初二英语第二十一单元Mainly revision（总复习）
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章节 第二十一单元
关键词
内容
一、教法建议
【 抛砖引玉 】
　　单元双基学习目标
　　Ⅰ. 词汇学习
　　happily , easily , carefully , worried , feel worried about, pingpong , hard-working
　　Ⅱ. 语法学习
　　简单句的基本句型 ( 一 )
　　( 1 ) 主语 + 不及物动词：
　　He swims .
　　They are listening .
　　( 2 ) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语：
　　She likes basketball
　　They know me .
　　( 3 ) 主语 + 系动词 + 表语：
　　The bike is new .
　　She felt worried .
　　Ⅲ. 交际英语：
　　What can I do for you ?
　　I need to do some shopping .
　　I'm worried about my party .
【 指点迷津 】
　　单元重点词汇点拨
　　1 . pingpong 乒乓球
　　〖 点拨 〗乒乓球也可说 table tennis .
　　She plays pingpong very well . 她乒乓球打得很好。
　　2 . hard-working 努力工作的
　　He is a hard-working teacher . 他是一位勤奋的老师。
　　〖 点拨 〗类似的词如：peace-loving爱好和平的。
　　3 . happily 幸福地，快乐地
　　
　　The children are playing happily . 孩子们正愉快地玩着。
　　〖 点拨 〗该词为 happy 的副词形式，作状语。happiness是其名词形式。注意：live a happy life过着幸福的生活。
　　4 . easily 容易地，轻易地
　　We did it easily . 我们很容易地把它做了。
　　〖 点拨 〗其形容词为 easy .
　　It is easy for sb to do某人干……很容易。It is easy for her to bring the books here .
　　5 . carefully 仔细地，小心地
　　Listen to the teacher carefully ! 仔细听老师讲 !
　　〖 点拨 〗该词为 careful 的副词。careless粗心大意的。carefully = with care认真地。
　　You’d better do your homework carefully .
　　6 . worried 担心的，烦恼的
　　〖 点拨 〗注意 worry 可作动词和名词“担心，焦虑”，be worried about = worry about “对…感到担心”。
　　－ What’s the matter with you , Tom ?
　　－ My parents haven’t been back yet . I am worried about it .
　　单元词组思维运用
　　
　　1 . telephone number 电话号码
　　What is your telephone number . 你的电话号码是多少 ?
　　Perhaps his telephone number is wrong .
　　－ Is this 9998345 ?
　　－ Sorry , you have the wrong number .
　　2 . do some shopping 买些东西
　　We're going to do some shopping . 我们打算购买一些物品。
　　〖 提示 〗类似词组还有：do sport 从事运动 / do the cooking 烹调，烹饪 / do washing 洗衣服 / do cleaning 做扫除 / do one's homework 做家庭作业 / do one's lesson 做功课
　　Mr . Smith likes doing sport after meals . 史密斯先生喜欢饭后参加体育运动。
　　Is Rose going to do washing this afternoon ?
　　I don’t like to do shopping with her this afternoon , Mum .
　　3 . Please help yourself 请随便吃，请自己动手 ( 拿、吃、抽烟等 )
　　Please help yourself to wine . 请随便用酒。
　　〖 提示 〗表吃什么，拿什么时，该词组要加介词 to 再加宾语。
　　Boys , help yourselves to more bananas and oranges .
　　Sir , help yourself to some cigarettes (香烟).
　　注意：help sb with帮助某人干…… 。She always helps me with my Chinese on Sunday .
　　4 . get ready for 为……做好准备，为……准备好
　　Have you got ready for the party ? 这个聚会你已经准备好了吗 ?
　　〖 点拨 〗get ready to do准备好干…… 。Please get ready to run , class .
　　5 . on the other side of 在……的另一边
　　On the other side of the river there are some banana trees . 在河的对岸，有许多香蕉树。
　　On the other side of the street there is a book shop .
