初二英语第二十八单元Mainly Revision
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内容
一、教法建议

【 抛砖引玉 】
单元双基学习目标
Ⅰ. 词汇学习
tooth , shout , kill , in the end
Ⅱ. 语法学习
简单句的基本句型 ( 二 )
1 . 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语：
Mr Wu teaches us English
She brought me some tomatoes .
2 . 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语：
We can keep it warm .
I won't let you go .
【 指点迷津 】
单元重点词汇点拨
1 . shout 喊；高呼
“Help ! Help ! ”she shouted . 她大声呼喊：“救命 ! 救命 ! ”
There was a shout from the building . 那栋楼房里传出一声呼喊声。
〖 点拨 〗也可作名词。shout at … 对……大声叫嚷。
Please don’t shout at the little girl . She is afraid of you .
When I was walking in the street last Sunday , I heard my name was shouted by someone .
2 . tooth 牙齿
He keeps cleaning his teeth every day . 他坚持每天刷牙。
〖 点拨 〗注意其复数特殊为：teeth 。brush one’s teeth 刷牙。
brush还可以作“刷子”讲。
3 . kill 杀死，弄死
My mother killed the chicken for food . 我母亲把鸡杀了作菜吃。
〖 点拨 〗kill one’s time消磨时光。
Kill two birds with one stone . 一箭双雕。
单元词组思维运用
1 . the Great Wall ( 中国的 ) 长城
〖 提示 〗注意前加the。
I took these pictures on the Great Wall . 我在长城拍摄了这些照片。
I have been to the Great Wall several times .
Every year , a lot of foreigners come to China to visit the Great Wall .
2 . in the end 最后，终于
In the end we succeeded . 最后我们成功了。
In the end they won the match . 他们终于赢得了那场比赛。
Why did the monkey laugh in the end ? 为什么猴子最后大笑起来 ?
〖 提示 〗1 ) in the end 表示经过许多变化、困难和捉摸不定的情况之后才发生某事。in the end 通常放在句首或句尾。
2 ) at the end of 表示“在……的尽头”。by the end of 表示“在……结束之前”，“在……末为止”常和完成时搭配。
The hospital is at the end of the road . 医院就在这条路的尽头。
By the end of this week the shop will be closed . 在本周末之前，这商店要关闭。
3 . look for = be after 寻找
－ What are you looking for ? 你在找什么 ?
－ My pen is missing . I was using it a moment ago .
－ Where is Mum ?
－ She is looking for father . Where has he gone ?
注意由look构成的搭配：look after照料，look out小心，look through批阅，浏览, look at看，look sb in the face盯着某人的脸（不能用look at ）。
4 . Once there was / lived
= Once upon a time there was/ lived 从前有……
= Many years ago there was / lived 从前有……
= Long , long ago there was / lived 从前有……
Once there was an old tiger . 从前有这样一只老虎。
〖 提示 〗这一组词组，都是用在讲故事时开头的套语、开场白。
表示存在的there后可以用下列动词代替be ：there stand 耸立着……，there seems好象……。如：There stood a church near our school in the past .
5 . with these words 说完这些话
With these words he left the room . 说完这些话他就离开了这房间。
〖 提示 〗该短语表伴随作状语。
with常用在复合结构中，如：with + 宾语 + 形容词；with + 宾语 + 介词短语；with + 宾 语 + to do 。如：I found him alone in the classroom , with a book in his hand .
I like to sleep with the windows open , but she likes to sleep with the windows shut / closed .
6 . play with 玩耍；戏弄，捉弄
The boy is playing with his toy train . 那孩子在玩他的玩具火车。
Don't play with me .= Don’t play a joke on me . 别跟我开玩笑。
7 . be busy with 忙于从事
He was busy with his work . 他忙于工作。
〖 提示 〗be busy (in)doing 表示“忙于做某事”，但 doing 代表动名词。如：
My mother is busy cooking . 我母亲正忙于做饭。
二、学海导航
【 学法提要 】
单元句型思路明晰
1 . 简单句的五种句型 ( 二 )
1 ) 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
( 1 ) 间接宾语在此表示人，直接宾语在此表示物。
She bought me a dictionary . 她给我买了一本词典。
Pass me the paper , please ! 请把报纸递给我。
This little boy is always asking the teacher all kinds of questions .
