| 2005年人教新高二教案学案一体化unit 8(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计) |
||||
| 中学英语教学资源网 → 英语教案 → 学案设计 手机版 | ||||
教学目的和要求 教学目的和要求 类别 课程标准要求掌握的项目 话 题 Talking about first aid and medicine 词 汇 aid drown bleed choke ink wire container electrical scream witness calm panic ambulance tip slight chest circulate circulation pulse wound blanket motorcycle sudden bite tap loose bandage explanation first aid catch fire keep in mind roll over in honour of in case of a list of 功 能 提出忠告(Giving advice) You should always．．． You should not．．． You must．．． You must never．．． Make sure that．．． Please don't．．． You ought to／should．．． You should never… You have to．．． Never… 语 法 虚拟语气(2) 1．表示与过去事实相反的条件和结果。例如： If I had known more about giving first aid，I could have helped them． If I had turned off the electric heater．the house would not have caught fire． 2．表示与将来事实可能相反的条件和结果。例如： If we were to panic．we would not be able to help． If we were to get hurt trying to save someone．we would not be able to help． Listening text (Teaching aims and demands) Teaching guide for the student’s book: Listening text: Two people have just arrived at the hospital, each with a child. A nurse is asking them questions. Part1 N= nurse ; F= father; H= Harry N: Can I help you? F: Yes. I wonder if you could look at Harry’s leg. N: What’s the matter with it? F: He was bitten by a dog yesterday evening. It was bleeding quite badly. N: Let’s have a look at it then. I see. What did you do before bringing him here? F: I washed the wound under running water for a few minutes. Then I dried it with a clean cloth and tied another piece of clean cloth around it. N: Have you had any pain? Does it hurt? H: Yes, it does hurt a bit. N: Was it your dog? H: No. It belongs to a neighbour. N: This is very important. The dog must be examined immediately. F: Why is that? The dog is usually very friendly. N: If the dog has a disease that makes it bite people, your son could die. Part2 N= Nurse ; M= Mother N: Can I help you? M: Yes. This is my daughter Jill. She’s two and a half. She’s drunk some ink. N: Some ink? When did this happen? M: About half an hour ago. N: Did you give her any first aid? M: No, I didn’t know what to do. I thought it might be poison so I brought her here at once. M: Yes, here it is. N: Do you know how much she drank? M: Well, the bottle was almost empty, so I think not very much. N: Right. I’ll take to the doctor. Come this way, please. Answers to Exercise 1: 1. Child1: The boy was bitten by a dog. Child2: The girl drank some ink. Answers to Exercise2: Child 1 Child 2 When did it happen? Yesterday evening. About half an hour ago. Was any first aid given? Yes. No. If so what was done? The father washed the wound. Dried it and tied a clean piece of cloth around it. Answers to Exercise3: 1 Can I help you? 2 What’s the matter with it? 3 What did you do before bringing him here? 4 Does it hurt? Teaching guide for the workbook LISTENING TEXT: Part: 1 C = Police Captain; O = Police Officer C: Johnson, come here, please. I have a job for you. O: Yes, sir. What's happened? C: There's been a traffic accident on West Side. A boy seems to have been hit by a car. Three policemen are there already and there are two eyewitnesses. Please go down there and see if you can find out exactly what happened and who caused the accident. O: Yes, sir. When did the accident happen? C: About half past four. O: And how many people were Involved in the accident? C: Only two, as far as we know. The boy was already sent to hospital with minor injuries. O: Where are the other policemen? C: They are by the intersection, on the east side. Part 2 P = Officer Pei; W = Officer Wang; A = Driver A; B = Woman on bicycle (Traffic noise in the background; not very loud, but in the pauses the occasional horns or bells can be heard. Driver A is shocked and scared; the woman on the bike is angry and upset.) P: Miss, please tell me what happened. B: I was on the eastern side of the crossing, turning north. Ahead of me in the bike lane was the poor boy. He was crossing the street to go to the western side when that man just ran straight into him. Oh, it was awful! P: Can you please tell me what the car was doing? B: It was waiting to turn right. P:I see. Where was the boy? B: He was standing behind the white line in the bike lane, waiting for the light to turn . P: Was he moving when the car hit him? B: No. He was just standing there. Poor boy! The car was moving much too fast and the driver didn't even look to see where he was going . W: Sir, please tell me what happened. A: Oh, it was terrible I'm so sorry. It wasn't my fault. W: We'll see about that later. Please just tell me what happened. A: I was waiting on the eastern side. I was turning right, heading north. I started turning right and suddenly this boy ran out in front of me on his bike. I had no time to stop, there was nothing I could do. W: Did you see the boy before you turned? A: No, no! He must have been riding too fast. There was no one waiting to cross the street when I looked. W: How fast would you say you were going? A: Oh, not very fast. I had stopped and was just beginning to turn when I hit the boy. Really, you know how boys are m they don't watch where they're going. Answers to Exercise 1: 1 The accident happened on the west side at around half past four. 2 A boy was hit by a car. 3 The boy on a bike was injured and sent to hospital. 4 There were two eyewitnesses. Answers to Exercise 2: 1 hit 2 what happened, who caused 3 involved 4 injuries Answers to Exercise 3: Answers to Exercise 4: The woman says that the car ran into the boy. She blames the driver for causing the accident. The driver says that it wasn't his fault. He says that he was driving slowly and that the boy was being careless. The students must decide who is responsible for the accident. It seems likely that the man wasn't as careful as he should have been. The eyewitness is upset and clearly blames the driver, but she may just be angry and shocked. Ask the students to support their answers with examples from real traffic, situations.