高一英语重点词语用法 (1)(新课标版高一英语教案教学设计) |
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1.introduce[?intr+'dju:s]vt. 1)make persons known by name to one another:介绍,表示“把……介绍给……”常用下列结构:introduce sb. to sb. ,其中“to sb. ”也可省略。例如: ①He introduced a new teacher to us at the welcome meeting. 在欢迎会上,他给我们介绍了一位新老师。 ②At the beginning of the class, the teacher usually says, “Let me introduce myself to you first. ” 在一开始上课时老师通常说:“让我先来做一下自我介绍。” ③When one friend was introduced to another, they often say“How do you do?”to each other. 当一个朋友被介绍给另一个朋友的时候,他们常常时互致“你好?”。 ④I'd like to introduce my teacher Miss Zhang to you here. 我想把我的老师张小姐给你们介绍一下。(注意:本句中 Miss Zhang 是my teacher的同位语。) 2)bring into use:引用 ① He introduced a new method in teaching. 他在教学上引用了一种新的方法。 3)bring in for the first time 第一次引进 ① Potatoes were introduced into Europe from South America. 土豆是从南美传入欧洲的。 ② Coffee was introduced to England from the Continent. 咖啡是从欧洲大陆引进到英格兰的。 【注意】introduce的名词形式是introduction,意为“介绍”。例如: ①This is a letter of introduction. 这是一封介绍信。 ②I'm very glad to have an introduction at the beginning of the class. 一开始上课,我很高兴做一下介绍。 2.nice[nais] adj. good, pleasant, kind:美好的;令人愉快的;友好的 ① a nice day(book, taste, etc. )好天气(书,味道等) ②The weather is very nice here. 这儿的天气很好。 ③ a nice trip to the Great Wall去长城的一次畅游 ④It's nice of you to invite us. 你邀请我们真是太好了。 ⑤They are very nice to us. 他们对我们很友好。 【注意】nice的副词形式是 nicely;最高级形式为 nicest,意为“最令人愉快的”。例如: ①This job fits me nicely. 这项工作很适合我来做。 ②What is the nicest part of your holidays? 你假期中最愉快的是哪一段时间? 3.everyday['evridei]adj. happening or used daily: 每天的,日常的 ① Knowing some everyday English will be helpful. 会一些日常英语会有所帮助的。 ② The film is about the everyday life of the people in the U. S. A. 这是部关于美国人日常生活的电影。 【注意】 everyday 仅仅用作定语;当其分开写成 every day时,是名词短语,意为“每天”,在句中用作时间状语。例如: ① Every day they went to the road nearby and stood there begging. 他们每天到附近的路上,站在那里要饭。 4.employ[im'pl&:i]vt. 雇用 ①He employs four men during the vacation. 假期期间他雇了四个人。 ② Li Ming is employed in a restaurant. 李明受雇于一家饭店。 你认识那个雇佣了两个童工的人吗? 【注意】 1)employer n. 雇主;雇用者。 2)employee n. 受雇者;雇员 3)employment n. 雇用;职业;工人(不可数)。如: He is looking for employment. 他在找职业。 4)unemployed adj. 失业的 5)unemployment n. 失业。又如: ① The employer is a person who employs others. 雇主是雇佣别人的人。 ②In China the people who are unemployed are called laid-off workers. 在中国失业的人员被称为下岗职工。 5.more [m&:] 1)adj. greater in number,quantity,quality,degree,size,ect;additional:数目更多的;更大量的;更佳的;程度更高的;更大的;附加的。例如: ①More than one person has made the suggestion. 不止一个人提出这个建议。 ②Instead of fewer accidents there are more. 事故不但没减少,反而增加了。 ③ He has more money (chance,etc. )than ever. 他的钱(机会)比任何时候都多。 【注意】more为many或much的比较级形式。 ①many----more----most修饰可数名词。 ②much----more----most修饰不可数名词。 2)n. a great account or number 更大的量或数 ----What more do you need?你还需要什么? ----I don't need any more. 我不再要了。 3)adv. 放在多音节的形容词或副词前,构成形容词或副词比较级形式。 例如: more useful----wonderful----beautiful; more easily----slowly----foolishly 4)与more有关的一些短语: (1)and what is more 更重要者;再者;更有甚者(=more important;serious) ① He told his classmates the matter, and what is more, he even told the teacher about it. 他把这件事告诉了他的同学,尤为严重的是,他还 将此事告诉了老师。 (2)more or less大致;差不多(=about;or so)。例如: ① It is five days'work more or less. 大概得做五天左右。 ② It is an hour's ride more or less from here to the centre of the city. 从这儿开车去市中心大约需要一个小时。 (3)no more 再也不(=no longer) ①He broke away from our company last year,since then I have seen him no more. 他去年脱离了我们公司,此后,我再也没有见过他。 (4)no more than 仅仅(=only) ①His whole school education added up to no more than one year. 