　　〖 提示 〗指两者之中的另一边。
　　6 . like to do 与 like doing：
　　〖 提示 〗这两者都表示“喜欢做什么”。区别如下：
　　like to do 指喜欢做特定的或某次具体的行动，指一时的爱好。
　　I like to swim in the river . 我喜欢在这条河游泳。 ( 特定场合的具体行动 )
　　( 试比较：I like swimming . 我喜欢游泳。 )
　　like doing 指喜欢做某事，即长期的爱好和兴趣。试比较：
　　Do you like swimming ? 你喜欢游泳吗 ? ( 指长期的爱好 )
　　Would you like to swim with me tomorrow ? 你愿意明天和我一起去游泳吗 ? ( 特指明天一次具体行动 )
　
　　另外：如果用于否定结构，like to do 与 like doing 就没有什么区别，可以换用。如：
　　I don't like smoking = I don't like to smoke . 我不喜抽烟。
　　7 . like 与 would like 的区别：
　　〖 提示 〗like ( 喜欢，爱好 ) ，后接名词、代词、不定式或动名词。
　　Do you like fish ? 你喜欢 ( 吃 ) 鱼吗 ?
　　would like 意为“想要，愿意”解时，是 wish 和 want 的意思。用于礼貌性地提出要求或表示愿意提供帮助。其后可接名词、代词、动词不定式。但不能接动名词。
　　Would you like something to eat ? 你想吃点什么东西吗 ?
　　would like sb to do愿意让某人干 ……。
　　My father would like me to go to Beijing with hin this summer .
二、学海导航
【 学法指要 】
　　单元句型思路明晰
　　1 . as + 副词 + as
　　Read this passage as quickly as you can . 你尽快读完这段短文。
　　这具句型中第一个 as 为副词，第二个 as 为从属连词，引导程度状语从句。又如：
　　He ran as fast as he could . 他尽力地快跑。
　　He works as hard as you . 他与你一样努力工作。
　　2 . Not… 否定主语的句型
　　Not everyone likes sandwiches . 不见得每个人都喜欢三明治。
　　not 无论放在句首或句子其它地方，与 all , every 等词连用时，只表示部分否定，又叫做“部分否定句”。如：
　　Everyone does not like sandwiches . 每个人不见得都喜欢三明治。
　　Not everyone is a worker . = Everyone is not a worker . 不见得每个人都是工人。
　　Not everyone agrees with you . 不是人人都同意你的意见。
　　Not all people agree with you . 不是大家都同意你的看见。
　　单元难点疑点释疑
　　1 . What can I do for you ? 你要点什么 ?
　　这是对顾客的礼貌用语，还可以说 Can I help you ? 如：
　　— What can I do for you ? 你要点什么 ?
　　
　　— I want to buy a new coat . 我想买件新上衣。
　　— Can I help you ?
　　— Two cups of coffee . = Two coffees . 请来两杯咖啡。
　
　　2 . She felt worried . 她很焦急。
　　feel 是连系动词， worried 是形容词，在句中作表语。turn , get , look , be 等动词也是连系动词，都可接形容词构成系表结构。如：
　　He felt happy . 他很高兴。
　　The trees turn green . 树儿绿了。
　　※ 表示具有某种性质、特征或处于某种状态。常用的有 be , appear , feel , sound , seem , book , smell , taste 等。例如：
　　It is not late . 时间还不晚
　　The dish smells good . 这道菜闻着香。
　　He seemed to be writing something . 他好象在写什么东西。
　　His words sounds all right . 他的话听起来有道理。
　　※ 表示动词所叙述的动作和过程所产生的结果；或者表示状态的变化。常用的有：get , go , come , become , turn , grow , fall , prove , run , make 等。例如：
　　The custom has now become a rule . 那习俗已变为成规。
　　The milk in the cup will go bad . 杯子里的牛奶要坏了。
　　Her face turned red .
　　※ 某种持续的状态。常用的有：keep , continue , stand等。例如：
　　She knew she must keep calm . 她知道她必须保持镇静。
　　※ 除 make 等个别词外，几乎所有的连系动词都能接形容词作表语。例如：
　　Our country is getting stronger and stronger . 我们国家日益强大。
　　※ 接名词作表语的有：become , get , look , make , seem , turn 等。例如：
　　
　　Now you look a grown-up young man . 现在你看上去已经是一个成年的小伙子了。
　　One tree does not make a wood . 独木不成林。
　　He used to be a soldier till he turned writer . 他当作家之前曾是战士。
　
　　※ 我们还应注意某些连系词和形容词的固定搭配及其褒贬色彩。比如，come 多接褒义形容词，而 go 则多接贬之形容词。例如：
　　come true / right 变为现实 / 正确
　　go bad / hungry / mad / blind / deaf / tired / …变坏 / 饿 / 疯 / 瞎 / 聋 / 累……
　　grow rich / tall / large / clever / old…变得富裕 / 高 / 大 / 聪明 / 年老……
　　fall ill / asleep / silent / …生病 / 睡着 / 沉默……
　　3 . I'm worried about my party . 我正担心晚会呢 ?
　　be worried about 意为“为……而担心”。注意该词组表示担忧的状态。如：
　　Mother is worried about his health . 母亲担心他的健康。
　　Are you worried about the meeting ? 你担心开会的事吗 ?
