新高二英语 Unit 9 Saving the Earth 讲析练(新课标版高一英语教案教学设计)
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【学习目标】
Ⅰ.语用目标
1．通过对本单元对话的学习，掌握表达同意(agreement)和假设(supposition)的典型句式，并能运用这些句式进行对话。
2．通过对本单元课文的学习，认识环境污染的危害性和环境保护的重要性，从而养成保护环境的好习惯。
3．进一步掌握说明文的阅读方法。

Ⅱ.语法目标
1．学会下列单词和词组

fit,be fit for,hear about,room,standing room，turn…into…
hillside,blow away,mile,Russia,shore,present(adj.),
dirty(v.),pour,square,square kilometres
die out,test,go off,separately,point to L.33
L.34

L.35
四会
damage,lecture,pollute,pollution,desert
area,cattle,cause,limit,gradually,in place,power，power station,sight,lose one's sight
living,probably,entire,text,notebook,monitor,joy，to one's joy L.33
L.34

L.35
三会
nuclear,nuclear waste,radiation
chemical,chemical rain,time and time again,Bhopal，the Mediterranean,Lake Baikal,tanker,Alaska
human，Bengal L.33
L.34

L.35
二会

2．掌握下列日常交际用语
It's a good idea to…
I agree with you.
Yes, it certainly is.
That's quite true.
If we go on polluting the world, it won't be fit for us to live in.
3．语法
学习并掌握过去分词作表语和定语的用法。

【学习障碍】
Ⅰ.理解障碍
1．如何使用表达同意和假设的各种方式
2．怎样理解各种环境污染的危害及解决方法

Ⅱ.解题障碍
1．如何使用下列单词和短语
be fit for, turn to, point to, die out, die away, waste time doing sth., none of, in place, blow away
2．如何掌握过去分词作表语和定语
3．怎样运用高考题透视对but的考查

【学习策略】

Ⅰ.语用策略
一、预测法
我们在预习本单元Lesson 34．Saving the earth可采用如下步骤进行阅读：
首先迅速浏览课文前的任务：Read the passages. Find the places on the map of the world where the damage has happened.从中我们可以获得信息：The passage is about damage to the world.
其次再浏览每段的小标题Earth, Air, Water,可知The damage to the world is made up of damage to earth, to air and to water.
然后我们就会猜测话题可能涉及的内容：What's the damage to earth, to air and to water? Are there any examples? How do we deal with such problems?
根据上述问题，我们可以制成下表，为下一步细读获取信息做准备。
DAMAGE TO THE WORLD
(1)Damage to earth： (2)Damage to air： (3)Damage to water：
causes：causes：causes：
Examples：Examples：Examples：
Ways out：Ways out：Ways out：
最后带着表格中所提到的问题，我们去仔细阅读课文，便可完成下面这个表。
(1)Damage to earth：The area of desert in the world is growing every year. Good soil is gradually lost.
Causes：too many cattle, not enough rain, cutting down trees, strong winds.
Examples：Dunhuang in China was once a great city.
Ways out：To limit the number of the cattle.
(2)Damage to air：air pollution
Causes：smoke from factories,power stations and cars
Example：accidents at nuclear power station in Russia in 1986．
(3)Damage to water：water pollution
Causes：wastes from factories and cities,oil tanker accidents.
Example：An oil tanker hit a rock off the northwest coast of Alaska in 1989．
这样一来，我们通过把握文脉，抓住整体结构，再进一步以篇章框架为依托，获取综合信息，深层理解课文，提高了自己的阅读及分析能力。通过对这种阅读方法的反复实践，可提高做阅读理解题的能力，特别是选“best title”或找出“main idea”之类的主旨理解题。

