初二英语第二十三单元You mustn't play on the road !
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【抛砖引玉】
单元双基学习目标
Ⅰ. 词汇学习
hit , safe , care , if , always , pleased , visit , visitor , country , understand ( understood ) , interesting , back , slow , slowly , mistake , anything , take care , too…to , at last , at the head of , laugh at , cross , line , queue , hurt , waiting - room , hurt , in line , jump the queue , queue jumper
Ⅱ.词音学习
主从复合句的语调：从句在前，从句用升调，主句用降调；从句在后，主句用降调，从句也用降调。
Ⅲ. 语法学习
1 . 熟悉掌握 must 的用法，并正确使用。
2 . 熟练掌握 when , before , after 引导的时间状语从句，注意动词的时态
3 . 熟练掌握 if 引导的条件状语从句，注意动词的时态。
Ⅳ. 交际英语
You mustn't play on the road .
You mustn't eat anything .
If you don't go soon , you'll be late .
If you aren't careful , a car may hit you .
When the lights are red , the car must stop .
Take care .
It's too…to…
Nice talking to you .
I don't feel very well .
My head hurts .
They are standing in line .
You must wait for your turn .
【指点迷津】
单元重点词汇点拨
1 . hit 打，撞，击中
He hit the boy . 他打了那个孩子。
John hit his head on the door . 约翰把头撞在门上。
〖 点拨 〗“击中”或“打”某人某个部位时，英语习惯说：hit sb . on ( in , over ) the + 某个部位。部位前用定冠词 the。另外注意其过去式、过去分词和原形一样。
2 . cross 穿过，渡过，横过
〖 点拨 〗该词是动词也可是名词，不同于介词 across .
The teacher marked the wrongly spelled word with a cross . 教师在拼错了的单词上打个“×”。
3 . safe 安全的
Is this a safe place ? 这个地方安全吗 ?
〖 点拨 〗注意其名词为 safety , 不可数。
4 . care 照料，保护，小心
Please give more care to yourself .请多注意你自己的身体。
〖 点拨 〗该词也可作动词使用。
1 ) 关心，留心，计较
We care very much for learning English . 我们很热心学习英语。
2 ) 喜欢，愿意 ( 常用于否定句，疑问句和条件句中，后接不定式 )
Would you care to read this ? 你喜欢读这篇文章吗 ?
3）take care of照料。take good care of = look after well好好照料。
5 . too…to…… 而不能
〖 点拨 〗注意其中 to 表否定。
The water is too hot to drink . 水太热不能喝。
The child is too young to go to school . = The boy isn’t old enough to go to school . 那孩子还没到上学的年龄。
注意：be too glad (happy ) to do很高兴干…… 。
6 . if 如果，假如 ( 引导条件状语从句 )
〖 点拨 〗该词表“是否”引导宾语从句。
He will come to see you if he has time . 如果他有时间，他会来看你。
I don't know if the news is true . 我不知道这个消息是否确实。
当引导条件状语从句时，从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：
If it will be fine tomorrow , we will go shopping . (错)
If it is fine tomorrow , we’ll go shopping .
7 . line 线，排，行
Draw a line under the word . 在这个单词下面划线。
〖 点拨 〗 be lined with排列着。The street is lined with students .
8 . queue 行列，长队
They are waiting in a queue . 他们在排队等候。
Mary is at the head of the queue . 玛丽站在排头。
Please don't jump t he queue . 请不要乱插队。
〖 点拨 〗该词相当于 line
9 . always 总是，一直
He was always asking for money . 他总是要钱。
10 . pleased 高兴的，满意的
I'll be pleased to help you . 我乐意帮助你。
〖 点拨 〗该词常修饰人构成“sb . be pleased to do ” .
He looked pleased . 他显得很高兴。
He was ( very ) much pleased at the news . 听到这个消息他非常高兴。
11 . visit 访问，参观，拜访
Mr Jones went to the town on a short visit . 琼斯先生到城里作了一次短暂的访问。
They are visiting in Beijing . 他们正在北京访问。
〖 点拨 〗该词可作名词及动词。注意比较下列句子：
They are visiting Beijing .