　　4 . I'll get another one now . 我现在再拿一根来。
　　one ( s ) , other ( s ) the other ( s ) 及 another 的区别：
　　one 有下列几种意思：1 ) 可指人或表示一种；2 ) 常用来代替前面刚提到的可数名词，以
避免重复，如可数名词为复数，就要用 ones 来代替；3 ) 表示“一个…，另一个…”用“one…the other…”。
　　the others 表示其余的几个，要用定冠词 the。
　　others 表示泛指“别人”或“别的东西”，常不加定冠词。
　　another 意为“另一个，又一个”强调三个或三个以上人 ( 或事物 ) 中的“另一个”。
　　试比较：
　　A：Which sweater would you like , the red one or the blue one ? 你想要哪件毛衣，红色的还是蓝色的 ?
　　B：The red one . 红色的。
　　I have two sisters . One is a teacher , the other is a doctor . 我有两个姐姐，一个是教师，另一个当医当。
　　The children are cleaning the classroom . Some are sweeping the floor , others are cleaning the window . 孩子们在打扫教室，一些正在扫地，另一些在擦窗子。
　　Lei Feng was always ready to help others . 雷锋总是乐于助人。
　　Here are three pencils . One is red , another is blue , the third is yellow .
　　这里有三支锅笔，一支是红色的，另一支是蓝色的，还有一支是黄色的。
【 妙文赏析 】
　　Not Such a Simple Question
　　Alan Chang was a handsome young man with good manners . One morning he was walking along a street on his way to an appointment . He did not want to be early or late . He had forgotten to put on his watch so he went up to a man who was waiting for a taxi .
　　“ Excuse me , sir , ”he said , very politely , “ but could you tell me the time ? ”
The man , who was very well - dressed and looked quite rich , said nothing . He did not even look at Alan . Alan spoke to him again . “ Excuse me , sir , ”he said , “ but could you please tell me what time it is ? ”
　　This time the man looked at him , but he did not speak and looked quickly away . Alan thought 　to himself: Well , he's not deaf . He must be just rude .
　　“ Why won't you tell me the time , sir ? ”he demanded .
　　The man turned towards him and said , Try to understand me . I am standing here waiting for a taxi . You come up to me and ask me for the time . If tell it to you , you will thank me . I will say , “ That's all right . ”You may then say , “ It's a beautiful day , ”to which I may reply “ Yes , I like these sunny winter days . ”
　　Before we know what is happening we have a friendly conversation . You are a pleasant , polite young man and so when my taxi comes , I offer you a fide . You accept . We talk . I like you . You like me . I invite you to my home . You meet my daughter . She is a very pretty girl . You are a good - looking man . You like each other . Soon you fall in love . You want to marry . Now do you understand my problem ? ”
　　Alan shook his head .
　　“ No sir , I'm sorry , I don't . Everything you have said seems very natural to me . ”
　　“ Exactly , ”the man said , “ and I do not want my daughter to marry a man who is too poor to buy a watch . Good morning to you . ”And with these words he hurried away .
　　注释：handsome 英俊的，manners 礼貌，appointment 约会，well-dressed 穿着考究的，衣着入时的，deaf 聋的，rude 粗鲁的，粗野的，无礼的，demand 请求，要求，
【 思维体操 】
　　1 . A man phoned his daughter to ask her to buy a few things he needed for a trip . He told her she would find enough dollar bills for the purchases ( 采购 ) in an envelope on his desk . She found the envelope with“ 98 ”written on it . In a shop she bought 90 worth of things , but when it was time to pay , she didn't have 8 left over as she thought she would . In fact , she didn't have enough money to pay for all the purchases . By how much was she short ?
　　A . 8 . 00 . B . 10 . 00 . C . 6 . 00 D . 4 . 00 .