二、归纳练习法
在日常生活中，我们常要对某事或某人的看法表示赞同或反对。如何表示“赞同”或“反对”也是一门艺术。
1．Asking if someone agrees(询问某人是否赞同)
Do you agree with what he said at the meeting?
你同意他在会上所讲的话吗？
Do you agree to my plan?你同意我的计划吗？
Do you agree with him?你同意他的看法吗？
Do you agree with me about the plan?你同意我的计划吗？
Don't you agree?你不同意吗？
Do you agree that we should have a party this Saturday evening?
你同意我们本周六晚举行聚会吗？
Don't you think she is late?你不认为她迟到了吗？
Don't you think so?你不这样认为吗？
Do you think the same as I do?跟我想的一样吗？
2．Agreeing(赞同)
I'm with you.我同意你。
It certainly is!的确是这样。
Right./Yes./Correct./That's right./All right.对。
There's no doubt about it.对此是毫无疑问的。
That's just what I was thinking.这正是我所想的。
So do I.我也一样。
I think/suppose/believe so,too.我也这样想。
I agree with you altogether.我完全同意。
That's just my own opinion.这正是我自己的意见。
Sure/Certainly.当然(可以)。
I agree.我同意。
3．Agreeing with reservation(有保留地赞同)
I agree on the whole,but things are not so simple.
总的来说我同意，但事情并非这么简单。
I don't altogether agree with you.我并不完全同意你。
I quite agree with what you said,but we may have better ways.
我完全同意你所说的，但我们可能会有更好的办法。
4．Disagreement(不赞同)
To be honest,I don't think what you said is true.
老实说，我认为您说的并不真实。
I'm afraid I have a different opinion.恐怕我有不同的意见。
Excuse me,but you are wrong.很抱歉，你错了。
I don't agree with you (at all).我(一点)不同意你。
I don't think so (I think not).我不这么认为。
Sure/Certainly not.当然不。
You can't be serious!你不是当真的吧！
I'm afraid not.恐怕不会如此。
下面来练习一下
A Situational Dialogue
A：I think smoking and drinking in school should be completely forbidden.
B：I quite agree with you.
A：Students should be punished if they are caught smoking or drinking.
B：That's exactly what I think.
A：And I suggest that the students who smoke and drink should be kept from entering the classroom.
B：That's exactly my opinion.

Ⅱ.语法策略
一、同步语法
过去分词作表语和定语
过去分词是非谓语动词的一种，它在句中可用作表语和定语。
1．过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态，其作用相当于一个形容词。如：
All the windows are broken.所有的窗户都是破的。
The teacher is quite satisfied with my work.老师对我的工作很满意。
She looked disappointed.她显得很失望。
Don't get excited!别激动。
要注意过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别。过去分词作表语从形式上看与被动语态相同，但过去分词多表示主语所处的状态，而被动语态则表示主语所承受的动作。如：
The window is broken.这个窗户是破的。(过去分词)
The window was broken by a boy yesterday.
这个窗户是昨天一个男孩打破的。(被动语态)
2．过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语有两种情况：
(1)单个的过去分词作定语。
单个的过去分词作定语，通常要放在被修饰的名词之前。
①及物动词的过去分词作定语，具有被动和完成意义。如：
a broken cup 一个破茶杯
a wounded soldier 一名伤兵
an unexpected guest 一位不速之客
the excited crowd 激动的人群
②不及物动词的过去分词作定语，具有主动和完成意义。如：
a retired worker 一名退休工人
a developed country 一个发达的国家
a grown woman 一名成年妇女
fallen leaves 落叶
(2)过去分词短语作定语。
过去分词短语作定语，通常要放在被修饰的名词之后，其作用相当于一个定语从句。如：
This is one of the factories built (＝which was built) in the 1960s.
这是20世纪60年代修建的一个工厂。
Most of the people invited(＝who were invited) to the reception were our old friends.
应邀参加招待会的大部分人都是我们的老朋友。
What's the language spoken(＝which is spoken) in that area?
那个地区讲的是什么语言？
but考点讲与练
but在英语中是一个词义丰富、用法灵活、复现率极高的小词。纵观高考命题，but也倍受命题者青睐。
请看：
［考点一］考查but用在表示歉意的话后引起一个分句的用法，这个but通常不译成汉语，构成的常见结构为Excuse me,but…/I am(feel) sorry,but…
(NMET 2002)Excuse me for breaking in,________________ I have some news for you.
A．so
B．and
C．but
D．yet
答案：C
［考点二］考查but充当并列连词的用法。but充当并列连词，表示与上句意义上的转折。
注意：but充当并列连词时应注意两点：
(1)汉语中常说“虽然……，但是……”，但在英语中Although/Though…but却是错误的搭配，但可以说Although/Though…yet…。
(2)but,however,while意义辨析：
but通常表示与上句意义上的转折，however表示轻微委婉的转折，常用逗号与上句隔开，必须另起新句；while表示与上句的对比陈述。
(2002北京高考)—Would you like to come to the dinner party here on Saturday?
—Thank you.I'd love to,________________ I'll be out of town at the weekend.
A．because
B．and
C．so
D．but
答案：D
Jammy caught the school bus,________________.
A．and Jane didn't either
B．but so did Jane
C．and Jane didn't neither
D．but Jane didn't
答案：D
Although he is considered a great writer,________________.
A．his works are not widely read
B．but his works are not widely read
C．however his works are not widely read
D．still his works are not widely read
答案：A
［考点三］考查but充当介词构成的惯用句型。but充当介词，意义为“除了……之外，没有(只有)”，构成的惯用法有have no choice but to do sth.(除了……别无选择，只有)。do nothing but do sth.(只有)等。
(2001上海春季)Sandy could do nothing but ________________ to his teacher that he was wrong.
A．admit
B．admitted
C．admitting
D．to admit
答案：A

