She was knocked down by a car and her shouts_______ the attention of the police． A．pulled B．dragged C．drew D．seized 11.They talked about everything and everybody______ they remembered. A. which B. that C. what D．all 12.—I’m too busy to go to the cinema with you, John. —_______The film is said to be a very good one． A．That's all right． B．I'm so sorry． C．What a shame! D．It doesn't matter 13.Moscow and Los Angeles have _______ the Olympic Games. A. held B. hosted C. taken place D. happened 13．一Guess what! l came across an old friend at the party last night． —_______I’m sure you had a wonderful time． A．Sounds good! B。Very well． C．How nice! D．All right． 14．Successful people are always good at¬¬¬_____the chance which ordinary people don't value． A．catching B．holding C．keeping D．seizing 15．I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning．She ＿＿at the meeting． A． mustn’t have spoken B． shouldn’t have spoken C． needn’t have spoken D． couldn’t have spoken 16．She _________ his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right． A．look up B．looked for C．picked out D．picked up 17．Eastern Areas have________ too many wars in the past fifty years． A．gone through B．got through C．1ooked through D．passed through 18．The criminal ________fire to a store and after a moment the whole store________ fire． A．made a：lit a B．set a：caught C．set；was on D．caught；was on 19．Don't worry．I'll help to _______ the guests． A．hold B．host C．wait D．accept 定语从句专练：选择最佳答案： 1．____ have plenty of money will help their friend. A.Those whoB.He whoC.That whoD.You who 2.This is the longest train _____ I have ever seen. A.whichB.that C.whatD.whom 3.____ we all know, swimming is a very good sport. A.WhichB.ThatC.AsD.Who 4.I shall never forget those years _____ I lived in the farm ____ you visited last week. A.when,whereB.which,which C.when , whichD.which , where 5.The radio set ___ last week has gone wrong. A.I bought it B.which I bought it C.I bought D.what I bought 6.He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned fot at least a year. A.these B.themC.thatD.which 7.The day will come _____ the people all over the world will win liberation. A.that B.where C.which D.when 8.Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who ____ in China. A.worksB.is workingC.are workingD.has been working 9.They talked for about an hour of things and persons ____ they remembered in the school. A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom 10.My glasses, ____ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke. A.whichB.with whichC.without whichD.that 11.He is a man of great experience, _____ much can be learned. A.who B.from him C.from whomD.whom 12.A harvester is a machine ____ we harvest crops or a person ____ is harvesting. A.which , whoB.that , that C.with which , whoD./, that 13.I have bought the same dress ____ she is wearing. A.asB.thatC.which D.what 14.In the police station I saw the man from ___ room the thief had stolen the TV set. A.whom B.which C.thatD.whose 15.Chapin, _____ money was now no problem , start a new film company with his friends. A.whose B.which C.for whomD.who 16.Please puttheletter _____ he can easily find it. A.in which B.where C.the place where D.in the place 17.The house ______ there is a big tree was built more than 1000 years ago. A.which B.thatC.in the front of whichD.in front of which 18.Antarctic ,____ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. A.whichB.where C.thatD.about which 19.The reason ____ I was away from school is ____ I was ill yesterday. A.that , that B.why , why C.why, thatD.that , why 20.It was a meeting ______ importance I didn’t realize at that time. A.whichB.of whichC.thatD.whose 21.She was ____ I met at the party , ___ you knew. A.who , whom B.whom , whoC.the one , as D.the one , whose 22.They have decided to stay at home, ____ , I think , ___ a wise choice. A.which , are B.which , is C.that , are D.that , is 23.All the apples ___ fell down were eaten by the pigs. A.thoseB.thatC.whichD.what 24.Did you see the man ____ ? A.I nodded just nowB.whom I nodded just now C.whom I nodded to himD.whom I nodded to just now 25.I, ___ your good friend, will try my best to help you. A.who isB.who am C.that is D.what is 26.---How do you like the book? ---It’s quite different from ____ I read last month. A.that B.whichC.the one what D.the one 27.Is oxgen the only gas ____ helps fire burn? A.thatB./C.whichD.it 28. I’ll tell you ___ he told me last week. A.all whichB.all whatC.that all D.all 29.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help. A.to whom B.who C.from whomD.that (NMET’92) 30.Willma became the first Americna woman to win three Olympic gold medals in track, _____ made her mother very happy. A.it B.that C.whichD.this (上海’91) 31.She heard a terible noise , ____brought her heart into her mouth. A.itB.whichC.thisD.that (NMET’ 91) 32.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ____ family was poor. A.of whom B.whom C.of whoseD.whose (NMET’ 89) 33.The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect. A.what B.which C.thatD.it (NMET’ 92) 34.After living in Paris for fifty years he retuened to the small town ___ he grew up as a child. A.which B.where C.that D.when(NMET’ 96) 35.I shall never forget those years ____ I lived in the country with the farmers, _____were very kind to me. A.that, which B.when , whichC.which , thatD.when , who (上海’ 94) 36.Alice received an invitation from her boss, ____ came as a surprise. A.itB.thatC.whichD.he (NMET’ 91) 37.Is this the house ______ Shakespeare was born? A. at where B. whichC. in which D. at which(88) 38.She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter. A. whom B. whereC. whichD. while(1995) 39.Carol said the work would be done by October, ______personally I doubt very much. A. it B. thatC. when D. which (99) 40.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy. A. who B. whichC. thisD. what (2000) 41.Have you seen the film “Titanic”, ______ leading actor is world-famous? A. its B. it’sC. whoseD. which(2001上海春季) 42.He is the only one of the students who ______ a winner of scholarship for three years. A. isB. are C. have been D. has been(2002上海春季) 43.Is this the reason ______ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A. he explainedB. what he explained C. how he explainedD. why he explained(2002上海春季) 44.The famous basketball star, ______ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. A. whereB. when C. which D. who(2002春季) 45.Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ______ I will always treasure.A. thatB. one C. itD. what(2002秋季) 46.We will be shown around the city: schools, museums and some other places, ______ other visitors seldom go. A. whatB. which C. where D. when(2002北京) Keys:1-5 ABCCC 6-10 DDCBC 11-15 CCADC 16-20 BCDCD 21-25 CBBDB 26-30 DADAC 31-35 BDBBD 36-40 CCDDB 41-45 CDADB 46 C |
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