They have been on a visit to Beijing for a week .
12 . visitor 访问者，参观者
13 . understand 1 ) 懂得，理解，明白
〖 点拨 〗该词过去式、过去分词为 understood 。
I think people can understand me when I speak English . 我想我讲英语人们能听懂。
2 ) 听说，获悉
I understand that he is coming . 我听说他要来。
14 . interesting 有趣的，有意思的
The story is very interesting . 这个故事非常有趣。
〖 点拨 〗该词常修饰物。
I will tell you an interesting story . 我将给你们讲一个有趣的故事。
注意对比下面句子：
We are interested in that film .That is an interesting film . That film interested us very much .
15 . country 农村，乡村；国家
He likes to live in the country . 他喜欢在农村住。
What country does he come from ? 他是从那个国家来的 ?
16 . waiting - room 候车室，候诊室
They are waiting for the train in the waiting - room . 他们正在 ( 火车站 )候车室等火车。
〖 点拨 〗合成词。又如：reading-room阅览室。
More people are waiting in the waiting-room to see the doctor . 很多人在候诊室等着看医生。
17 . queue jumper 不按次序排队的人。
18 . back 背，背部，后面
She carried her school bag on her back . 她把书包背在背上。
〖 点拨 〗该词可作名词也可作形容词。back to back背靠背。at the back of在……的后面。There is a road at the back of our school .
Jackson's home is in the back street . 杰克逊的家在这条街的后面。
19 . hurt 伤害，刺伤，使疼痛
〖 点拨 〗该词过去式、过去分词和原形一样。也可作伤身体也可作伤感情，也可作名词。
The boy fell and hurt his back . 这孩子跌了一跤，摔伤了背。
Don't tell her that , It will be a hurt to her . 别告诉她这件事，会让她伤心的。
Your words hurt her feelings(感情).
20 . Indian 印度人 ( 的 ) ；印第安人 ( 的 )
Indians are very good at dancing and singing . 印度人能歌善舞。
〖 点拨 〗India印度。
21 . slow 慢的，迟钝的
〖 点拨 〗也可作动词“使慢”。
Your watch is five minutes slow . 你的表慢了五分钟。
The bus began to slow down . 公共汽车开始减速。
You had better slow down your car . 你最好放慢车速。
22 . slowly 缓慢地；慢慢地
Read more slowly , please . 请读得再慢一点。
23 . mistake 错误，误会
He hit me by mistake . 他误打了我。
You've made a mistake here , this 3 should be 5 . 这里你搞错了，这个3应为5。
( mistook , mistaken ) 弄错，搞错，误解
〖 点拨 〗该词可作动词
She mistook the road , and lost her way . 她走错了路，于是就迷路了。
24 . anything 任何事 ( 物 )
You can eat anything you like . 你愿意吃什么就吃什么。
〖 点拨 〗在疑问句、否定句、条件句中通常用 anything 来代替 something。
单元词组思维运用
1 . look out 当心，注意
If you don't look out you'll hurt , yourself . 要是不当心，你会伤害自己。
“Look out ! ”he exclaimed , “A car is coming . ”
“注意 ! ”他喊道，“车来了。”
〖 提示 〗look out 还有“朝外看”之意。look out for提防…… 。如：
He stood at the window and look out . 他站在窗前朝外看。
In the bus , you must look out for the bad man .