这个小男孩老爱问老师各种各样的问题。
Will you tell us something about your school life ?
你给我们讲讲你们学校的生活好吗 ?
Can you tell me when the next train leaves ?
请问下一班火车什么时间天 ?
( 2 ) 间接宾语通常在直接宾语之前。也可以将间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，则需要借助介 词 to 或 for。如：
He brings me cookies every day .
He brings cookies to me every day . 他每天给我带甜饼来。
( 3 ) 如果直接宾语是代词，就须在间接宾语之前加介词 to，构成介词短语，并把这个短语 放在直接宾语之后。如：
I'll send it to you tomorrow . 我明天给你送来。
( 比较：I'll send you the book tomorrow )
( 4 ) 如果需要对间接宾语加以强调，也可放在直接宾语之后。
Bring the letter to me , not to Henry . 把信交给我，别交给亨利。
2 ) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
英语中有些及物动词，除了要有一个直接宾语外，还要加上宾语补足语，句子的意义才算完 整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。宾语补足语的作用有两个：或是表示宾语所代表的人 或东西所做的动作；或是与宾语有表语关系，说明宾语的状态、特征、身份等。
在复合宾语中，能作宾语补足语的有名词和形容词、以及其它相当于名词和形容词的词语。 现将复合宾语的各种形式举例如下：
( 1 ) 名词或代词宾格 + 名词 ( 作宾补 )
We elected Li Ping ( him ) monitor of our class . 我们选李平 ( 他 ) 当班长。
( 2 ) 名词或代词宾格 + 形容词 ( 作宾补 )
I always find her happy and gay . 我发现她总是那么高兴而愉快。
( 3 ) 名词或代词宾格 + 动词不定式 ( 作宾补 )
I told him to open the window . 我曾叫他开打窗子。
另：let , make , see , hear 等动词后的复合宾语中，如有动词不定式，须省去 to。如：
Don't let the cat out . 别让猫出去。
2 . 特殊的简单句：
1 ) 有时有两个或两个以上的主语共一个谓语 ( a ) ，或两个或两个以上的谓语共一个主语 ( b ) ，有时甚至有两个主语和两个谓语 ( c ) ，这样的句子仍然是简单句。如：
a )Tom , John and Mike are all my good friends .
b ) The boy jumped out bed , dressed hurriedly and ran downstairs . 这男孩跳下床，匆忙穿好衣服就跑下楼了。
c ) The teachers and the students all liked the place and wanted to stay there a little longer . 老师和学生都喜欢这个地方，想在那儿多待一会儿。
2 ) 有些简单句结构比较特殊，只包括一个字或一个成分，如：
a ) 问候告别语：Good morning ! / Hello ! / Nice to meet you !
b ) 感谢祝贺语：Thanks ( a lot ) ! / Many thanks ! / Happy birthday ! / Happy New Year ! / Happy birthday to you ! / The same to you !
c ) 感叹语： Oh dear ! / Well , well ! / My God ! / Goodness me ! 天啊 ！
单元难点疑点释疑
1 . He fell and hit his leg on the table . But he's OK now . 他跌倒了，腿撞在桌子 上。但现在好了。
句中 OK 意为“好了，没事了，没问题了”，是当形容词用。此处OK的用法与第103课中 He'll be OK if I do one small operation 中OK的用法相同。
除此之外，OK 在口语中用处很多，现将我们已经学过的用法总结在此。
1 ) OK = well ; fine ( a . ) 身体好
— How are you ?
— Fine , thank you . And you ?
— I'm OK . ( Book I P . 6 )
2 ) OK = not important ( a . ) 没关系
— But I'm afraid I may be a little late .
— That's OK . It doesn't matter . ( Book Ⅱ P . 70 )
3 ) OK = all right ( ad . ) 别客气，不用谢
— Thanks .
— That's OK . ( Book I P . 25 )
4 ) OK = Yes , Certainly , Of course ( ad . ) 行，好，可以
— It's a picture of my family .
— Oh , can I see it ?
— OK . ( Book I P . 41 )
5 ) OK = no ; of course not ( ad . ) ( 可根据具体语境采用灵活的译法 ) 。
— Don't climb that ladder ! It's broken .
— OK . Thanks . ( Book Ⅱ P . 28 )
6 ) OK = then ; all right then ( ad . ) 那么好吧
— I want to pick some bananas . I'm hungry !