(ie Are young people on bikes usually careless? Do drivers sometimes go too fast and fail to pay attention to people on bikes?) (Passage 1) 1. By saying "Seconds count in an emergency," the writer means _____. A. time is very important B. you can count numbers by the second C. time is life D. to be calm "down, in an emergency, just say numbers by the second 2. What should you do if you want to do first aid correctly ? A. Learn with a teacher. B. Remember the letters DR ABC. C. Stay calm. D. All of the above. 3. According to the passage, people in the accident ______. A. can be helped by anyone who'd like to do so B. should be waken up as soon as possible C. should be put in the recovery position when having been given first aid D. can be given first aid even without checking the DR ABC (Passage 2) 4. What is the best way to deal with a poisoned person? A. Giving correct first aid as soon as possible. B. To telephone the First Aid Center quickly. C. Searching for any poison containers and sending them to the hospital. D. To get him/her to spit out the poison in his/her mouth. 5. What should you have to do first when dealing with animal bites, burns and simple cuts? A. See a doctor as soon as possible. B. Cover the wound. C. Stop the bleeding. D. Wash the wound. 6. We learn from the passage that _____. A. if we are careful enough, nothing bad will happen to us B. if accidents happen, we can just depend on doctors C. if an accident were to happen, we should know what to do D. if we know first aid, we can manage the burns 1.2 主旨大意 7. Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea of Passage 1 ? A. DR ABC should be remembered. B. Remembering the letters DR ABC is enough for firs aid. C. Why first aid is important and what the letters DR ABC stand for in an emergency. D. What the letters DR ABC mean. 8. Passage 2 states ______. A. how to deal with common injuries B. why first aid is the best way to deal with common injuries C. what can be done when accidents happens D. what kinds of common injuries would happen 1.3 推理判断 9. In Passage 1, the author seems to be ______ . A. explaining the meaning of the letters DR ABC B. telling us the importance of the first aid C. giving some basic information about first aid D. showing the importance of DR ABC 10. We can infer from Passage 2 that _______ . A. only these common injuries mentioned in the passage may happen in daily life B. the importance of learning first aid in our daily life should be paid more attention to C. how to deal with the common injuries D. the advice given by the author is the common way but Effective 1.C 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. C 7.C 8. A 9. C 10. B Language points: 1. aid 帮助 with the aid of a friend在朋友的帮助下 legal aid法律援助 a hearing aid助听器teaching aids教具visual aid视觉教具 【拓展】 first aid急救 do／give／offer first aid(to sb．)进行急救；施行急救 eg：He hurt his leg during the football match，and some of us gave him first aid． 他在足球比赛中伤了脚，我们几个人对他进行了急救。 She was badly injured．First aid was immediately offered． 她受了重伤。人们立即对她进行了急救。 〔辨析〕help／aid／assistance表示“帮助”的区别 help指给人的精神或物质上的帮助，强调受助者的需要，有利于达到一定的目的或目标；aid表示经济或其他方面给予的帮助或援助，多指强者(或足够者)援助弱者，多用于团体；assistance多指个人给予道义、知识、物质等方面的帮助，所提供的帮助往往只起辅助作用。 [考题] He is so kind a boy that he often _____ clean the table．even the furniture． A．aided B．helped C．assisted D．offered [解析] 本题考查表示“帮助”的三个动词的区别(A、B、c)。其 实他们的区别与名词差不多，只不过在动词的用法上有所区别：help后面复合不定式的to可以省去。本题的考点即是如此。若选c则clean前加to。[答案] B 2．drown 使淹死；淹没 eg：He tried to drown her in a bathtub． 他试图使她溺死在浴缸里。 The man drowned himself in the lake．那人投湖自杀了。 常用于被动语态中：be／get drowned eg： The streets got drowned by the floods．街道被洪水所淹没。 2. choke (1)窒息 eg：He choked(to death)on a fish bone．鱼刺把他卡住窒息(致死)。 (2)(掐住或阻塞气管)；使(某人)停止呼吸；(指烟等)使(某人)难以呼吸；呛 eg：The fumes almost choked me．烟雾几乎把我呛死。 choke the life out of sb．扼死某人 【拓展】 choke(with sth．)(使某人)说不出来 eg：She was choking with emotion．她激动得说不出话来。 choke sth．back克制，抑制．忍住 eg：choke back one's tears忍住眼泪 choke sth．down困难地咽下某物 4.含有fire的词组小结 Be on fire 在燃烧 catch fire着火了 Set fire to sth.＝set sth。on fire纵火烧。。。。。。。 Go through water and fire赴汤蹈火 play with fire 玩火；自找危险 fire sb. 向。。。。。。。开火；解雇某人 In that terrible rebellion, a great many houses were set _____,most of which were burnt _____ the ground. A.fire; B.a fire ;on C.fire to; to D. on fire;down 解析：由主语是“房子”来看，此题测试被动语态中的搭配问题。set fire to sth.的被动语态应该为 sth. is set fire to; burn sth. to the ground sth.is burnt to the ground 该题在被动式中测试固定用法。我们不妨把它还原成主动式，这样便一目了然。答案 C 5.Never leave small things a baby can put in its mouth on the floor or table. 丢在地板上或桌子上，以防婴儿放入口中。 (1)leave sth. with sb.把某物留给某人，接双宾语 (2)leave sth. to sb.=leave sb. sth 把某物暂时托付给某人 (3)leave…open 让。。。。。。。开着 (4) leave alone 不理会不管 (5) leave…as it is /as they are 任其自然 6．witness (1)n.①目击者 eg：I was a witness to their quarrel． 我是他们吵架时的目击者。 ②(在法庭上经宣誓的)证人 eg：a witness for the defence／prosecution 被告的／原告的证人 ③见证人 eg: Will you act as a witness to the agreement between us? 您作我们协议签署时的见证人行吗? (2)vt．当场见到(某事物)；目击 eg：witness an accident We were witnessing the most important scientific development of the century. 亲眼见到本世纪最重要的科学发展。 (1) witness to sth．(在法庭等上)作证 eg：witness to the truth of a statement证明某言语属实 7.quiet／silent／calm／still表示“静”的区别 quiet寂静的，安静的，强调外在的安静，无吵闹．噪音 silent安静，侧重没有人声的、沉默的 calm既可指人又可指外界环境，既可指内在的也可指外在的 still不动的，强调无动作、无姿势的改变 She’s a quiet girl．她是个安静的女孩。 Keep quiet／silent，please．请安静 ◇[考题10] Attention，please．And keep——when I am taking a photograph of you． A．calm B．quiet C．still D．silent [解析] 从句子语气看，这应该是一个摄影师对被照相的人说的 话。当给人拍照时，要求对静止不动(比如眨眼、转头、走动等动作上 的活动都不要进行)，否则会影响拍照的效果。再从左栏中四个近义词的辨别看出本题最佳答案。 [答案] C 8．panic (1)（使人或动物）受惊 eg：The gunfire panicked the horses．