他的整个学校教育加起来仅仅一年。 (5)not more than 不多于;不超过(=at most;just not as…as)。例如: ①There are not more than twelve people in the meeting room. 会议室至多不超过十二个人。 (6)more and more 越来越多(=increasingly)。例如: ①Our country is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们国家正变的越来越美丽。 ②It seems that I spend more and more money on books. 我好像在买书上花的钱越来越多。 (7)once more 再一次(=again) ①Would you please tell the story once more? 请再讲一遍这个故事好吗? 6.water['w&:t+] 1)n. the liquid in rivers, lakes, seas, etc. 水 ①Fish can't live without water. 鱼儿没有水就不能生活。 ② sea-water海水 ③mineral water 矿泉水 【注意】当 water用作复数(waters)时,意为“水域或海域”(=the body of water)。例如: The waters in Changjiang rivers broke some of the banks. 长江的洪水在有些地方冲破了大堤。 2)v. give water to sth. or produce water “浇水,灌溉;加水;泪水流出;流口水”。例如: ① It's very dry, and we must water the vegetable garden. 天很干,我们应该浇菜园了。 ② They were watering the streets. 他们正在街上洒水。 ③Our ship watered at every port we visited. 我们的船每到一港口,就加水一次。 ④ The smoke made my eyes water. 烟使我眼睛流泪。 ⑤ The smell from the kitchen made my mouth water. 厨房的气味使我直流口水。 7.along[+'l&R] 1)prep. following the line of:沿着…… along常跟road,street,river,line等表示狭长的名词连用。例如: ①I saw her running along the street. 我看见他沿着大街奔跑。 ② After supper we usually take a walk along the river. 晚饭后我们通常沿河散步。 2)adv. forward:向前 along常跟walk,move,run等表示位移的动词连用。例如: ①He shouted aloud as he ran along. 他一边往前跑,一边高声的呼喊。 ②Come along, please. 请过来吧。 ①Oh, I have to wash all my clothes, clean the floor, and keep everything clean and tidy. 噢,我只得洗我所有的衣服,清理地板,而且使一切干净整洁。 ②I must be off/leaving now. 现在我必须走啦。 ③I must stop and get some sleep. 我必须停下来,睡上一会儿。 9.partner['pa:tn+]n. 搭档,合作伙伴;舞伴。例如: ①Yang Mei is the partner of Zhou Lan's oral practice. 杨梅是周兰口语练习的伙伴。 ②We have been partners for many years since we knew each other. 我们从相识以来,是好多年的合作者了。 10.vacation[v+'keiM+n]为美国英语,用作名词,意为“休假,假期”(=a time of rest from work),在英国英语中用holiday。例如: ① They are on vacation in Auckland. 他们在奥克兰度假。 ② I took a vacation at Qingdao last summer. 我去年夏天在青岛度假。 【注意】 请病假不用 vacation或 holiday,而使用 take a day off。例如: ③ Tang Lin took a day off yesterday because of illness. 唐林昨天因病请了一天假。 11.hope和wish的用法区别 1)hope用作动词时,后面可接不定式或 that从句,但不能接“宾语+不定式”。 ①We hope to see you again. =We hope we can see you again. 我希望再次见到你。 ② I hope you can help me with my maths. 希望你能帮助我学数学。 (不能说:I hope you to help me with my maths. ) 2)wish后面接不定式或“宾语+不定式”都可以,其意义相当于“想要”,“希望”(=would like或 want)。wish接that从句时一般表示某种强烈而又难以实现的“愿望”,而hope表示的是可以实现或能达到的“希望”。 例如: ① I wish to place an order right now. 我想马上订购。 ②I wish him to make progress. 我希望他取得进步。 ③I wish I could fly like a bird. 但愿我能象鸟一样飞。 (从句中的could表示其动作不可能实现,不能用can。) ▲试比较:I hope he can do that. 我希望他会干那件事。 (这句中can不能用could。) 3)wish可表示良好的“祝愿”,后面接“宾语+宾补(形容词或名词)”,而hope不能这样用。 ② I wish you happy. 祝你幸福。 ② I wish you a pleasant journey. 祝你旅途愉快。 【注意】不能说 I hope you happy/a pleasant journey. 4)在简略句中,如要表示希望某事不会发生时,应说 I hope not,而不说Idon't hope so。表示希望某事会发生时,说 I hope so。 12.grow,plant,keep和raise的用法区别 1)grow和plant都可表示“种植”,如种植草、树、苗、花卉、粮食等植物。 plant着重指“种植”这一行为,grow着重指种植以后的栽培、管理过程。 某人plant之后树是死是活不一定管,但某人grow a tree 则包括培育管理,使其生长的过程。试比较: ① The students are planting trees on the hill. 学生们正在山坡上栽树。(不用) ② How many trees have you planted this year? 你们今年植了多少棵树?(不用grow) ③The farmer grows wheat in this field. 那位农民在这块田里种植的是小麦。(不用plant) ④People grow bananas in Hainan. 海南种植香蕉。(不用plant) ⑤He grows many kinds of flowers in his back garden. 他在他的后花园里种植了各种各样的花。 2)keep可表示“赡养”,后面可接表示人或动物的名词。不用来代替 plant 或grow。