2 . different from 与……不同
English is different from Chinese in some way . 英语和汉语在某些方面不同。
My ideas are different from his . 我的意见与他的意见不同。
〖 提示 〗to be different from 中，from 后面可跟名词、代词或从句。
3 . take care 注意，留心
You should always take care when you cross the road . 当你过马路时应当留伸。
〖 提示 〗take care of = look after 是“照料，看管”之意，用于及物。如：
You must take care of yourself . 你要好好注意自己的身体。
She stayed at home to take care of the baby . 她呆在家中照看婴儿。
4 . at the head of 在……的前头
〖 提示 〗相当于 in front of
At the head of the queue is a little child . 排在前头的是一个小孩。
He stands at the head of the line . 他站在队列之首。
5 . come into = enter 进入，走进 ( 用于及物 )
The door opened and the children came into the room . 门打开了，孩子们走进了房间。
〖 提示 〗come in 也是“进来”之意。但是不及物。如：
Come in , please . 请进。
6 . stand up 站起身来，起立
He stood up and left room . 他站了起来，离开了房间。
sit down坐下。
7 . laugh at 嘲笑，因……因笑
Don't laugh at the old man . 不要嘲笑这位老人。
All of us are laughing at a joke . 听了这个笑话我们都笑起来了。
8 . be after 寻找，探求，追踪
〖 提示 〗相当于 look for。但find是“找到”。
What are you after ? 你在找什么 ?
9 . at last 最后，终于
I heard from him at last . 我终于接到他的信了。
10 . see the ( a ) doctor 去看医生 ( 去看病 )
I am seeing the ( a ) doctor this afternoon . 我下午就去看医生 ( 看病 ) 。
11 . fall off 跌落，掉下
Oh , she's falling off her bike . 哦，她从自行车上摔下来了。
〖 提示 〗fall off 表示“从某处掉下来”，off 后面接名词或代词。
fall over 是“摔倒”之意，不及物。如：
She slipped and fell over . 她脚一滑，就摔倒了。
二、学海导航
【学法指要】
单元句型思路明晰
1 . too + 形容词 + to ( 不定式 ) 太……不……
It's too dangerous to cross . 太危险了不能过去。
It 在此句中作形式主语。“too…to…”意为“太……以致不能”。前面的 too 后接形容词，后面的 to 后接动词。整个句子含有否定的意思。又如：
It's too dark to see my hand . 暗得伸手不见五指。
如果结果状语从句是肯定形式，可以换式“…enough to…”的结构，如：
She was strong enough to lift the heavy box . = She was so strong that she could lift the heavy box . 她是如此结实以致能拿起这个重箱子。
too…to 的否定结构是 not too…to“干……不很……”。如：
Swimming is not too difficult to learn . 游泳并不十分难学。
2 . 由连词 ( when ) 引导的时间状语从句的句型
When the lights are red , the traffic must stop . 当灯是红色的时，车辆必须停下来。
When 在这外句子中作连词，引导一个时间状语从句：When the lights are red . 主句是 the traffic must stop . 时间状语从句在复合句中作主句的时间状语。
时间状语从句采用一般现在时代替将来时，而不直接用将来时。又如：
When spring comes , it gets warm . 当春天到来时，天气变得暖和了。
我们已学过由 before , after 引导时间状语从句的句子。又如：
I shall ring you up before I leave . 我在离开以前要打电话给你。
After I get up , I wash my face and brush my teeth . 我起床之后，就洗脸、刷牙。
3 . 由连词 if 引导的条件状语从句句型
If you jump the queue , other people will not be pleased . 如果你插队的话，其它人会不高兴的。
jump the queue 指“不按次序排队”，即：来在某些人之后，却想排在某些人之前。
If you jump the queue 是由连词 if 引导的条件状语从句这个从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。如果主句内有情态动词 must、can、may , 则主句就不用将来时，因为这几个情态动词没有将来时态。
if 在一般现在时中所表达的是所假定的事实有可能实现。因此，这个复合句句型的意义可概括为：“如果……就……”，又如：
If the weather is fine on Sunday , I will go for a walk . 如果星期天天气好的话，我就要去散步。
If the weather is fine on Sunday , I may go for a walk . 如果星期天天气好的话，我可能要去散步。
4 . not…until… 直到……才
You mustn't eat anything until you see the doctor . 直到你看了病才可以吃东西。
not…until 是“直到……才”的意思。
until 在这个句型中是连词，引导一个时间状语从句。
You mustn't eat anything until you see the doctor . = You mustn't eat anything before you see the doctor .