枪声惊吓了 马。 【警示】 panic sb. into doing sth． 使人(因惊慌)仓促做(蠢事)此短语常用于被动语态。 eg：The banks were panicked into selling sterling．银行因恐慌 而抛售英国货币。 (2)n. [C，U]恐慌，惊慌 eg：be in a(state of)panic(about sth．)(对某事)惊慌失措 9.respond (1)(以口头或书面方式)回答 eg：She asked where he'd been，but he didn't respond． 她问他到什么地方去了，他却不回答。 (2)(对某事物或对他人的行动)反应，回应，响应 eg：I kicked the dog，which responded by growling／with a growl． 我踢了那条狗，它便狂吠起来。 (3)(对某人／某事物)反应灵敏；易(为某人／某事物)控制 eg：The car responds well to the controls．这辆汽车操纵灵敏。 Animals respond to kindness．动物受到善待能做出反应。 〔辨析〕answer／reply／respond表示“回答” 的区别 answer指以口头、书面或其他方式回答或反应； reply正式用词，多表示经过考虑，一一答复所提的问题或论点； respond正式用词，表示“回答”用得较少，多指对外界刺激迅速而自然地作出反应。 We answered(=replied t0)him that we would start at once．我们答复他说我们将马上出发。 例题 ①。The young man responded to the insult ______ a punch. A. on B.with C.in D.to 答案：B 分析：respond to +名词+ with+n.“以。。。。。。。对。。。。。。。回应”。根据题意B项符合句意。 ②．The manager responded ____ my suggestion with a laugh. A. for B. of C. in D.to 答案：D 分析：respond to 意为“回答。。。 。。。”，本题意为“经理以笑回答我的建议”。 10.conscious adj. (1)感觉到的，意识到的；清醒的 He was in a coma for days, but now he’s (fully) conscious again. 他昏迷了几天，但现在又（完全）清醒了。 (2)conscious of/that…知道的；觉察的，注意到的 Are you conscious of how people will regare such behaviour? 你知道人们对这种行为是怎样看待的吗？ Aren’t you ___ of your faults? A.awaken B.realised C. conscious D.sensed 答案 C 分析：A,B,D项词性均为动词，故排除，C项 conscious作为“觉察到的”之意是后跟介词of。 11. wear out穿／用旧；使疲惫不堪；消磨掉 (be)worn out破旧的；精疲力竭的；坏的 Children weal-out their shoes quickly． 孩子们的鞋很快就穿破了。 The old clock finally wore out．老钟用坏了。 The game wore him out．比赛使他精疲力竭。 How can we wear out this dull afternoon? 我们怎样才能打发这个无聊的下午呢? ◇[考题13] If Tim carries on working 1ike that，he’ll_____ sooner or later．(2002年重庆诊断题) A．turn out B．keep out C．hold out D．wear out [解析] 本题考查含副词out的动词词组。turn out'‘结果是”。 keep out"不让……进来”，hold out"伸出”，均不符合语境体现出来的“如果吉姆继续像那样工作的话，他迟早会精疲力竭的。” 12.tip 的一词多义 （1）n．梢尖端 vt。包捎 from tip to toe 从头到尾 tipped cigarettes 过滤嘴香烟 on the tip of one’s tongue 话到嘴边却说不出来 It was on the tip of my tongue to tell him。（＝I almost told him。）我差一点就告诉他了。 （2）vt。倾斜；倒掉vi.翻倒 n 翻车（斗） tip one’s head to one side 把头歪向一边 The table tipped up。桌子翘起来了。 tipcart 翻斗车 （3）vt。 拍 vi.踮着脚走；给小费 n。 小费；提示 tip sb。a song 给某人唱歌 Tom ____ the waitress for her good service. A. pays B.costs C.affords D.tips 〔解析〕“因为服务小姐的优质服务，汤姆给了她小费”。tip 意为“给小费”，其他选项都无此含义。答案 D If you want to be successful in the end,you should study hard from ____ to toe. A.beginning B.tip C. starting D.head 〔解析〕“从头至尾，自始至终”有很多种表示方法：from A to Z from tip to toe， from the beginning to the finishing等等。答案 B 13.“in +n.+of”的词组小结 in honour of 为了纪念；以。。。。。。。的名义 in praise of赞美 in need of 需要in place of 代替；用。。。。。。。而不用 in memory of纪念 in case of 以防万一 in front of在。。。。。。。（内部）前面 in favor of 支持 Washington, a state in the United States, was named ____one of the greatest American presidents A. in honour of B.instead of C.in favour of D.by means of 解析此题考查介词词组的运用。Instead of 意义为“反而是”，by means of表示：借助……的方式“，与 in favor of 一起，不合题意：”城市华盛顿是为了纪念总统而命名的 。” 14.reathe呼吸 eg：It’s good for the health to breathe deeply． 深呼吸对健康有好处． breathe hard／heavily费力的喘气，喘大气 breathe in／out吸气／吐气 breath n．呼吸 eg：He took a hold one's deep breath．=He breathed deeply. hold one’s breath 屏息 out of breath 喘不过气的 lose one’s breath 喘不过气来 一He breathed deeply．他深深地吸了一口气。 After he got to the top of the mountain, he was ____. A.out of breath B.out breath C.held his breath D. took his breath 15.mouth-to-mouth是一个合成词，意为“口对口的”。 eg：Using the mouth—to—mouth way is the best one． 口对口吹气是最好的方法。 类似的合成词还有： face-to—face面对面的 heart-to-heart贴心的，坦率的 shoulder to shoulder肩并肩地 hand in hand 手拉手地 arm in arm 臂挽臂地 They had a heart-to-heart discussion about it. 就此事他们进行了坦率的讨论。 16.count in把……算在内 eg：If you're all going to the party，you can count me 如果你们都去参加聚会，可以把我也算上。 【拓展】 count down倒数计秒 count on sb．／sth．依靠，依赖，信赖或指望某人／某物 count sb．／sth．out逐个数东西 count up to sth．达到某总数，共计 See how many plates we have, but don’t ___ the cracked ones. A. count in B. count on C. count towards D. count down 答案A 分析：count in 意为“把……计算在内”，count on“依靠，依赖”，count down “倒数记秒” 17. on the way即将到来 ;通常在句中作表 eg：Christmas is on the way．圣诞节即将到来。 Better weather is on the way．天气很快就会转好的。 常与介词to连用，后接名词或动名词。 eg：He is on the way to success．他就要成功了。 He is on the way to getting well．他快痊愈了。 18.roll诚滚动；滚滚而来；流逝；收拢；(眼睛)转动 The marble rolled across the floor．珠子沿着地面滚动。 The years roll 0n．岁月流逝。 roll over翻滚过来 eg：Roll it over and look at the other side．翻过来看那一边。 【拓展】 roll down滚下 roll in滚滚而来，大量涌来，不期然到达 roll on(指时间)不断地流逝，赶快来到 roll up(指人或车辆)到达 含roll的词组有： get…rolling使……取得进展 keep the ball rolling使保持活跃 roll in大量涌来 roll over翻身；打滚 start the ball rolling使活跃起来 ◇[考题4] Every time Stephen ____ ，he pulled over more ofthe bedclothes to his side． A．rolled back B．rolled in C．rolled over D．rolled up [解析]bedclothes表示“被褥”，语境表示：他每一次“转身”时，都把被子卷到他那边去一点，而不是“卷起来(roll back)”，“涌进(roll in)”或“卷起(某物)(roll up)”。 如：(1)He rolled the papers up．他把报纸卷起来了。 (2)Let’s roll back the carpets and have a dance． 让我们把地毯卷起来开个舞会。 19. 重点语段分析 The most important thing to keep in mind when dealing with an emergency Is to stay calm．1f we were to panic，we would not be able to help．By staying calm we will be able to think what to do and make better decisions．We can also prepare for an emergency by learning more first aid．Calling an ambulance or the police is important，but there is more we can and should do．If we know how to respond，we can save lives. 处理紧急事故时要记住的最重要的一件事就是保持镇定。如果我们惊慌失措就不可能有所帮助。而保持镇定我们就可以思考要采取什么措施，做出明智决定。我可以通过学习更多的紧急救助知识来为可能出现的紧急状况做准备。叫救护车或是很重要的，但我们还要更多可以做和应该帮的事。如果我们知道如何应对，就能够总结如下：一般来说，省略现象多出现于下列五种状语从句：由when，while，as，before，after，till，until，once等引导的时间状语从whether等引导的条件状语从句；由though，although，even if，疑问词步状语从句；由as，than引导的比较状语从句；由as，as if，as though从句。 上述状语从句在省略时，并不是任何成分都可以省略，而是遵循一定的原则： (1)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be，这时从句中可出现如下结构： ①连词(as，as if，once)+名词 eg：As(he was)a child，he lived in India．他小的时候住在印度。 ②连词(though，whether，when)+形容词 eg：Work hard when(you are)young，or you'll be regretted． 