如: ① He has a wife and three children to keep. 他要养活妻子和三个孩子。 ②My grandma keeps pigs and hens. 我奶奶养猪养鸡。 ③ My uncle has a large family to keep. 我叔叔有一大家子人要养活。 3)raise除表示“词养”(动物)以外,还可用来表示“养育”(子女);“培育”(植物)。 ①We raised a good crop of tomatoes this year. 今年我们种的西红柿长得很好。 ②My grandmother raised a family of five. 我祖母养育了五口之家。 ③ Where were you raised?你是在哪儿长大的? ④ He raised some flowers in the back garden. 他在后花园里种了一些花。 ⑤ That was how the Chinese first raised silkworms. 中国人就是这样开始养蚕的。 【注意】raise强调从小精心培养到大,通常指培养花卉以及较难管理的植物。 ⑥ Let's grow/raise some flowers in the garden. 咱们在花园里种些花吧。 ⑦ We grow rice,wheat and cotton in my hometown. 在家乡,我们种植水稻、小麦和棉花。(不宜用raise) 13.drive —词的用法 1)=travel or go in a car意思是“驾车旅行”。如: ① I didn't drink,because I had to drive home after the party. 我没喝酒,因为晚会以后我得开车回家。 ② He drove me to the station. 他开车送我到车站。 ③I drove eight hours/400 kilometres yesterday. 昨天我驾车行驶了八个小时/400公里。 ④The policeman drove my car to the police station. 警察把我的车开到派出所。 2)=make people or animal go 意思是“赶”、“驱”。如: ①The farmer is driving many sheep to market. 那位农民正把许多羊赶到市场去。 ②The Chinese people drove their enemies from/out of their country. 中国人民把敌人从他们的国土上赶了出去。 3)=cause sb. to be in a state意思是“迫使”,“逼迫”。如: ①The loud noise of the people in the street almost drove me mad. 街上人们的喧闹声几乎使我发狂。 ②He was driven by hunger to steal. =Hunger drove him to steal. 他因饥饿而被迫行窃。 4)drive用作名词主要表示“开车”或“乘车”。如: ①The town is about half an hour's/forty minutes'/a two-hour/a 9-mile drive from here. 那镇离这儿开车(或坐车)大约半小时/四十分钟/两小时/九英里的路途。 ②Let's go out for a drive,shall we?我们出去开车兜兜风吧,好吗? 14.behind —词的用法 1)作为介词behind主要有下面三种用法。 (1)=at the back of意思是“在……后面”,指地点。如: ① A dog ran from behind the tree. 一条狗从树后面跑了出来。 ②Walk close behind me. 紧跟在我后面走。 ③There's a vegetable garden behind the house. 屋后有个菜园。 (2)=later than意思是“迟于”,指时间。如: ① The postman is behind his usual time today. 邮递员今天比往常来得迟。 ②In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. 我们国家的时间比北京时间迟十四小时。 (3)=not so advanced as…意思“不如……先进”,“落后于……”,如: ①That's a small country in Africa far behind its neighbours. 那是一个远远落后于邻国的非洲小国家。 ②They are behind us in education and science. 他们在教育与科学方面落后于我们。 2)作为副词,behind 大致也能表示介同behind的意思。如: ①The others are a long way behind. 其他人落在后面很远。(=at the back) ②The teacher asked Tom to stay behind after school. 老师让Tom放学后留下来。(=stay after others have left) ③If you don't work hard,you'll fall behind. 如果你不努力,你会落后的(=fail to keep up). 15.prefer的用法 prefer是及物动词,后面应接宾语,意为“更喜欢”(like better)。其过去式、过去分词和现在分词要双写字母r,然后加ed或ing。下面就其用法作一归纳。 1)接名词、代词作宾语。如: ①----Which would you prefer,tea or coffee? ----I prefer tea. ——咖啡和茶,你更喜欢哪一种? ——我较喜欢茶。 ②People in the south prefer rice while those in the north prefer food made from flour. 南方人爱吃米饭,而北方人较喜欢吃面食。 2)接不定式、动名词作宾语。在没有明确指出比较对象时,用不定式、动名词意义大致相同。如: ① I prefer to walk there. (I prefer walking there. )我宁愿步行去那儿。 ② He chose Spain,but personally I'd prefer to go to Greece. 他选了西班牙,但就我个人而言,我倒想去希腊。 3)在词组 prefer……to…中,to是介词,其作用是引出两个比较对象,因此,动词prefer的宾语和介词to的宾语在形式上应一致,可以是名词、代词或动名词,不可用不定式。如: ①He said he preferred the country to the city. 他说城市和乡村相比,他更喜欢农村。 ②She prefers dancing to singing. 跳舞和唱歌相比,她更喜欢跳舞。 4)prefer…rather than…的结构中,要用“prefer to do …rather than do…”意为“宁愿做……而不做……”。如: ① The soldier preferred to die rather than give in before the enemy. 这位战士宁愿死,也不在敌人面前屈服。 ▲另外,prefer还可接that引导的宾语从句,相当于hope的用法;也可接复合宾语,即“prefer sb. to do…”“更希望某人干……”。如: ① I'd prefer you not to go there alone. 我倒希望你不要单独去那儿。 ②We prefer that they(should)do it in a different way. 我倒希望他们用另一种方法去做。 |
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