— OK . We can have some for our picnic lunch . ( Book Ⅱ p . 99 )
7 ) OK = well ( 作感叹词用 ) 好，行
— What colour is it ?
— I think it's green .
— OK . Colour it green . ( Book Ⅰ P . 52 )
8 ) OK = will you ; shall we ; shall I ; may I ; may we 构成附加疑问句。用以征求 对方意见或请求对方许可。作“好吗，可以吗”解。
A： — Now let me call your names . OK ?
— Yes , Mr Hu . ( Book Ⅱ p . 1 )
B：Why don't come a little earlier ? About a quarter to . OK ( Book Ⅱ p . 21 )
9 ) OK = Is that right ? Is that all right ?
构成一般疑问句，“对吗，行吗”
— Let me help you . That's OK ?
— Thanks Dad ( Book Ⅰ p . 67 )
2 . She left her pen at home . 她把她的钢笔丢在家里了。
leave 在句中意为“遗忘，忘带”，表明忘在哪个地方。不同于 forget .
I left my book at home . 我把书丢在家里。
Mr . Smith left his hat in the car . 史密斯先生把帽子丢在汽车里了。
3 . Once there was an old tiger . 从前有这样一只老虎。
once 在句中意为“从前”，这是在讲述故事时常用的开头语。类似这样的表达还有：
Long Long ago …… 很久，很久以前
Once upon a time …… 从前
One day …… 一天
Many many years ago 多年以前
4 . Every day he made one of the small animals , bring him something to eat .
one of ( + 名词复数 ) 是“……之一”的意思。它作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 如：
Shanghai is one of the largest cities in China . 海是中国的大城市之一。
One of them is Tom . 他们中有一个叫汤姆。
注意：make sb do使某人干……。这里do作宾补，不能用to do 。
Her stepmother(继母) made her do a lot of washing .
5 . Go and bring me some food . 去拿些食物给我吃。
bring sb . sth 带给某人某物。如：
Father always brings me some cakes on Sunday . 爸爸星期天总给我带回一些糕点。
6 . He told me not to bring you anything . 他要我什么也别带给你。
tell sb . to do sth 告诉某人做某事。如：
He told us not to do that . 他要我们不要那么做。
Tell him to come on time . 要他准时来。
7. You needn’t come until six . 你到六点才需要来。
need一般在否定句和疑问句中作情态动词用。注意下列句子表达：
－ Need he come on time ?
－ Yes , he must . (No , he needn’t .)
8. 单元8—14要点回眸
※ in the front of 意为“在物体本身的前部”；in front of 意为“在物体之外的前 边”。如：
There’s a big blackboard in the front of our classroom . 我们教室前边有块大黑 板。
There’re a lot of flowers in front of our teaching building . 我们教学楼前有很多 花。
※ “keep + n . + adj . ”表示“使……保持……状态”。如：
We keep our classroom clean . 我们保持教学清洁。
The students must keep themselves healthy . 学生应保持健康。
※ look for 表示“寻找”的动作过程；find 表示“找到”的结果。如：
He was looking for his pen , but he didn’t find it . 他找他的钢笔，但是没有找 到。
※ “had better + ( not ) do”常用于提出劝告或建议。例如：
You’d better have a rest after supper . 晚饭后你最好歇会儿。
You’d better not stay up too late at night . 你最好别熬夜。
※ have 当“有”讲时，其疑问及否定式有两种。如：
He has not / doesn’t have a car . 他没有汽车。
Have you / Do you have any brothers ? 你有兄弟吗？
如果 have 不当“有”讲，就只有一种形式了。如：
I don’t have (不能说 I have not ) lunch at school . 我不在学校吃午饭。
Do you have (不能说 Have you ) lunch at school ? 你在学校吃午饭吗？
※ What’s wrong with sb．/ sth．?用于询问某人或某物“怎么了？”、“出什么毛病 了？”。如：
What’s wrong with your car ? 你的车出什么毛病了？ What’s wrong with Jack ? 杰克 怎么了？
※ 用 how 提问的句意对比：
How long did your father study English ? 你父亲学过多长时间英语？
How long is the river ? 这条河多长？ How far is your school from here ? 学校离这儿多远？
How often do you watch TV ? 你多长时间（频率）看一次电视？
How soon is your father back ? 你父亲再过多久回来？ How old is he ? 他多大年纪 了？
How many students are there in your class ? 你们班有多少学生？（对可数名词提问）
How much water is there in the glass ? 玻璃杯里有多少水？（对不可数名词提问）
※ in bed 与 on the bed 都表示“在床上”，但有不同。如：
The old man is ill in bed . 这位老人病在床上了。（ in bed 不用冠词，表示人躺 （卧）在床上。）
※ 有些动词，如 come , go , leave , stay , fly , arrive 等常用进行时态来表示事先 计划、安排的即将发生的动作。例如：
Jim is coming to supper . 吉姆要来吃晚饭。 I’m going to bed in a minute . 我一会 儿就去上学。
※ 问“星期几”与“几号”不同。如：
What’s the date today ? 今天是几号？ What day was it yesterday ? 昨天星期几？
※ “时间 + ago ”要与一般过去时连用。如：
My brother left school five years ago . 我哥哥是五年前离开学校的。
※ on one’s way to 意为“某人去……的路上”。如：
I saw him on my way to school . 我在上学的路上看见他。
注：on one’s way 后跟副词不用 to 。如：I saw him on my way home .