当(你)年轻时努力工作，否则你将会后悔的。 ③连词(whether，as if，while)+介词短语 eg：He looked everywhere as if(he was)in search of something． 他到处看，好像在寻找什么东西。 ④连词(when，while，though)+现在分词 eg：While(1 was)walking along the street，I heard my name called． 当(我)沿街走时，我听到有人喊我的名字。 ① 连词(when，if，even if，unless，once，until，than，as)+过去分词 eg：The exhibition is more interesting than(it was)expected． 那展览比预料的要有趣得多。 ② 连词(as if，as though)+不定式 eg：He opened his lips as if(he were)to say something． 他张开嘴好像要说什么。 (2)当从句中的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有系动词be时，可以把it和系动词be省略。此时构成连词(if，unless，when，whenever)+形容词结构： eg：Unless(it is)necessary，you'd better not refer to the dictionary． 除非有必要，你最好不要参考字典。 另外我们还可以用so或not代替上文内容，此时可用if+so／not Get up early tomorrow．If not(you don't get up early)，you will 明天要早起。如果不这样(你不早起)，你会误早班车的。 He may not be at home then，if so(he is not at home)，leave him a note.能不在家，要是这样(他不在家)，给他留一个便条。 Think it about ____ free,and you will find a good way to solve the problem A．unless B.as C. when D.if You should study harder than before ._ ___ ____,you will fail in the exam. A．If not B．When you not C．If you not D．When not 20.woven weave n(1)机织，编；编织，编制，织结，织成 eg：She was weaving a carpet．她在织地毯。 ， The material is woven of cotton．那料子是棉织的。 (2)编，编排，编造(故事，计划等) eg：The writer wove an interesting story out of the event． 那位作家把那事件编成了一个有趣的故事。 (3)(将……)编进(事实，想法等) eg：weave one’s way(在人群中)穿梭而行 He wove his early experiences into his speech． 他把年轻时的经历融人他的演讲。 The writer ____ his ideas into a story． A．made up B．wove C．put D．made 21.flow out(of sth．)外流 eg：Profits are flowing out of the country．利润源源不断地流向同外。 【拓展】 flow from sth．源于某事物；为某事物的结果 eg：When the concert was over，a lot of people flowed from the hall． 音乐会结束时，很多人从音乐厅涌。 flow in／into sth．不断涌人 eg：Offers of help flowed into the office． 人们接连不断地涌人办公室表示愿意提供帮助。 flow n．流动量，流量 eg：a steady flow of traffic川流不息的来往车辆 22. sudden adj．突然的；出其不意的 suddenly adv．突然地；忽然地 all of a sudden=suddenly突然地 The sudden storm took everyone by surprise． 突如其来的暴风雨使每个人大吃一惊。 His decision to get married is rather sudden! 他要结婚的消息太突然了! Suddenly(=all of a sudden)there was a knock in the door．突然有人敲门。 ◇[考题2] An of ____ sudden，I caught ______ sight of my English teacher in the crowd，smiling t0 me．I calmed down． A．a；不填 B．a；a C．不填；a D．不填；不填(2002年全国高考题) [解析] 本题考查固定词组中的冠词问题：all 0f a sudden(=suddenly)与catch sight 0f(=see)均为固定词组。[答案]A 23. get sb•to do，get sb．／sth．doing和get sb．／sth．done get sb．to do要某人做某事 get sb．／sth．doing使某人／某物动起来 get sb．／sth．done请人做某事；某人或某物被／受…… Get someone to hold the ladder for you．请个人给你扶梯子。 l can’tget the machine running．这台机器我开不起来。 I have to get my TV set repaired．我得让人修电视机。 针对性训练： The wall is quite dirty．Get it ___ ，please． A．painting B．paint C．be painted D．painted 答案 D 分析：get sth。 done 相当于 have sth。done，“使某物被………” 25.虚拟语气(二) 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法，英语中有两种条件句，真实条件句和非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示所提出的假设可实现的可能性极小或与事实相反，在这种非真实条件句中，渭语动词用虚拟语气。具体形式和用法归纳如下： 1•对现在情况的假设(与现在情况相反)：if从句中的谓语动词用一般过去式(如果是be，一律用were)，主句中的渭语动词用should／would／could／might+ v． eg：lf the weather were fine，they would go for a swim． 如果天气好，他们就去游泳了。(事实上天气不好) If we had time now we should(would)read it again． 要是现在有空，我们就把它再看一遍。(事实上我们现在没有空) 2．表示与过去事实相反的情况(对过去情况的假设)：if从句巾的谓语动词用had+ p．p．(过去分词)，主句中的谓语动词用should／would／could／might have+ p．p． eg：If I had taken his advice，I should(would)not have made such a mistake． 如果我听了他了他的忠告，就不会犯这样的错误了。(事实上当初我没有听他的忠告) He wouldn't have been able to write such a good novel if he hadn't lived among the the wokers for so many year. 假如他不是和工人一起生活这么多年，他不可能写出这样好的小说(事实上当时他和工人生活在一起)。 3．对将来情况的假设(表示将来实现可能性不大)：if从句中的谓语动词可以用三种形式； 即：should+v．，were to+v．，和动词的过去式，主句中的谓语动词用should／would／could／might +v (完成句子) If you dropped the glass，it would break． 杯子摔下来会打碎的。(事实上不会摔下来) If l were to go to the moon some day，I could see the surface of the moon with my own eyes．=If I should go to the moon some day，…=If 1 went to the moon some day…。 要是有一天我上了月球，就能亲眼看到月球的表面是什么样子。 【警示】如果说话人认为If从句所表示的是事实(客观存在的情况或实现可能性很大的假设)，全句就可以用陈述句语气。 eg：If you do it once more，you will do it better． 如果你再做一遍，你就会做得更好。(事实上完全可以再做一遍) If it had not been for the help of our teacher，we should not have made so much progress． 如果不是老师的帮助，我们就不会取得这么大的进步。 If it had not been for me．you would not be free． 要不是我，你就不会自由。 I 注意：虚拟语气条件句可以省略if而把were，had或should移至主语之前。但如果从句中没有were，had或should，则不能。 eg： Were I you，1 would go． 如果我是你的话，我就去。(事实上 ,我不可能是你) Had Had he recognized me，he would have come over． 如果他认出了我，他早就走过来了。(事实上他并没有认出我) 【警示】有时虚拟条件不用条件句而用介词短语，动词不定式等来表示。 eg： Without air，there wouldn't be living things in the world． 没有空气，世上就没有生物。 It would be a good idea to go swimming at the Summer Palace． 到颐和园去游泳是个好主意。 2．其他类型虚拟语气小结 (1)主语从句中。 ’ r过去分词 It is+{形容词 +that+主语+(should)do 【名词 这类动词有：insist，demand．request，require，order，propose． command，ask，advise，recommend，desire，suggest以及urge等。 记忆方法：取每个单词的首字母构成一句话： I drop cards．我掉了好多卡片。 这类形容词有：important，necessary，natural，strange， surprising，better，best等。 这类名词有：a pity，no wonder，a shame以及上述表命令要求的词的相应名词形式。 (2)宾语从句中 在表示愿望、要求、建议、命令等意义的词(如demand。wish，a8k，require，request，suggest，insist，order)后面的宾语从句中，以及这些词的名词形式后形成的主语、表语、同位语从句中虚拟用法用should do(be done)或去掉8hould直接用d0(bedone)来表示(注意，不可用would)。 (3)在it is(high)time+that从句中的虚拟形式常用过去式来表示。 (4)在thought．for fear that(以免)，in case(万一，如果)，so that，in order that，supposing(假如)等引出的状语从句中，可以用虚拟语气来表示谓语的变化。 Supposing I accepted your sift，what would you say? (用if从句变化，用倒退时态表达)假如我接受了你的礼物，你会说什么? (5)省去if从句的虚拟形式。 He could(1llisht)have become a rich man(if he hadwantedt0)． 他本来能够(可以)成为大富翁的(如果他想的话)。 (6)省去主句的虚拟形式(=主语+wish+虚拟的宾语从句)。 If only my mother remained alive now． 要是我母亲现在还在世多好! If only it were Sunday today．今天要是星期天就好了。 (7)在表示祝愿的句子中用may+sb…．d0句型表示虚拟结构。 May you succeed and may you be healthy! 祝你成功也祝你健康。 Long live Chairman Mao!(1ive用原型动词形式)毛主席万岁! (8)在主语+would rather+that宾语从句中，用动词过去式表示虚拟形式。 1 would rather you didn't tell him about it when you see him tomorrow．