二、同义、近义辨析法
1．fit,be fit for,be fit to
fit(vt.&vi.) (衣物等)合适；使合身。如：
This coat does not fit me.这件大衣不适合我穿。
The window fits badly.这窗子很难关。
be fit for 适合；能胜任。其中fit是形容词，意为“适合的，能胜任的”，for 后面接名词或动名词。如：
The water in this river is fit for drinking.这条河里的水可以喝。
The man is not fit for the post.那人不能胜任他的工作。
Your shoes are unfit for travelling.你的鞋子不适合旅行。
be fit to适合；能胜任。在这个短语中，fit也是形容词，to为动词不定式符号，因此后面接动词原形。如：
The water in the well is fit to drink.这口井里的水可以喝。
The girl is easy to get angry,so she is not fit to be a teacher.
那位姑娘容易生气，因此不适合当教师。
The food is not fit to eat.那食物不能吃。
2．turn to,turn into,turn…into…
turn to转向，转到，翻到，查阅，求助，变成。如：
Many eyes turned to a tall,20－year－old black girl in the U.S.team.
许多双眼睛都转向美国队的一个二十岁的高个子黑人姑娘。
The teacher told the students to turn to page 150．
老师叫学生们把书翻到１５０页。
You can turn to the police if you are in trouble.
如果你有困难，可向警察求助。
turn into变成。如：
The ancient city has turned into an industrial base.
这座古老的城市已变成工业基地。
In the sun,the ice in the basin turned into water.
在阳光下，脸盆里的冰变成了水。
turn…into… 把……变成……。如：
The teacher told the students to turn this passage into English.
老师叫同学们把这篇短文译成英语。
Water can be turned into steam if it is heated to a very high temperature.
如果水加热到很高的温度，它会变成水蒸气。
3．point to,point at,point out
point to指向，说明，显示。如：
Both the hour hand and the minute hand of the clock now pointed to twelve.
这时，钟的时针和分针都指向十二点。
There shouldn't be any more doubts because numerous facts point to the same conclusion.
大量事实都表明同样的结论，所以不应该再有什么怀疑了。
point at指着；把……指向或对准。如：
It is rude to point your fingers at foreigners.
用手指指着外国人是不礼貌的。
point out指出。point out是动词加副词构成的及物动词词组，如果代词作宾语时，要把代词放在out之前。如：
Will you point out the girl who was brave enough to catch the robber?请你指出那个勇敢捉盗贼的女孩好吗？
Thank you for pointing out our shortcomings.
感谢你指出了我们的缺点。
4．die out, die away
die out消失，消亡，熄灭。通常指动物或植物的死光或绝种，火的熄灭或旧风俗习惯的不复存在。如：
This kind of tiger has already died out.这种虎已经绝种。
The fire died out.火熄灭了。
The old custom died out years ago.这种旧风俗已绝迹多年。
die away渐消，渐弱。通常指光、声音等的渐渐消失和风等的停下来。如：
The noise of the plane died away in the distance.
飞机的喧闹声在远处渐渐地消失了。
The hum of conversation died away as the chairman took his place.
当主席就坐时，会场上的嗡嗡谈话声渐渐消失了。