【 妙文赏析 】
Lasting a Lifetime
Sidney Hui's watch was old and it did not work well . It was either too fast or too slow . It spent more time in the repair shop than on his wrist . He decided to buy himself a new watch . He went into a jewelry shop and spoke to the saleswoman behind the counter .
“ I want to buy a new watch , please . Show me the best watch you have . ”
The saleswoman smiled happily . This was the kind of customer she liked .
“ Certainly , sir , ”she said , and showed Sidney a gold watch .
“ This watch is made of gold and has 24 jewels , ”she explained .
“ How much is it ? ”Sidney asked .
“＄5 , 000 , ”the saleswoman said .
“ Oh , ”Sidney said . “ I'm sorry . You did not understand me . I want to see the best watch you have for under ＄100 . ”
The saleswoman now lost interest in Sidney . She pushed some cheap watches at him .
“ Choose one of these , ”she said rudely . “ They are all under 100 . ”
Sidney picked up one of the watches , “ Will it last me a lifetime ? ”he asked .
“ Of course , ”the saleswoman said .
“ Then I'll buy it , ”Sidney told her . He paid for the watch and left the shop .
Two days later the watch stopped . Sidney could not make it start again . He took it back to the shop .
“ This watch is broken , ”he said to the saleswoman . “ You told me it would last me a lifetime . ”
“ When you bought it , sir , ”the saleswoman said , “ you didn't look very well . ”
注释：wrist 手腕，jewelry 珠宝，counter 柜台，customer 顾客，jewels 宝石，钻石， rudely 粗鲁地，saleswoman 女售货员，女营业员
赏析：“You didn’t look well .”的意思耐人寻味，令人发出会心的微笑。
【 思维体操 】
1. I speak without a voice ; I am small , light and fleet (快速的) . I express my master’s thoughts , and travel without feet . Who an I ?
2. What is it that we never borrow but often return ?
答案：1. A letter 2. Thanks
三、智能显示
【 心中有数 】
单元语法发散思维
根据每题汉语意思选择正确译文 ( 答案不止一个 )
1 . 这台机器怎么啦 ?
A . What's the wrong with the machine ?
B . What's the matter with the machine ?
C . What's wrong with the machine ?
D . What's matter with the machine ?
2 . 请问，到东方公园怎么走 ?
A . Excuse me , can you tell me the way to East Park ?
B . Excuse me , which is the way to East Park , please ?
C . Excuse me , can you tell me how I can get to East Park ?
D . Excuse me , how can I get to East Park , please ?
3 . 昨天她是步行到那里去的。
A . She walked there on foot yesterday .
B . She went for a walk there yesterday .
C . She went there on foot yesterday .
D . She walked there yesterday .
4 . 今天下午我要去买点东西。
A . I have some shopping to do this afternoon .
B . I'm going to do some shopping this afternoon .
C . I'll go shopping this afternoon .
D . I'll go out to do some shopping this afternoon .
5 . 您要什么 ?
A . What can I do for you ?
B . Can I help you ?
C . What do you want ?
D . What would you like ?
6 . 火车未停，不要开门。
A . Don't open the door until the train stops .
B . Don't open the door until the train will stop .
C . Don't open the door before the train stops .