我宁可不愿你明天见到他时告诉他此事。 1 would rather you went there tomorrow instead of me． 我宁愿让你明天去而不是我去。 [例1They talked as though they——there at that time． A．is B．should be C．had been D．was [解析] 本题考查虚拟语气在as though和as if引导的状语从句中的用法。首先要掌握as if与as though引导的状语从句中谓语动词的表现形式。当as if，as though引导的状语从句表示虚拟比较或方式时，从句的谓语动词形式与wish后宾语从句谓语动词形式相同。句意为：他们聊天的那个样子好像当时他们就在现场一样。[答案]c [例2] I——not tell you about the news． A．would rather B．should rather C．rather D．could rather [解析]本题考查虚拟语气在习惯表达中的应用。首先要掌握常出现在日常会话中的虚拟语气的动词形式。情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，常用于一些习惯表达中。would rather表示“主观的选择”。句意为“我宁愿不告诉你这条消息。”[答案] A [例3] ____ you mind my smoking here? A．Will B．Would C．May D．Need [解析]本题考查日常口语中虚拟语气的用法。情态动词would。could常用于现在时，表示说话人谦虚、有礼貌或委婉的语气。句意为“你是否介意我在这儿吸烟?”[答案] B [例4] I’d rather you _____ anything about if for the time being． A．do B．didn’t d0 C．don、 D．didn't [解析] 本题考查虚拟语气的用法。当would rather+(that)引导从句时，从句中谓语动词的形式是动词的过去式。句意为“我宁愿你目前对这件事不采取任何行动。”[答案]B [例5] The Emperor gave the two cheats some gold in order that they ____ their work at once． A．may begin B．can begin C．might begin D．should begin [解析] 本题考查目的状语从句的虚拟语气的用法。要掌握so that，in order that引导的目的状语从句中的谓语动词形式。用于so that ，in order that引导的目的状语从句中，动词形式应为may(might，can，could)+动词原形。如果目的状语从句是否定式，从句中谓语动词常用shouldn’t形式。句意为“皇帝给了那两个骗子一些金子，以便他们能立刻开始干活。”[答案]c [例6](2002年上海高考题) It is bard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if ___ in love at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown． A．wouldn't have fallen B．had not fallen C．should fall D．were to fall [解析]根据句意和I would be doing可以判断这是虚拟语气。at the age of seven是表示过去的时间状语，if从句中的谓语要用had not fallen，表示对过去情况的假设。这句话的意思是“如果我不在七岁时就迷恋上了我们家乡的Melinda Cox图书馆，我真不能想象我今天会做什么。”由于主句中的谓语表示对现在的虚拟，条件句中的谓语表示对过去情况的 虚拟，增加了试题的难度，但是，使用排除法可以容易地做出该题：should fall和were to fall都可以用于条件句中表示对将来的虚拟；wouldn't have fallen不用于条件句中，所以都不能作为答案。[答案] B [例7](2001年上海春季高考题)He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _____ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would scored D. would have scored 〔解析〕根据otherwise 可以判断出要用虚拟语气。表示过去发生的事要用would have scored。 这句话的意思是“在踢球前他犹豫了一会儿，否则他就会射中球门。”[答案] D [例8](2000年全国高考题)If only he—quietly a8 the doctor instructed，he would not suffer so much now．] A．1ies B．1ay C．had lain D．should lie [解析] 此题在时间上主句和从句是不一致的，那就不能像规则那样保持形式上的一致，即：主语用would +have done；从句用had + done的形式。从句中的事实是与过去相反，因此需要过去完成时。[答案] c [例9] When a pencil is partly in a glass of water，it looks as if it______ A．breaks B．had been broken C．were broken D．is broken 【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。题意为“当铅笔一部分放人一杯水中时，它看上去好像断了似的”。as if后接从句 时，如果情况与事实相反，：从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。如与现在事实相反，用一般过去时，be动词要用were；如与过去事实相反，用过去完成时。此题叙述的事明显与现在事实相反，故用一般过去时were broken。 答案为C。又如本单元课文中的一句话：One of the passengers was on the ground．It looked as if she were dead． [例10] It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ___in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown． A．wouldn't have fallen B．had not fallen C．should tall D．were to fall 【分析】本题考查虚拟语气。题意是“假如我七岁时没有喜欢上家乡的Melinda Cox图书馆，我现在很难想象出我今天在做什么”。很明显if从句表达的意思与过去事实相反，而主句与现在事实相反，因此讧从句中要用过去完成时表示虚拟语气，故答案为B。又如本单元课文中的一句话：If I had known more about giving first aid，I could have helped him．【答案】B [例11] _______you be interested in our offer，please contact us． A．Would B．Should C．Might D．Could 【分析】本题考查情态动词的用法。题意为“假如你对我们的报价感兴趣，请与我们联系”。要注意此题的前半句用了倒装语序，根据语法规则判断：if从句中用了虚拟语气，并省略了if，然后句子采用倒装。当if从句中含有should，were，had等情态动词、系动词或助动词时，句子才能省略if，并使用倒装。故此题只有should符合要求，此时should有“万一，一旦，如果”之意。答案为B。 又如本单元课文中的一句话：Should a person be breathing but not conscious．it is usually best if he or she not be moved． 习题 1.单项填空 1. His words were _________ out by loud cheers from the crowd． A．drowned B．crowded C．expressed D．cried 2.The last half of the nineteenth century ________ the steady improvement in the means of travel． A．has witnessed B．was witnessed C．witnessed D．is witnessed 3.The question will also calm the person，______ him or her know that help is on the way. A．to let B．1ets C．1etting D．to have let 4.______ you run into John，tell him he owes me a letter? A．Would B．Should C．Could D．Might 5.If we were to get hurt ____ to save someone，we would not be able to help． A．to try B．trying C．to have tried D．having tried 6.They have put the bird in a cage to ______it from flying away． A．prevent B．avoid C．defend D．hold 7.The little girl was seriously burnt when her dress _____. A．caught fire B．caught a fire C．made a fire D．set on fire 8.At this point I cannot undertake to accept your suggestion，but I will keep it _____. A．on mind B．to mind C．off mind D．in mind 9.Do remember：always keep_____ in an emergency. A．still B．quiet C．silent D．calm 10.There was a _____ in the cinema when the fire broke out． A．cheer B．panic C．alarm D．move 11. The Spring Festival is ____.We should get prepared for a celebration now． A．in the way B．by the way C．on the way D．under way 12.I am on the way _____ the most highly paid man in the company． A．of becoming B．to become C．to becoming D．into becoming 13.The socks are so ____that they can't be mended any more． A．used up B．worn out C．tired out D．broken out 14.Don't touch the hot pan，or else you'll get _____. A．to burn B．to be burnt C．burnt D．burning 15.After reading a book or a magazine in the reading-room, put it back___ it was． A．what B．which C．that D．where 16． How much you read is not very important. It is what you read that __A___. A. counts B. minds C. values D. means 17.The doctor recommended that I ___A__ here for the sunshine before I started for home. A. come B. came C. would come D. had to come 18. __D__ you would drop in, I would have stayed home,waiting for you. A. Had I known B. I had known C. Were I to know D. Did I know 19.Finally he _B____ to get a passport and escape to South Africa,where he was living under an African name. A. tried B. managed C. planned D. attempted 20.He shook his head as if ____ “no” . A. said B. to say C. was saying D. had said 21.Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will ____ fresh for several days. A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed 22.The girl witnessed _____ the man burst into the bank on a dark night the week before last. A. to see B. seeing C. to seeing D. having seen 23.If I ____ your advice,I ____ so much trouble. A. had taken~ would not have met B. took~ would not have met C. have taken~ would not meet D. take~ will not have met 2. 短文改错 Dear Lily, I got your letter and pleased to hear about your job 1. interview at a grocery store. I know you wanted to 2. get the job at a TV station,but you've been looking 3. for several week now and haven't found anything. 4. The job at the grocery store doesn't sound badly. If I5. am you,I'd take it. If you worked there a while,you 6. could earn some money. Its your decision,of course, 7. but I advise you to take it. Let me to know whatyou 8. decided to do. By the way,after you get the job you 9. can think about get a bike later. 10. Love, Dad 测 试 题 一．单项填空 1. My father my brother for driving but he wanted to pick the knowledge of the computer during his spare time. A. advised; up B. persuaded; out C. intended; up D. managed; out 2. The teacher asked more to prevent the student's eyes from A. to do; injuring B. done ;injuring C. to be done; being injured D. being done ; being injured 3. The sales boy thought he could persuade the boss of the company __ buying some e-books. A. about B. into C. to D. on 4. I told Sally to fix him up with this job, but perhaps I for her. A. must have written it out B. should have written it out C. ought to write it out D. had to write it out 5. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he badly wounded and that he at once. A. should be; be operated on B. were ; must be operated on C. was ; should be operated D. was ; be operated on 6. I advised that he to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he quite well then. A. be sent;was feeling B. was sent;felt C. he sent;feel D. should be sent; should feel 7. for the doctor's careful treatment, he till last year. A. If it is not, can't live B. Were it not; couldn't live C. Had it not been; couldn't have lived D. If they were not; couldn't live 8.--Did your uncle fly to Paris directly? --No, he travelled from Hong Kong London. A. through B. by way of C. across D. on way of 9. While he was in his college days he used to long hair. A. dress B. wear C. remain D. grow 10. The happy look on his face that he had passed the final examination successfully. A. explained B. suggested C. expressed D. described 11.--The plane is due to take off at 7:50 from the airport. -- we fail to arrive there in time? --Try to take another flight then. A. What if B. As if C. Even if D. Only if 12.--What's your opinion? --I suggest that the meeting at some other time. A. held B. being held C. be held D. to be held 13.-- Don't answer me with a simple "yes" or " no". Explain possible. --Yes, I'll try my best. A. whoever B. whenever C. however D. whatever 14. Is this the reason at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained 15. You'd better practise reading aloud every morning. , you can improve your English. A. In this way B. By the way C. On the way D. In a way 二．完形填空 As the plane circled over the airport, everyone sensed that something was wrong. The plane was 16 slowly but unsteadily through the air, and although the passengers had 17 their seat belts they were suddenly 18 forward. At that moment, the airhoatess appeared. She looked very 19 , but she was quite 20 . Speaking quickly but almost in a whisper, she informed everyone that the 21 had blocked out and asked if any of the passengers 22 anything about machines or 23 how to drive a car. After a moment' s thinking a man got up and followed the 24 into the pilot' s room. Moving the pilot on the side, the man 25 his seat and 26 carefully to the demanding 27 that were being sent by 28 from the airport below. The plane was now 29 close to the ground, but before the passengers got their 30 , it soon began to 31 . The man had to circle the airport several times to become 32 with the controls. But the danger had not yet passed. The plane was 33 towards the airfield. It shook violently as it touched the ground, but 34 . Outside, a crowd of people rushed forward to .congratulate the " pilot" 35 his successful landing. 16. A. moving B. running C. taking off D. landing 17. A. had B. taken C. tied D. fastened 18. A. put B. thrown C. taken D. suffered 19. A. beautiful B. sad C. weak D. pale 20. A. skilled B. thin C. calm D. worried 21. A. pilot B. engineer C. rider D. conductor 22. A. mastered B. knew C. understood D. learned 23. A. in fact B. in time C. at least D. at last 24. A. way B. instruction C. host D. girl 25. A. took B. sat C. got D. held 26. A. looked B. spoke C. listened D. said 27. A. introductions B. instructions C. calls D. pictures 28. A. air B. telegram C. television D. radio 29. A. gradually B. luckily C. merely D. specially 30. A. spirit B. breath C. body D. prayer 31. A. fly B. shake C. climb D. fall 32. A. satisfied B. helpful C. familiar D. well-known 33. A. followed B. guided C. kept D. carried 34. A. carefully B. dangerously C. slowly D. safely 35. A. on B. at C. in D. with A IT COULD HAPPEN TO YOU Many people think there is no need to take special care over home safety."I'm all right,i' m insured(投保). "Maybe, if you' re fully insured. Even then you can neverrecover the real value you place upon your possessions. But you can't insure against the suffering of mind that we all feel if our homes are torn apart by some stranger, our windows and doors broken, our possessions mined. "It won't happen to me. "Won' t it? A house is broken into every three minutes of the day. Loss of all kinds, including cam and things