Unit 18 New Zealand重、难点讲解(人教版高一英语下册教案教学设计) |
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1.Look at the map of China and the names of countries,islands and seas beyond China. 看看中国地图以及除中国外的其他国家、岛屿和海洋的名字。 beyond在本句中为介词,意为“在……的那边,远于;超出;除……之外。”如: The apples on the tree are beyond my reach. 我够不着树上的苹果。 I know nothing of it beyond what he told me. 除了他告诉我的别的我都不知道。 What lies beyond the mountains? 山的那边有什么? Don’t stay there beyond midnight. 不要过了半夜还呆在那儿。 2.The East China Sea lies to the east of Zhejiang Province. 东海位于浙江省的东面。 表示方法 ①通常用动词be和lie,be后接介词短语,lie后既可接介词短语,又可接副词短语。 如: Japan is to the east of China. Japan lies to the east of China. Japan lies east of China. ②有三个介词可分别表示方位:to,in,on。to表示在另一个地点的外部,译成“在…以…,在……面”;in表示范围内;on表示接壤。例如: Mexico is in the south of North America. 墨西哥位于北美的南部。 注意:表示某一山脉或界线,以东、以西、以南、以北必须用to。on还可表示“在……河畔”。 Nanjing lies on the Changjiang River. 南京位于长江之滨。 Guangdong lies to the south of Hubei. 广东在湖北以南。 Guangdong lies on the south of Hunan. 广东在湖南以南。(与湖南接壤) ③有时可以把副词短语放在句首加动词lie或stand,表示方位.(构成完全倒装句)。 East of the village stands a big factory. 3.Where is your great-grand father on your father’s side from? 你父亲的曾祖父是哪里人? ①on your father’s side意为“父亲的,你父亲的”。side在此意为“血统,世系,家系”。如: a cousin on my father’s side 父系的表亲 her aunt on her mother’s side 她的姨妈 ②be from = come from来自,是哪里人。如: He is / comes from Japan. 他是日本人。 4.It is made up of two large islands:North Island and South Island. 它(新西兰)由两大岛屿组成:北岛和南岛。 be made up of…由……组成(指由个体组成某个整体,此时为被动结构。) make up…组成…(此时为主动结构。)如: Our class is made up of 32 boys and 20 girls. = Thirty-two boys and twenty girls make up our class. 我们班由三十二个男生和二十个女生组成。 make up还可作“弥补;编造;整理;化妆”讲。例如: This story was made up by Tom. 这个故事是汤姆虚构的。 She always makes up before leaving. 在走之前,她总是化一下妆。 We must make it up to him somehow. 我们得想个办法赔偿他。 5.New Zealand is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean to the north and east,and the Tasman Sea to the south and west. surround…with…意为“用……把……围住”,常用于被动语态 be surrounded by / with,意为“(四周)被……包围,围住”。要表达“在某一面被包围,围住”,短语后面接介词to,by或on。例如: The village is surrounded by mountains on its sides. 这个村子三面环山。 6.It is about the same size as Japan. 新西兰大约和日本一样大。 the same…as…意为“与……一样/相同”。as后可接名词、代词、副词及从句。如: Your pen is the same as mine. according to the same rules as before. 根据以前的规则 注意:“the same +名词”后可接由as或that引导的定语从句。但是that强调的是同一件事情。例如: This is the same book as I lost the other day. 这本书和我前几天去的那本一模一样。 This is the same book that I lost the other day. 这正是我前几天丢的那本书。 7.The ocean and seas surrounding the islands are deep blue and many of New Zealand’s cities lie on a bay and have a natural deep harbour. 岛国的周围是蔚蓝色的海洋,新西兰许多城市都建在海湾上,拥有天然的深水港。 这里的介词on表示“在……水(旁),靠近……(水);沿着(水边)(at the side of a river or area of water)。”例如: Tianjin is on the Haihe River. 天津在海河河畔。 注意比较:on the coast与off the coast. 两者的意思都是“靠近岸边”,但前者表示在岸上;后者表示“在海上”。 8.The North Island is famous for an area of hot springs,some of which throw hot water high into the air. 北岛以一个地区的温泉而著称,其中的一些温泉喷到空中的水很高。 ①be famous for…意为“以……著名/出名”。for表示原因。如: China is famous for the Great Wall. 中国以长城而著称。 ②some of which throw…是一个非限制性定语从句,其标志是先行词与定语从句之间有逗号。此句中的which不能用that代替,that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world. 足球,一项很有趣的体育活动,全世界都在踢。 9.It is some 3500 kilometres from Polynesia to New Zealand,which they travelled in narrow boats. 从波利尼西到新西兰有3500公里,他们乘着狭长的小船前来。 ①此处“it”与“which”,均指代距离。 ②some在句中是副词,通常用于数字前,解释“大约(about)”。例如: That was some twenty years ago. 那是在大约20年前的事。 ③Polynesia(波利尼西亚)是位于大洋洲东部的中太平洋群岛,主要包括法属波利尼西亚、夏威夷、汤加等。 10.Captain James Cook took possession of the islands in 1769. 詹姆士•库克船长在1769年占领了这些岛屿。 take possession of意为“占领,占据;获得;占有”,其中possession是名词,意为“拥有,占有,所有,着迷,领土,财产(复数)”。如: He had few possessions. 他的财产很少。 a man of great possessions 富人 How did you get possession of it? 