D . Not open the door before the train stops .
7 . 他坐在我左边。
A . He sat to my left . B . He sat at my left .
C . He sat on my left . D . He sat at my left hand .
8 . 你是何时到达那村庄的 ?
A . When did you get the village ?
B . When did you get to the village ?
C . When did you reach to the village ?
D . When did you reach the village ?
9 . 他站在我前面。
A . He stood in front of me . B . He stood in the front of me .
C . He stood in front me . D . He stood before me .
10 . 再试一次怎么样 ?
A . What about trying again ? B . How about trying again ?
C . What about having a try again ? D . How about having a try again ?
答案：1 . B , C 2 . A , B , C , D 3 . C , D 4 . A , B , C , D 5 . A , B , C , D 6 . A , C 7 . A , B , C , D 8 . B , D 9 . A , D 10 . A , B , C , D
【 动手动脑 】
单元能力立体检测
※ 要点分析
1 . Did you have a good time ______ the party ?
A . at B . on C . in D . to
答案 A . 此处需要适当的介词帮助完成“在晚会上”的含义，at 当“在……上”讲强调出 席，参与”，on 当“在……上”讲时，强调两者实质上的接触 in , to 不含“在……上”之 意，因此要选用 at .
2 . — Must we finish our homework before ten o'clock ?
— No , you ______ .
A . mustn't B . needn't C . couldn't D . may not
答案 B . 由 must 引导的一般疑问句，其否定回答通常用 needn't 表示“不必，不需 要”。mustn't 表示“禁止，千万不要，”通常用来回答 may 引导的一般疑问句。
3 . ______ fine weather it is today ?
A . What B . How C . What D . How a
答案 A . 这是一个感叹句，要感叹的中心词为名词 weather ( 可从主语上分析出来 ) ，因此 应该用 what 来上导感叹句，另外 weather 为不可数名词。因此与 what 之间不可加不定冠词。
4 . He told me ______ bring you anything .
A . not to B . to not C . not D . don't
答案 A . 在 tell , ask , want , get , like 等动词的宾语后，都能接不定式作宾语补足 语，其不定式的否定形式是在 to 前加not。
※ Put the following Chinese into English after the model , using the words given in the brackets . ( 根据示例，用所给词语将下列句子译成英文 )
1 . ( write , write to ) 昨天你给迈克写信了吗 ?
a ) ______________________________________________ ?
b ) ______________________________________________ ?
2 . ( buy , buy for ) 爸爸要给我买一台收音机。
a ) ______________________________________________ ?
b ) ______________________________________________ ?
3 . ( pass , pass to ) 请把盐递给我。
a ) ______________________________________________ ?
b ) ______________________________________________ ?
4 . ( make , make for ) 妈妈给我弟弟做了件新衣服。
a ) ______________________________________________ ?
b ) ______________________________________________ ?
5 . ( show , show to ) 你要把这些照片给他们看吗 ?
a ) ______________________________________________ ?
b ) ______________________________________________ ?
答案：1 . a ) Did you write Mike a letter yesterday ? b ) Did you write a letter to Mike yesterday ? 2 . a ) My father will buy me a radio . b ) My father will buy a radio for me . 3 . a ) Please pass me the salt . b ) Please pass the salt to me . 4 . a ) My mother made my brother a new coat . b ) My mother made a new coat for my brother . 5 . a ) Are you going to show them the photos ? b ) Are you going to show the photos to them ?
【 创新园地 】
请你让他们对号入座：
1 . Could I speak to Miss Li ?
2 . Do you know the way to the People's Hospital ?
3 . I can't find my address .
4 . What a clever girl she is !
5 . Is she going to visit Beijing next month ?
6 . May I borrow your pen ?
7 . That read is very dangerous .
8 . We're late for the train .
9 . My bike is broken .
10 . She left her pen at home .
A . Sorry , I don't know . You'd better ask the man over there .
B . Sorry , she isn't here at the moment .
C . Sure . Here you are .
D . It may be in your pocket .
E . She can read and speak both English and Chinese .
F . No , she is going to Shanghai .
G . You'll have to mend it .
H . She can borrow a pencil .
I . We may catch it if we run .
J . We must cross it very carefully .
( 请同学们把填好的答案反馈给我们 )
答案：1 － 5 BADEF 6 － 10 CJIGH

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