高一英语重点词语用法《2》(新课标版高一英语教案教学设计) |
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1.介词between和among的用法及区别 1)between(prep)“在(两者)之间”;一般只指在两者或两部分之间。例如: ①There is a profound and lasting friendship between China and Korea. 中朝两国之间有深厚和永恒的友谊。 ②The Yalu River flows between China and Korea. 鸭绿江介于中朝两国之间。 【注意】偶尔between也可用来指三个或三个以上之间,这种情况实际上 仍是指其中一个和其他中间的一个之间的关系。如: ③Laos lies between China, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. 老挝位于中国、缅甸、泰国、柬埔寨和越南之间。 ④The friendly relations between the peoples are profound and lasting. 各族人民之间的友好关系是深厚的和永恒的。 2)among(prep)“在……中间”;表示在三个或三个以上的人或物中间,后面通常接集体名词或可数名词复数形式。例如: ①I saw him among the crowd. 我看见他在人群中。 ② He came from a village among the hills. 他来自群山中的一个村庄。 2.while[wail]的用法 1)while可以用作并列连词,表示对比意义,译为“而”,“却”。例如: ①Instead, he asked his father why he was not able to hatch chickens, while hens could. 他反而问他父亲为什么他不能孵小鸡,而母鸡却能。 ②Jane was dressed in blue, while Mary dressed in red. 珍妮穿蓝色衣服,而玛丽却穿红色衣服。 2)while还可以用作从属连词,作“在……期间”,“当……时候”讲,使用时应注意它与用作从属连词的when的区别: when引导的时间状语从句,即可表示“一段时间”,又可表示“一点时间”,因此从句的谓语动词既可以是延续性的,也可以是非延续性的。如: ①I hope to see you when(while)I stay in Beijing on business. (一段时间)当我出差北京时,希望见到你。 ②When the clock struck twelve, all the lights went out. (一点时间)当钟敲响十二下时,灯全部熄灭了。 【注意】while引导的时间状语从句只能表示“一段时间”所以 while从句的谓语动词应是延续性动词(或状态动词)。例如: ①While I stayed(or was) in Shanghai, I saw her three times. 我在上海期间见到她三次。 如果从句的谓语动词是延续性的,可以用while也可以用when。例 如: ②While(When) we were having a meeting, a stranger came in. 我们在开会时,一个陌生人走了进来。 3.still, yet和already的用法比较 1)still表示某事仍在进行中,意为“仍然”,“还”。例如: ①I am still busy, I have not finished my work yet. 我仍然很忙,我没有干完这个活儿。 ②How to take some useful things out of the waste materials and use them again is still a big problem. 怎样从废料中提取有用的东西并加以重新利用 仍然是个大问题。 2)yet作“已经”解时,通常用于疑问句或否定句;作“还,仍然”解时,与not 连用,表示还没有。 3)already的意思是“已经”,通常用于肯定句。例如: 他们已经充分利用了废水。 4.助动词do的用法 在肯定句中,为了避免重复出现前面已经用过的某个动词时,通常用 助动词do。例如: ①It's important to listen to people carefully, and I usually do. 仔细倾听别人的意见是重要的,我通常也是这样做的。 5.over和across和区别 1)over和across都可用来表示“向(或在)某一长形物体如街道、马路、河流的另一边。” ①We walked over/across the road. 我们走过马路。 ②He lives just over/across the river? 他就住在河对面。 【注意】over可用于水面上动作,不能用于水中动作。 ③How long will it take to swim across the river? 游过这条河需要多久。(不能用over)。 2)over和across都可用来表示“在某一高形物体的另一边”,表示状态。 ④If we can be over/across the mountain before sunrise, there will be hope to win. 如果日出前我们能翻过那座山,就有希望获胜。 【注意】表示“越过”某一高形物体,用over与动词搭配,不用across。 ⑤When I saw him, he was climbing over the fence. 我看到他时,他正翻过围墙。(不用across) 3)across可用来表示从某一范围的一边到另一边,如田野、沙漠、房间等。 ⑥It took him six weeks to walk across the desert. 他花了六个星期走过沙漠。(不用over) ⑦He walked across the room, smiling strangely. 他走到房间的另一边,脸上挂着令人捉摸不透的微笑。(不用over) 6.however的用法 作副词时可放在句首,句中或句尾,但是要用逗号隔开。在句首时逗号与在它后面,在句尾时逗号在其前面,在句中时,其前后均用逗号隔开。 与but的区别是:but语气不如however强,且不需要加逗号隔开。例如: ①It's raining hard. However, I think we should go to school on time. 雨下得很大,但我认为我们仍然要按时去上学。 ②She waited, however, for no answer. 她仍在等,尽管没有回音。 ③The students thought they had done everything as the teacher did. They were mistaken, however. 学生们认为他们已经按老师的要求做到了,然而他们错了。 