stolen from cars,happens every 35 seconds. "I' ve nothing worth stealing. " You may think not. But in fact everyone has something worth a thief' s attention. And we all have things of personal value, even if they' re worth little or nothing in hard cash. "I' m only a tenant(房客) here. " The thief doesn' t care whether you' re a tenant or an owner. You' re just as weak either way. Have a word with the owner if you think extra safety fittings are necessary. "They'll get in anyway. " Most thieves are on the lookout for easy pickings. They are soon discouraged by houses they can' t get into quickly and easily. So do pay special attention. "This booklet will help you... " It' s based on the practical experience of police forces throughout the country. Most of the suggestions will cost you only a few minutes extra time and thought. A few may cost some expense,but this is small compared with the loss and sadness you mightotherwise suffer. If you are in arfy doubt, ask for free advice from the Crime(犯罪) Prevention Office at your local police station. 36. The text is mainly about A. how to escape being caught B. how to take special care of ourselves C. how to hire a safe house in the country D. how to protect your home 37. We can infer from the text that A. it' s impossible to prevent a house from being broken into B. we all have something that a thief thinks worth stealing C. most thieves are good at stealing things from cars D. you can' t afford to get advice from your local police station 38. If a house is difficult to get into, A. the thief may give up trying B. the thief will steal cars or things from cars C. the owner may think extra safety fittings are necessary D. the owner may think there is no need to take special care B Electric Shock Injuries caused by electric shock are-fairly common. When a person has received an electric shock, no one should go near him/her until the current has been turned off. If a shock occurring at work or at home causes someone to lose consciousness(知觉),electrical connection must be broken before anyone tries to give assistance. You should either turn off the switch at the mains or, if that is not possible, push the person away with a dry piece of wood.Treatment of shock Look out for signs of shock. People who have been injured or who may have lost a lot of blood, or those who have had heart attacks, may be in deep shock. The signs to look for are faintness,paleness,a moist, sticky skin, shallow, rapid breathing and a fast but weak heartbeat. Shock can prove fatal, and it is essential to do something to prevent its developing. The best way to treat or prevent shock is to keep the patient lying down, better with the legs higher than the head;if possible, raise the,lower part of the body on a rolled-up packet or similar object. Make the patient as comfortable as possible, loosening any tight clothing, and comfort him/her because fright increases the effects of shock. 39. Match the pictures with the passages. A. Picture 2. Electric shock;Picture 3. Treatment of shock B. Picture 1. Electric shock; Picture 4. Treatment of shock C. Picture 4. Electric shock;Picture 2. Treatment of shock D. Picture 3. Electric shock;Picture 1. Treatment of shock 40. The above passages and pictures have something to do with A. how to deal with difficulties B. how to do first aid C. how to face danger D. how to match pictures with passages 41. What would happen if you didn't turn off the current when you had to treat an unconscious person who had just received ,Ltn electric shock? A. He would regain his soon. B. He would die soon. C. Electrical connection would be broken. D. You would be in danger of getting the shock yourself 42.Of the following adjectives chosen from above, which one has the meaning of "causing death"? A. Fatel. B. Sticky. C. Essential. D. Unconscious. C There is an English saying:" Laughter is best medicine. "Until recently, few people took the saying seriously. Now, however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body. They have found that laughter really can improve people' s health. Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films while doctors checked their heart, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. It increases blood pressure, the heart beating and breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet. If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial. Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programmes. The group that tolerated (忍耐 )the pain for the longest time was the groups which listened to a funny programme. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemicals in the brain which diminish both stress and pain. As a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics, in which they help to improve their patients' condition by encouraging them to laugh. They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter. 43. Doctors have proved the following except that A. smiling does good to health B. laughter can be tolerated C. there is a way to reduce pain D. laughter can work the muscles in the feet 44. The main idea of the passage is A. laughter and physical exercises have similar effects on the human body B. smile can produce the same effects as laughter C. pain can be reduced by laughter D. langther is the best medicine 45. The students who tolerated the pain for the longest time. A. listened to different radio programmes B. could produce a kind of chemical C. don' t have stress of pain D. listened to a funny programme 46. The underlined word" diminish" is similar to A. test B. stop C. reduce D. increase 47. Doctors hold laughter clinics A. to give better condition to their patients B. in order to improve patients' health C. to make patients smile D. to prove smile and laughter have the same effect D The following are four forms about medicine.How to use the medicine is very important. Never takesome by mistake. Take the medicine with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. For further night time and early morning, take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in 24 hours. For children of six to twelve years old,give half the adult dosage. For children under six years old, come to your doctor for advice. Reduce dosage if nervousness, restlessness or sleeplessness takes place. Each pill of the medicine each time taken three times every day for fourteen years old and above. As usual, a pill 6 ：00 a. m. , before breakfast, one before 11 .. 