not…until 与 not…before 的意思和用法同，但 not…until 比较常用。until 后面可以接名词或从句。翻译时，通常先译 until 所接的名词或从句，再译主句，动词前加一个“才”字。
until 用在否定句中时，主句的动词一般是终止性的 ( 如上述各例 ) 。until 用在肯定句中时，主句的动词一般是延续性的。如：
I waited until he came . 我一直等到他来。
I stayed until it was getting dark . 我一直呆到夜幕降临。
单元难点疑点释疑
1 . They are standing in line . 他们在排队。
stand in line 意为“排队”。如：
You should stand in line before the bus comes . 公共汽车来之前，你应当排队。
2 . If you jump the queue , other people will not be pleased . 你如果不按秩序排队，其它人会不高兴的。
1 ) jump the queue 意为“不按秩序排队”。
2 ) if you jump the queue 是条件状语从句。
3 ) be pleased 令人高兴，令人愉快的。如：
I'm pleased to help you . 我很乐意帮助你。
He was very pleased at the news . 听到这个消息，他很高兴。
3 . It's dangerous to cross . 过马路危险。
it 在句中形式主语，动词不定式 to cross 是真正的主语。如：
It's very nice to see you . 见到你太好了。
4 . Xia Yi is on a visit to England .
注意 be on a visit to 是“在……访问”。在英国访问。如：
My father is on a visit to the U . S . A . . 我父亲在访美。
Mr Black is on a visit to China . 布莱克先生在访华。
5 . Are the people very friendly ? 那儿的人民很友好吗 ?
friendly 是形容词，意为“友好的”，在句中作表语。它由各词 friend 加后缀 — ly 构成。如：
He is friendly to everyone . 他对任何人都很友好。
6 . It was nice talking to you . 和你谈话真愉快。
此句主语 it 是形式主语，真正主语是 talking to you , 是动名词短语，也可以用 to talk to you 等动词不定式换之。而 Nice to see you . 这句更口语化些，省略了语法上的主语和谓语。完整形式为 It is nice to see you . 句型为：
It is nice / good to do sth . / doing sth .
7 . The people are waiting for the doctor to come . 人们在等医生来。
“to come”是动词不定式短语作宾语补足语。如：
Reagan asked him to have dinner . 里根邀请他就餐。
8 . She sat nearest to the doctor's door . 她坐在离诊所的门最近的地方。
nearest 是副词的最高级形式修饰动词“sat”，near 作副词用时，是“接近”“靠近”的意思，一般放在修饰词之后。例如：
Alice lives near to my home . 艾丽丝住在我家附近。
【妙文赏析】
It was October 1 , It was Tom's birthday . He saw a card on the table when he came back home . It said . “There is a present for you Tom . Look for it in your room . ”Tom ran to his room . His parents were watching him and smiling . On his bed he saw a new red box . He thought “My present must be in it . ”he opened it . There was nothing but a card in it . He took it out and read , “Dear Tom . I'm your present . My first letter is in the word ‘pear’ , but not in ‘bear . ’My second letter is in ‘tell , ’but not in ‘tall’ . And you can find my last letter in both ‘bank’and ‘ink . ’What am I ? ”Tom thought it over . P—E—N ! He smiled and said , “Aha , I know, Mum . But where is it ? ”His mother told him it was in his school bag . He found his present — a nice new pen !
赏析： 朋友，你们有那么快就可以发现 Tom 的生日礼物是什么东西吗 ? 相信你们肯定可以，只要爱动脑筋。
【思维体操】
用适当的英语“回文词” ( 即从前往后和从后往前拼写完全一样的词”
1 . What can I do for you , m______ ?
2 . M______ , I'd like to have a piece of cake .
3 . He often has his lunch in the school at n______ .
4 . A______ , I have caught up with you !
答案：1 . madam 2 . Mum 3 . noon 4 . Aha
三、智能显示
【心中有数】
单元语法发散思维
1 . There is ______ traffic , you must wait .