三、意群记忆法
1．waste
Now,however,the waters of this great lake which is also the world's deepest(over 1 740 meters),have been dirtied by waste from a chemical factory.
waster(v.&n.)意为“浪费、废物”。作名词时，常使用句式a waste of…。如：
If you buy so expensive a dress,it will be a waste of money.
作动词时，其用法和动词spend相似，主要用法如下：
waste＋n.如：We mustn't waste any time or money.
waste…on…如：Don't waste time on the house.
waste…(in) doing…如：Don't waste time(in) talking with him.He won't listen.
2．If none of us knew the name of the plant,we wrote “unknown” in our notebooks.
none(pron.)意思是“没有任何东西或人；一个人也没有(＝no one)”，是三者或三者以上(all)的否定形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。
注意：
(1)no one不能与of介词短语连用。
(2)回答how much或how many提出的疑问时，只能用none,不能用no one来回答。如：
None of the students in our class like/likes to laugh at others.
—How many elephants can you see?
—None.
3．in place 在适当的位置。如：
Mother asked Mary to keep all the things in place.
母亲要玛丽把所有的东西放在该放的地方。
We left the used tools on the farm in place.
我们把所有用过的工具安放在农场合适的地方。
4．blow away 刮跑，吹走。如：
It's not easy to blow the young trees away.把小树刮走是不容易的。
The strong wind blew the hunter's hat away.
大风把猎人头上的帽子刮跑了。