　　2 . Each of the Smith brothers has as many sisters as he has brothers . But each of the Smith sisters has twice as many brothers as she has sisters . How many brothers and sisters are there in the Smith family ?
　　A . Four brothers and three sisters . B . Three brothers and four sisters .
　　C . Two brothers and four sisters . D . Four brothers and five sisters .
　　3 . If a carpenter ( 木工 ) receives twenty-five cents for sawing ( 锯 ) a board into two lengths , how much should he receive for saving the board into four lengths ?
　　A . 50 cents . B . 1 , 00 . C . 75 cents . D . 2 . 00 .
　　4 . How many times can 19 be subtracted ( 减去 ) from 27 ?
　　A . Once . B . Twice . C . Three . D . None .
　　5 . Some hens and cats are in a room . They are 36 legs and 15 heads in all . How many hens and cats are there in the room ?
　　A . 6 and 9 . B . 7 and 8 . C . 12 and 3 . D . 8 and 7 .
　　答案：1 — 5 DAAAC
三、智能显示
【 心中有数 】
　　单元语法发散思维
　　简单句
　　在句子中应注意谓语动词和主语在人称和数上必须一致。
　　1 ) 主语 + 不及物动词 ( 谓语 )
　　The moon rose . 月亮升起来了。
　　另外：在这种句型中，主语可被定语修饰。谓语常被副词、介词词组等修饰，用来说明动作的程度、时间、地点、状况等。如：
　　The sun rises . 太阳升起来了。
　　The red sun rises . 红太阳升起来了。
　　The red sun rises in the east . 红太阳在东方升起。
　　2 ) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语
　　All my friends like to study English and Chinese .
　　另外：及物动词除必须有宾语外，还可有修饰语，这点与不及物动词相同。修饰动词的状语通常放在句末。这些状语多数是副词或介词短语，也可用名词短语、不定式短语、分词短语等。宾语可以是名词、代词、不定式等。如：
　　They speak English quite well . 他们英语讲得好。 ( 副词作状语 )
　　3 ) 主语 + 连系动词 + 表语
　　My brother is a singer .My mother is a nurse .
　　另外：在这个句型中，连系动词以 be 动词为最多，此外还有 look , become , keep , get , turn 等。表语可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词短语等。
　　It's getting colder and colder . 天气越来越冷。
　　Please keep quiet ! 请保持安静 !
【 动手动脑 】
　　单元能力立体检测
　　※ 英汉互译
　　1 . 白天 2 . 时常 3 . 继续 4 . 去散步
　　5 . 打电话给…… 6 . get warm 7 . at the moment 8 . by the way
　　9 . feel happy 10 . take - away food
　　答案：1 . day - time 2 . at times 3 . go on 4 . go for a walk 5 . ring up 6 . 变暖 7 . 此刻 8 . 顺便说一下 9 . 感到高兴 10 . 熟食
　　※ 要点分析
　　1 . Now you can ______ the food at home .
　　A . do B . making C . cook D . doing
　　答案 C . do , make , cook 都含有“做”的含义，但用在食物上则只用 make 和 cook , make 侧重于面食的制作，如包饺子，做蛋糕等，而 cook 侧重“烹饪”，句中 can 为情态动词，后加动词 cook 原形。
　　2 . I saw him ______ the car , and he went into that shop .
　　A . getting on B . getting into C . getting off D . getting out of
　　答案 D . 上、下小汽车时不用 get on / off 短语，而要用 get into / out of , 另外前后两分句由 and 连接为并列句，前后动作应一致，不可能上了小汽车又进了商店，所以应选择下车，即 getting out of。
　　3 . There ______ water in the bottle .
　　A . is no B . is not C . are no D . are not
　　答案 A . water 为不可数名词，谓语动词要用单数形式，因此可排除C、D项，另外 no = not any , any 用来修饰 water 不可缺，因此不能只用 is not , 而要选A . is no。
　　4 . I didn't know why she ______ worried .
　　A . is B . felt C . looks D . feeled
　　答案 B . 在主从复合句中，除主句为一般现在时的情况外，主从句在时态上一律要保持一致，本题主句为一般过去时，因此从句也要用过去的时态，D项中 feeled 为一种错误的过去式形式，因此选B。
　　5 . Miss Liu will never be late , ______ ?