重要词组短语 1.in English意为“使用英语”,in表示“用某种语言”。例如: ②Can you speak in Japanese? 你可以用日语讲话吗? ②This article was written in American English. 这篇文章是用美国英语写成的。 2.written English意为“书面英语”;spoken English意为“口语英语”;Englishspeaking country意为“讲英语的国家”;spelling differences意为“拼写差异”。例如: ①He is good at written English. 他的书面英语很好。 ②They practise speaking in English in order to improve their spoken English. 他们练习用英语讲话,以提高英语口语水平。 ③The USA, Canada, Australia, England and New Zealand are all English-speaking countries. 美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、英国、新西兰都是讲英语的国家。 3.more or less 意为“或多或少”,“在一定程度上”,表示自己的意见不那么肯定。例如: ①We hope our explanation will prove more or less helpful. 希望我们的说明多少能有些帮助。 ②I must have given him a hundred pounds more or less. 我给他的钱大约有一百英镑了。 ③His teaching method has more or less improved. 他的教学方法多少有些改进了。 ④The repairs to the house will cost¥5,000 more or less. 修理这座房子将花费大约5,000元。 4.for example与such as的用法及区别 1)for example和such as都可当作“例如”解。但such as用来列举事物,插在被列举事物与前面的名词之间。例如: ①The farm grows various kinds of crops, such as wheat, corn, cotton and rice. 这个农场种植各种各样的庄稼,例如麦子,玉米,棉花和稻米。 【注意】 (1)such as一般不宜与and so on连用。 (2)对前面的复数名词部分起列举作用,一般不全部列出。故不可以说: He knows four languages, such as Chinese, English, French and German. 应将such as改成namely, 后面加逗号。即:He knows four languages, namely, Chinese, English, French and German. 2)for example意为用来举例说明,有时可作为独立语,插在句中,不影响句子其他部分的语法关系。例如: ①A lot of people here, for example, Mr John, would rather have coffee. 这儿的许多人,例如约翰先生,宁愿喝咖啡。 5.由come构成的重要短语 观察以下例句中come所构成的短语,理解其意思,掌握其用法。 ②I came across an old school friend in the street a few days ago. 几天前我在街上碰见一个老同学。 ③Have you ever come across anything like this before? 你以前碰到过这样的事情吗。 ④She came along with us. 她是和我们一起来的。 ⑤The bear came at the man. 熊朝那个人扑去。 ⑥Have they came to any agreement? 他们达成协议了吗? ⑦The soldier came to himself in the end. 那战士终于醒了过来。 ⑧Your wishes will come true one day. 你的愿望总有一天成为现实。 ⑨Stories about the Nile have come down to us. 有关尼罗河的故事传到了我们这一代。 ⑩Will the colour come out if the shirt is washed? 这件衬衫洗后会不会褪色? (11)The temperature has come down to the freezing point. 温度已降到了冰点。 (12)He said he wasn't coming back for the holiday. 他说他不准备回来度假了。 (13)He came over to meet us. 他跑过来迎接我们。 (14)Now let's come to the text. 现在我们来学课文。 (15)He came up and asked me the way to the school. 他走到我跟前,打听去学校的路。 (16)Who came first in the exam? 这次考试谁得第一? (17)Oh, come on, Mary, do sing us a song, 来吧,玛丽,给我们唱首歌吧。 (18)I'm sure the machine will come into use one day. 我相信总有一天这种机器会被广泛使用的。 (19)The meeting came to an end at ten. 会议十点结束。 (20)Several questions came up at the meeting. 好多个问题在大会上被提了出来。 (21)Won't you come over/round and meet my family. 过来见见我的家人好吗? (22)A button has come off my coat. 我的上衣丢了个扣子。 (23)The seeds haven't come up yet. 种子还没有发芽。 (24)Leaves and flowers come out when spring comes. 春天到来时,就会长出树叶,开出花朵。 (25)When will your father's book come out? 你爸爸的书什么时候能出版? 6.a great many等表示“许多”的词语 英语中有许多词语可用来表示“许多”,根据性质可分为三大类。 1)修饰可数名词复数形式的有 many, a good/great many, quite a few, a large (或great)/small number of等,其后的谓语动词用复数形式。