你是怎样得到它的? He gave up possession of the house. 他放弃了这房子的所有权。 possess是动词形式,意为“占有,拥有,持有”,如: He possesses(=owns)a gold watch. 他拥有一块金表。 11.By 1840 about 2000 Europeans,mainly British,had come to settle in New Zealand and the Maori signed an agreement with these settlers. 到1840年,大约有两千欧洲人,其中主要是英国人,就已经在新西兰定居了,毛利人跟这些定居者签订了一份协议。 ①by是介词,在此句中意思是“到……时为止”,表示时间。其后若跟过去时间,时态多用过去完成时;其后若跟将来时间,时态多用将来完成时。如: By the age of fourteen,he had learned advanced maths. 到十四岁时,他已学习高等数学。 By the end of this term,we’ll have learned 3000 English words. 到本学期末为止,我们将学会三千英语单词。 ②settle意为“定居;安置,安顿;解决,确定;使平静”。如: She has settled happily in America. 她在美国愉快地定居了。 We are settled in our new home. 我们入住新居。 We have settled who will pay for the meal. 我们已经定了由谁来付饭钱。 Wait until the excitement has settled down. 等到兴奋的情绪镇静下来再说。 ③sign在此句中是动词,意为“签名(于),署名(于)。”如: Both parties have signed the contract. 双方已经在合同上签字了。 His opinion is in agreement with mine. 他的意见和我的一致。 They have made an agreement about the plan. 他们在这个计划上意见一致了。 12.New Zealand has a population of about 3.8 million people,of which about 14 percent are Maori. 新西兰人口大约有三百八十万,其中约百分之十四是毛利人。 have a population of指的是“人口数量是……”。常用在“哪个地方有多少人口”这个句型中。如: Our city has a population of 10 million. 我们的城市有一千万人口。 population还有下列用法: ①population作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。如: The population of China is very large. 中国的人口很多。 ②但当population前有百分数或分数时,谓语动词常用复数。如: More than eighty percent of the population of China are farmers. 中国80%以上的人口是农民。 ③修饰population时,用large或small.如: The population of China is larger than that of Japan. 中国的人口比日本多。 ④对population提问时,用what不用how much.如: What was the population of Europe in 2003? 2003年欧洲的人口是多少? 13.The happier events are marked with speeches, singing and dancing. 在喜庆事件中,人们发表讲话,还载歌载舞来庆祝。 mark作“标记于,打分数,标志”讲时,常与with连用。如: The newly-painted floor was marked with footprints. 刚刚油漆过的地板留下了一些脚印。 The box is marked with“Made in China.” 那个箱子上标有“中国制造”字样。 14.New Zealand is an important agricultural country, with cattle farming on the North Island,while the hilly South Island has more sheep farms. 新西兰是个重要的农业国家,在北岛上养殖牛,而多山的南岛则有更多的绵羊农场。 ①with+宾语(cattle farming)+宾补(on the North Island),这是with的复合宾语结构。宾补除了是介词短语外,还可以是形容词、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等。此结构作状语。例如: The teacher entered the classroom with a book in her hand. I like sleeping with all the windows open. Lu Xun fought against the enemy with a pen as his weapon. 鲁迅用笔作为武器跟敌人作战。 With all the problems to settle,I’ll have a hard time. 所有的问题有待于解决,我的日子将不好过。 With the boy leading the way,they had no difficulty in finding the house. 有那个男孩领着路,他们很容易地就找到了那栋房子。 With his homework finished,the boy went to bed. ②while为连词,意为“而,然而”,表示对比。还有“当……时,虽然”。如: She likes English while he likes maths. Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 While he loves his students,he is very strict with them. 虽然他爱他的学生,可是他对他们很严格。 15.Some farmers have turned to keeping deer. 有一些农民已转向养鹿。 ①turn to在此句中意为“转到,把……转向”,to为介词,后跟名词或动名词作宾语。如: He turned to the study of medicine.他转向学医了。 After she left school,he became a teacher,but later he turned to driving. 他毕业后当过老师,后来转行开了车。 turn to还作“翻到……;向某人/某物寻求帮助/建议/同情”等。如: Please turn to page 42. 请把书翻到42页。 There was nobody in the street whom I could turn to for help. 街上没有一个我可以求助的人。 ②keep在这里解释“饲养(raise)”。 16.New Zealand wine is of high quality and is sold all over the world. 新西兰葡萄酒质量很好,销往全世界。 be of +(adj)n意为“具有……”,其中的名词多为抽象名词,如:help,use,importance,value等;也可为具体名词,如:age,weight,height,length,width,size等。此短语在句中作表语,定语或宾语补足语。 例如:The suggestion that he gave us is of no use.(表语) The woman of average height is our English teacher.(定语) 那位中等身材的妇女是我们的英语老师。 I found the book of great value.(宾补) |
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