A . many B . a few C . a lot of D . a lot
答案 C . traffic“交通”为不可数名词，因此不能用 many , a few 来修饰，而 a lot 为副词短语，不能修饰名词，因此选C。另外，还要注意使用 traffic 时，谓语动词用单数。
2 . Children are ______ easy to make such mistakes .
A . so B . much C . more D . too
答案 D . too…to 词组用于肯定句，而表达否定的含义，表示“太……以致不能做某事”，但当 too 和 kind , easy , ready , willing 等形容词连用时，后面的不定式不再有否定意义，这里的 too 相当于 very，全句意思为“孩子们很容易犯这样的毛病。”
3 . There is ______ no one laughing at him . How kind they are !
A . nearly B . almost C . about D . hardly
答案 B . 四个选项中，只有A、B项含有“几乎，将近”的含义，符合句意，另外 nearly 不能用来修饰 no one 一类表示全部否定的词，而 almost 可以，因此只能选 B。
4 . I came to see him when he ______ to the cinema .
A . go B . goes C . went D . is going
答案 C . 在时间状语从句中，只有当主句是将来时的时候，从句用一般现在时表示将来，但其他情况下，主从句在时态上要保持一致，主句是过去的时态，从句也要用表示过去的时态，不可一律用一般现在时。
5.－ Must I go to school on Sunday ?
－ No , you .
A. don’t B. needn’t C. haven’t D. aren’t
答案：B。对must表“必须”的回答用needn’t“不必要”。
6. If he late again , he will be fired (解雇) 。
A. is B. will be C. is going to be D. does
答案：A 。条件状语从句用现在时代表将来时。
【动手动脑】
单元能力立体检测
※ 补全对话，每空一词
A：Be ( 1 ) ! A jeep is coming .
B：I must see my father in the hospital , and it's ( 2 ) there .
A：But you ( 3 ) cross the road from here . There's heavy traffic .
It's ( 4 ) dangerous to cross . A jeep ( 5 ) hit you .
B： ( 6 ) shall I cross the road , please ?
A：There , ( 7 ) the second turning . ( 8 ) be careful .
B：Thank you very much ( 9 ) helping me .
A：It's a ( 10 ) .
答案：1 . careful 2 . over 3 . mustn't / can't 4 . too 5 . may 6 . Where 7 . at 8 . and 9 . for 10 . pleasure
※ 单项选择
1 . There is little water in the glass , ______ ?
A . isn't there B . is there C . isn't it D . is it
2 . ______ I borrow your ruler please ?
A . May B . Shall C . Do D . Did
3 . The box is too heavy ______ him to carry ______
A . for , it B . with , it C . for , x D . with , x
4 . He is old enough ______ to school .
A . going B . to go C . goes D . go
5 . I saw the teacher ______ into the classroom .
A . come B . came C . to come D . coming
答案：1 . B 2 . A 3 . C 4 . B 5 . A
※ 不改变原意改变句子，使上下句意思一致。
1 . Uncle Wang is on a visit to Japan .
Uncle Wang ______ ______ Japan .
2 . It's so hot that I can't wear the coat .
It ______ ______ to ______ the coat .
3 . You mustn't eat anything until you see the doctor .
______ ______ anything ______ you see the doctor .
答案：1 . is visiting 2 . too hot , wear 3 . Don't eat , until 改写这样的句子，首先要看看被改写部分的含义，然后找出其同义词或短语，再用其正确形式就可以了。
【创新园地】
A ) 用 cross 和 across 填空
1 . The monkey ______ the mountain .
2 . They went ______ the river .
B ) 用 pleased , pleasure , pleasant 填空
1 . I will be ______ to help you .
2 . She is ______ with the present .
3 . It's a ______ .
4 . We had a ______ evening .
( 请同学们把填好的答案反馈给我们 )
答案：A . 1 . crossed 2 . across B . 1 . pleased 2 . pleased 3 . pleasure 4 . pleasant

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