如: ①A great/good many words and expressions have come into the language from American English. 美国英语中的许多单词和短语进入了这门语言。 ②Many have come to visit the old temple. 许多人来是为了看看古庙。 ③Quite a few people didn't understand this. Very few would accept it. 有许多人不明白这一点。很少有人愿意接受。 ④A great/small number of new factories have been set up in my hometown. 我们家乡建立了许多新的工厂。 ▲many和few, a few在句中可作定语、主语,但不能作表语。如只能说I have many/few books, 而不能说 My books are many/few. ▲very many相当于a great/good many, 在程度上比many要强。 ▲a number of修饰主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,the number of…作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如: ⑤A number of students have done the work well. 许多学生作业做得很好。 ⑥The number of the students in our school has risen this year. 今年我们学校学生的数量上升了。 句⑤的 A number of作定语修饰主语 students。句⑥的介语短语 of the students in our school作定语,修饰前面的主语 the number, 表示特指,students 前的冠词the不能省。 2)修饰不可数名词的有much, a great deal of, quite a little, an amount of等。其后的谓语动词用单数形式。如: ①He has spent much/quite a little/a great deal of/a large amount of money on his new house. 他在新房子上花费了许多钱。 ②Much/A great deal/Quite a little has been done to stop the noise. 已采取了许多措施来制止污染。 ▲much, a great deal和 many一样,可作定语或主语,而不能作表语,我们一般说 He has much/a great deal of money, 而不说 His money is much(或a great deal)。 ▲a great deal后面不接名词时,不能用介词of。 3)既能修饰可数名词,又能修饰不可数名词的有 a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great quantity of等,谓语动词根据主语是可数或不可数决定单复数形式。如: ①There are a lot of/lots of people in that room. 那个房间里有许多人。 ②There's a lot of/lots of rice in the bag. 那只口袋里有许多大米。 ③They don't have plenty of(=enough)rooms to live in/food to eat. 他们没有足够的房间住/没有足够的食品吃。 常用句型结构 1.“主语+ have +(修饰语:no, little, some, much, great)等+difficulty/trouble +in + doing sth.”是一个常用的句型。例如: ①Everyone in the town knew him so we had no trouble/difficulty in finding his house. 镇上谁都认识他,因而我们毫不费事地找到了他的家。 ②We had great difficulty in building the house. 我们建房子费了很大劲。 ③The students had some trouble in answering the question. 同学们回答这个问题有些困难。 ④Do you have any trouble in finishing the work within two days? 两天内你完成这项工作有困难吗? 【注意】在使用这一句型时应注意以下四点: 1)difficulty/trouble为不可数名词,意为“困难”。 2)修饰语主要有no, little, some, much, great等。 3)句中介词为in,有时可省略。 4)介词in后必须跟动词的-ing形式。 2.I'd like to do something.是一个表示“愿意做某事”的常用句型。使用这一句型,应注意: 1)'d like是 should like和 would like的缩略式。常用来表示“愿意”之意,尤其是礼貌地提出邀请或愿意提供帮助时。like后可接名词或带to的动词不定式,但不接动词-ing形式。如: ①Would you like some bananas? 你想吃香蕉吗? ②Would you like to go there with me tomorrow? 明天你愿意和我一起去那儿吗? 【注意】用这种邀请句时,肯定回答用:“Yes, I'd love to.”否定回答用: “I'd love to, but…” ③I'd like to see your ten-speed bicycle. 我想看看你们的十速自行车。 ④Would you like to go to see the film this evening? 今天晚上你愿意去看电影吗? ⑤I'd love to, but I have a lot of work to do. 我愿意去,但是我有很多事要做。 2)除would, should外,had也常缩写成'd形式。例如: ①You'd better put on your coat. It's rather cold outside. (had的缩略式) 你最好穿上大衣,外面很冷的。 ②He'd rather die than give up his beautiful wife. 他宁死也不放弃他漂亮的妻子。(would的缩略式) 【注意】would rather do something或would like to do something均表示主语的意愿,而had better do something则表示说话者的意愿。 |
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