四、同步写作法
运用上面所述的语言知识设计一个题为Saving our earth的短文(100字左右)。
One possible version：
Saving our earth
Our earth is getting more and more polluted.Waste gases are sent off from factories,power stations and cars.Because of air pollution,many kinds of birds are dying out.Waste water flows into the rivers or lakes,almost none of which is treated before flowing into the seA．Good soil is gradually lost.Because when trees are cut down,there is nothing to hold the soil in place.Besides,strong winds blow away the top valuable soil.
If humans do nothing to stop pollution,perhaps it will not be long before the earth isn't fit for us to live in.Someone says jokingly,pointing to space “Maybe we will turn to other planets for help some day.”
But we have only one earth.It belongs to you,to me,to everyone.Let's do what we can to save our earth.
【同步达纲练习】
Ⅰ.单项选择
过去分词
1．Cleaning women in big cities usually get ________________ by the hour.
A．pay
B．paying
C．paid
D．to pay
2．(NMET 2001)As we joined the big crowd I got ________________ from my friends.
A．separated
B．spared
C．lost
D．missed
3．(2003年北京春季高考)Mr. Smith,________________ of the ________________ speech, started to read a novel.
A．tired；boring
B．tiring；bored
C．tired；bored
D．tiring；boring
4．Most of the artists ________________ to the party were from South AfricA．
A．invited
B．to invite
C．being invited
D．had been invited
5．The computer centre,________________ last year,is very popular among the students in this school.
A．open
B．opening
C．having opened
D．opened
6．The first textbooks ________________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A．having written
B．to be written
C．being written
D．written
7．The Olympic Games,________________ in 776 BC,did not include women players until 1912．
A．first playing
B．to be first played
C．first played
D．to be first playing
8．(2002年北京高考)—How do you deal with the disagreement be tween the company and the customers?
—The key ________________ the problem is to meet the demand ________________ by the customers.
A．to solving；making
B．to solving；made
C．to solve；making
D．to solve；made
9．(2002春季高考)Prices of daily goods ________________ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A．are bought
B．bought
C．been bought
D．buying
10．(2001年上海高考)When climbing the hill, John was knocked unconscious by an ________________ rolling stone.
A．untouched
B．unexpected
C．unfamiliar
D．unbelievable
同意与不同意
11．Father didn't ________________ us to use his computer.
A．agree
B．hope
C．allow
D．let
12．—The problem wasn't difficult for him, was it?
—________________.He should have been given a more difficult one.
A．No, it was
B．Yes, it was
C．Yes, it wasn't
D．No, it wasn't
13．—Not all present would believe what the reporter said,I'm afraid.
—________________.
A．So do I
B．Nor am I
C．I agree
D．I'm afraid, too
14．—Do you think he will be back before 6：00 this afternoon?
—________________.
A．I think not
B．I don't think it
C．I am not afraid so
D．I believe
15．—Tom works hard at his lessons.
—________________ and ________________.
A．So he does；so you do
B．So he does；so do you
C．He does so；you do so
D．So does he；so do you
16．I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with ________________.
A．everything
B．anything
C．something
D．nothing
其他
17．They were very tired, but ________________ of them would stop to take a rest.
A．any
B．some
C．none
D．neither
18．Some people would rather ride bicycles as bicycle riding has ________________ of the trouble of taking buses.
A．nothing
B．none
C．some
D．neither
19．You're ________________ your time trying to persuade him；he'll never join us.
A．spending
B．wasting
C．losing
D．missing

Ⅱ.阅读理解
When a magazine for high－school students asked its readers what life would be like in twenty years, they said：Machines would be run by solar power. Building would rotate so they could follow the sun to take maximum advantage of its light and heat. Walls would “radiate light” and “change color with the push of a button”. Food would be replaced by pills. School would be taught “by electrical impulse while we sleep”. Cars would have radar. Does this sound like the year 2000? Actually, the article was written in 1958 and the question was “What will life be like in 1978?”
The future is much too important to simply guess about, the way the high school students did, so experts are regularly asked to predict(预言) accurately(准确地).By carefully studying the present, skilled businessmen, scientists, and politicians are supposedly able to figure out in advance what will happen. But can they? One expert on cities wrote：Cities of the future would not be crowded, but would have space for farms and fields. People would travel to work in “airbuses”, large all－weather helicopters carrying up to 200 passengers. When a person left the airbus station he could drive a coin－operated car equipped with radar. The radar equipment of cars would make traffic accidents “almost unheard of”. Does that sound familiar? If the expert had been accurate it would be, because he was writing in 1957．His subject was “The City of 1982”.
If the experts sometimes sound like high－school students, it’s probably because future study is still a new field. But economic(经济的) predicting has been around for a long time. It should be accurate, and generally it is. But there have been some big mistakes in this field, too. In early 1929, most predictors saw an excellent furture for the stock market. In October of that year, the stock market had its worst losses ever.
One predictor knew that predictions about the future would probably be wrong. In 1957, H.J. Rand of the Rand Corporation was asked about the year 2000, “Only one thing is certain,” he answered.” Children born today will have reached the age of 43．”
1．High－school students' answers to “What would life be in 1978?”sound ____________.
A．accurate
B．imaginative
C．correct
D．OK
2．According to the writer, forecasting is fairly accurate in _______________.
A．politics
B．science
C．agriculture
D．economics
3．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Predictions are accurate.
B．Professionals sometimes sound like high－school students.
C．There have been some big mistakes in the field of economic forecasting.
D．Predictions about the future will probably be wrong.
4．The present passage was most probably written ________________.
A．just before 2000
B．in 1958
C．after 1982
D．in 1957
5．H.J.Rand's prediction about the year 2000 shows that ________________.
A．it is easy to figure out in advance what will happen
B．it is difficult to figure out in advance what will happen
C．only experts can figure out in advance what will happen
D．very few experts can figure out in advance what will happen