　　A . won't she B . will Miss Liu C . is she D . will she
　　答案 D . never 为否定副词，意为“从来没有”因此陈述部分为否定句，那么反意疑问句的疑问部分要用肯定形式 will，主语 Miss Liu 相对应的人称代词为 she，因此选D，类似这种情况的词还有 hardly ( 几乎不 ) ，few , little ( 几乎没有 ) ，nobody , no one ( 没有人 ) ，nothing ( 没有什么 ) 等。
　　※ 词形变化
　　1 . day ( 反义词 ) 2 . long ( 比较级 )
　　3 . snow ( 现在分词 ) 4 . cloud ( 形容词 )
　　5 . happy ( 副词 ) 6 . country ( 复数 )
　　7 . stop ( 过去式 ) 8 . beautiful ( 最高级 )
　　9 . stop ( 第三人称单数 ) 10 . we ( 名词性物主代词 )
　　答案：1 . night 2 . longer 3 . snowing 4 . cloudy 5 . happily 6 . countries 7 . stopped 8 . most beautiful 9 . stops 10 . ours
【 创新园地 】
　　1 . — Hi , Jim1
　　— ______
　　— It was a pleasure .
　　2 . — ______
　　— That'll be fine . I'll tell Mum . I think I'm free that night .
　　3 . — ______
　　— Sure .
　　4 . — ______
　　— Bye !
　　A . Goodbye !
　　B . I told my parents about it last night . They asked me to thank your mother . We hope you can come to our house for supper next Saturday .
　　C . Hi , Ann ! Thank you for supper last night . I enjoyed it very much .
　　D . Good . Please give me a ring after you talk to your parents .
　　( 请同学们把填好的答案反馈给我们 )
　　答案：1 — 4 C B D A
【 同步题库 】
　　Unit 21
　　Ⅰ . 单项填空
　　1 . There ______ fifty people , not counting the children .
　　A . have B . had C . was D . were
　
　　2 . There were ten ______ number .
　　A . in B . on C . at D . with
　　3 . Run as ______ as you can .
　　A . faster B . fastest C . the fastest D . fast
　　4 . He is always ready ______ others .
　　A . help B . to help C . helps D . helping
　　5 . This pair is ______ too large . Please show me another pair .
　　A . a few B . few C . a little D . a small
　　6 . She is ______ to get it down .
　　A . short enough B . enough tall C . tall enough D . enough high
　　7 . Would you like a little ______ milk ?
　　A . much B . many C . more D . most
　　8 . We enjoyed ______ at the party last night .
　　A . us B . our C . ourselves D . ourself
　　9 . The boys in Class One enjoy ______ football .
　　A . play B . playing C . to play D . plays
　　10 . Why did all his friends laugh ____ him ?
　　A . to B . at C . / D . over
　　11 . — How about coming with us to the film ?
　　— ______ .
　　A . I love B . I love to C . I'd love to D . I'd love
　　12 . What about ______ an early start ?
　　A . make B . making C . to make D . made
　　13 . — What colour is that eraser ?
　　— It's ______ .
　　A . a orange B . an orange C . the orange D . orange
　
　　14 . ______ the chickens before they are hatched ( 孵出 ) .
　　A . Count B . Counts C . Not count D . Don't count
　　15 . ______ is your father's birthday ?
　　A . Where B . When C . How D . Who
　　16 . How many ______ and ______ in your class ?
　　A . boy student ; girl ones B . boys student ; girls one
　　C . boy students ; girl ones D . boys students ; girls ones
　　17 . — ______ Mary's telephone number ?
　　— 2749588 .
　　A . How many is B . How much is C . What's D . Which are
　　18 . There are two big windows ______ the front wall .
　　A . in B . on C . at D . from
　　19 . He looked ______ and ill .
　　A . worry B . worried C . worrying D . to worry
　　20 . — How are you today ?
　　— I ______ fine , thanks .
　　A . to feel B . am feeling C . feels D . felt
　　Ⅱ . 单词填空
　　根据上下文，填写一个适当的单词，单词的第一个字母已给出。
　　One day Mr Fox came to Mr Hare's h______ and said . “Come with me q______ . Mrs Duck h______ six eggs . Come a______ see them . ”
　　Mr Hare said , “No , I'll n______ come . I'll s______ here . ”
　　Mr Fox said , “You a______ lazy ( 懒惰的 ) . ”

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