00 and one before sleep. Not for children under six years old and old persons with heart-attack. The medicine for a person with a fever. Once two pills a day before sleep for adult. Not take the medicine without fe- ver. Half for children under 12 years old. Children with a high fever,go to see a doctor. Take medicine three times a day, once four pills for adult with a cold. Half of the pills or less for children under 10 years old. Take the medicine before breakfast,lunch, supper or before sleep. tablet 药片 pill 药丸 dosage 剂量 48．If one adult with fever requires to get rid of pain, it's suggeste that he_C____. A. take three tablets before sleep B. stop to take another pill C. take two tablets before sleep D. go to see a doctor at once 49.Obviously a kind of medicine can't be proper for_C__,judging from the information. A. children over twelve years old B. some adults over 18 years old C. some old persons with heart-attack D. neither adults nor children 50.When a ten-year-old has a cold,he had better __D___ A. have about more than fourteen pills a day B. have twice a day C. have four times a day D. have nine pills a day 51.How many kinds of medicine are used for the children of six years old according to the passage? B A. All of them. B. Three kinds of medicine. C. Two kinds of medicine. D. Almost not any medicine. E News from USA TODAY, by Anita Manning Anthrax (炭疽热), recently, is frightening the USA, and everybody is concerned about it. Questions about deadly killing bacteria( 病毒)are raised by American media(媒体). Here, experts provide some answers. Q: In what form does anthrax come? A:In nature, it is found in spores(孢子)in the soil around the world. If it is used as a weapon, it would most likely be sprayed(喷洒) in the form of a fine liquid mist (雾). It can also be dried and mixed with powder, but would not cause illness unless the powder was sniffed ( 鼻子吸 ) or inhaled (呼入). "In the laboratory,scientists grow the anthrax-causing bacteria— bacillus anthracis ( 炭疽病原 ), in a liquid," says the microbiologist Ronald Atlas of the University of Louisville, Q:How can people be infected(感染)with anthrax? A: Three ways, and all can be fatal (致命的). By eating undercooked(未熟的) meat from infected animals, you can get a gastrointestinal ( 肠胃 ) form of anthrax. It' s very rare, at least in the United States, and it is almost always fatal. Contact(接触) through scrapes (划伤)or cuts with spores that may exist on animal skins or wool can cause infection or skin anthrax. It is usually easily found and successfully treated with antibiotics(抗生素) ,but if untreated, it proves fatal in about 20% of cases. Inhaled anthrax, mostly for terrorism, is fatal in 80%---90% of cases unless treatment begins before the first symptoms (症状) occur. Q:How can you tell if someone has inhaled anthrax? A :Symptoms can begin as long as 60 days, after exposure (暴露),but usually appear within 7--10 days. They include fever malaise( 不适感 ), fatigue (疲惫 ) and sometimes a dry cough. Then, there' s often a period of improvement that lasts from a few hours to two or three days. That' s followed by a crash- trouble breathing, sweating, skin. The patient usually goes into shock(休克) and dies 24--36 hours after the serious symptoms begin. Q : Is anthrax contagious (传染) ? A: No, anthrax is not passed through the air from person to person or from animal to person. 51. According to the text,which of the following is right? A. All forms of anthrax are surely fatal. B. Anthrax is not contagious from person to person through air. C. Anthrax spores exist only in the USA. D. Living with a patient infected with anthrax always causes anthrax. 52. From the passage we know that skin anthrax A. can be curable C. is only a common illness B. is incurable D. is caused by animals 53. From this passage we can infer that A. it is very easy to detect( 探测)anthrax B. when an inhaled anthrax is found, it is often hard to cure C. there is a high chance to be infected with anthrax D. if one feels tired, he or She may have anthrax 54. Which of the following is the correct order in which an anthrax patient suffers? a. fatigue, malaise, fever b. change of skin color c. shock d. improvement e. dies f. troubled breathing A. a,b,c,d,f,e B. a,c,d,b,f,e C. a,d,b,f,c,e D. a,c,b,d,f,e 55. In the passage, the author is mainly telling us __ A. how frightening anthrax is B. anthrax can kill people C. some facts about anthrax D. we should not produce anthrax 四．短文改错 I was taking a walk on road after supper the other 56. day when a truck had passed me at great speed.I 57. thought it was very dangerous to the driver to drive so 58. fast. When I came to a sharp bend, I sudden saw the 59. truck lay on the roadside with its four wheels up. I 60. rushed up to find the driver sitting on the grass by the 61. road. "Thanks God, "I thought, "The driver was lucky 62. enough to alive. "I asked the driver how the accident 63. was happened. He told me with regret that his truck 64. which had been out of control at the sharp bend. 65. 五．书面表达 10月23日（星期五）中午在你上学途中及下午发生了一件事情。请根据下列图画用英语写一篇日记。 注意：1 日记须包括所有图画的内容，可适当增减细节，使日记连贯。 2 次数100左右。练习 |
·语文课件下载
| |||
『 点此察看与本文相关的其它文章』『 搜索相关课件』
| ||||
| 【上一篇】【下一篇】 【教师投稿】 | ||||
本站管理员：尹瑞文 微信：13958889955