参考答案
【同步达纲练习】
Ⅰ.单项选择
过去分词
1．C 过去分词paid作系动词get的表语，类似的用法还有：get married,get beaten,get excited,get caught in等。
2．A 句意为：当我们走进人群中时，我和朋友们分开了。
3．A 现在分词常常表示特征，意为“令人……”，而过去分词则表示状态，意为“(某人)感到……”。
4．A 句中的most of the artists与invited之间是被动关系，故应选用过去分词，相当于who were invited。
5．D 根据句中的last year可知the computer centre去年就开业了，表示完成的动作；而且open与the computer centre又存在被动关系，句意为：去年开办的计算机中心在这所学校里受到学生们的欢迎。
6．D 因为written既表示被动又表示完成的动作。A不能作后置定语，B是不定式的被动语态，表示将来的动作，C表示正在进行的动作，均不合题意。
7．C 根据题意可知，the Olympic Games与play之间是被动关系，因此可以排除A和D，另外B表示将来的动作，也应排除，故答案为C。它可还原成一个非限制性定语从句：which was first played in 776 BC。
8．B the key to其中的to是介词后跟v.－ing形式,“表示……的关键”。made by the customers是过去分词作定语。
9．B 过去分词短语作定语。
10．B 意料之外的。
同意与不同意
11．C allow sb. to do sth.而agree/hope to do.不能用agree/hope sb. to do。
12．D 从He should have been give a more difficult one意为“本应该给他一更难的问题”。可以看出the problem was not difficult。
13．C 同意对方的观点。
14．A
15．B 陈述前面提到的人或物不用倒装，但陈述不同的人或物时，要用倒装语序。
16．A not…everything，部分否定。
其他
17．C none三者以上的全部否定。
18．B none否定the trouble of taking buses。
19．B waste time doing sth.

Ⅱ.阅读理解
1．B 这是一道结合文章内容分析判断题。根据短文第一段中中学生的预言二十年后人们的生活情况：Machines would be run by solar power…School would be taught “by electrical impulse while we sleep”.Cars would have radar.可以判断出，中学生的预言从总体上看充满了想象力，故最佳答案选B。
2．D 这是一道细节判断题。由短文第三段中But economic predicting has been around for a long time.It should be accurate,and generally it is.可知，经济预测应该是并且常常是准确有的，故D项正确。
3．A 这是一道正误判断题。B、C两项可根据短文第三段中的If the experts sometimes sound like high－school students及But there have been some big mistakes in this field,too.这两处信息得到证实；D项为短文最后一段首句中的predictions about the future would probably be wrong原句；只有A项在短文中找不到依据，故A为最佳选项。
4．C 这是一道推理判断题。综合短文第二段中If the expert had been accurate it would be, because he was writing in 1957．His subject was “The City of 1982”.和短文最后一段中In 1957,H.J.Rand of the Rand Corporation was asked about the year 2000,“Only one thing is certain,” he answered.” Children born today will have reached the age of 43．”这几处信息就可以推断出，这篇短文很可能是1982年之后写的，故最佳答案选C。
5．B 这是道深层理解题。短文最后一段首句One predictor knew that predictions about the future would probably be wrong.阐述了预测未来的不确定性。该段中H.J.Rand关于对2000年预测的话，其深层含义则是谁也无法准确地预测到明天究竟会发生什么事情，因此最佳答案应选B。

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