第十三章 主谓一致 (新课标版高三英语下册教学论文)
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第十三章 主谓一致
主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持人称与数的一致关系。有些句子不易直接看出主语的单复数，需仔细推敲。处理主谓一致要注意语法一致，意义上一致和就近一致。
高考重点要求：
1. 根据主谓一致的三个原则(语法一致,意义一致，就近一致), 判断和确定句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致
2. 掌握固定词组作主语,谓语动词的数与主语保持一致
第一节 知识点概述
一、语法上的一致
一个句子的主语是单数时，谓语动词也应是单数形式，主语是复数，谓语动词也用复数形式。例如：
Learning English is very important.
学习英语是很重要的。
The girl together with her two sisters has left for Nanjing.
Both Bob and Tom are my friends.
但如果并列的主语指的是同一个人，同一类物，谓语动词要用单数形式。
例如：A singer and dancer is going to attend our meeting.
由and连接的并列单数主语前，如果分别有each, every等修饰时，谓语要用单数。
例如：Every boy and every girl was given a present.
Each word and each phrase in the dictionary is important.
二、意义上的一致
主语形式是单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词根据意义要用复数；反之主语形式为复数，但意义为单数，谓语动词也用单数。如表示一笔钱，一段时间，一定重量时，这些单位虽是复数形式，但谓语动词是单数形式。
例如：It seems to me that five years is so short a time.
Two hundred dollars was spent on the books.
有些集体名词，如family, group, class等作主语时，作为整体看待，谓语动词要用单数，就其中一个个成员而言，谓语要用复数。
例如：My family is a happy one.
My family are watching TV.
三、就近一致
出现几个主语时，谓语动词的人称单复数须和最近的主语保持一致。There be, Here be句型中动词的单复数必须与后置的第一个主语保持一致。当be后面的主语有两个或两个以上的并列成分时，be动词往往与最邻近的一个一致。
例如：There is an orange, two apples and many bananas on the table.
There are two books and a dictionary on the desk.
两个做主语的名词或代词由either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also等连接时，谓语动词用靠近原则。
例如：Neither you nor I am right.
Not only the students but also the teacher is going to attend the meeting.
但如果用as well as连接两个主语用靠前原则
例如：Mary as well as you is my friend.
第二节 实战演练
一、复习时需注意的要点
1、 集体名词看作整体时，谓语动词用单数，看作各个成员时，谓语用复数。
例如：His family isn’t large.
His family are all fond of music.
2、 些名词如news, maths, physics等虽然有词尾“s”但意义上是单数，谓语动词要用单数。
例如：The news is wonderful.
Physics is an interesting subject.
3、 由数词+表示重量、里程、时间、金钱等名词所构成的复数名词主语，是当作一个整体看待的，后面用单数动词。
例如：Five minutes is too short.
Ten dollars is enough.
4、 主语后面跟有介词with或together with 引导的短语时，谓语动词一般与前面的主语的人称和数一致。
例如：The teacher together with ten students is doing an experiment in the lab.
5、 主语前有every或each修饰时，无论有几个主语，谓语动词用单数。
例如：Every teacher and every student in our school has been to the Century Park.
二、历届高考试题分析
例1、He is the only one of the students who _______a winner of scholarship for three years.
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been
答案为D。
【解析】 这是一个定语从句。在one前是否有定冠词决定定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式：one of the students中的先行词是the students，定语从句中的谓语动词要用复数形式。the only one of the students中的先行词是the only one，定语从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。又因“for three years”是完成时的标志。
例2、Professor Smith, along with his assistants, ____ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.
A. work B. working C. is working D. are working
答案：C
【解析】 Professor Smith决定谓语动词的数；his assistants和谓语动词的数无关。
例3、Not only ______interested in football but ______beginning to show an interest in it.
A. the teacher himself is … all his students are
B. the teacher himself is …are all his students
C. is the teacher himself …are all his students
D. is the teacher himself …all his students are
答案为D.
【解析】 not only …but (also )连结两个句子，用部分倒装。
例4、----“Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _____ to go to university.”
----“So do I.”
A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped
答案为B。
【解析】 “each of +名词复数”谓语用单数。
例5、E-mail, as well as telephone, ______ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. hoped
答案为A。
【解析】 本题考察主谓一致，当主语后面跟有as well as短语时，其后的谓语动词不受as well as之后的名词影响，仍然和主语在人称和数上保持一致。
例6、Books of this kind ______ well.
A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold
答案为A。
【解析】 “kind(s) of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数依kind 单复数而定；“复数名词 + of this/that kind ”作主语时，谓语动词的数依of 前面的名词而定。本题中sell 用作不及物动词表示“销售”。
例7、Every possible means ______ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used
答案为C。
【解析】 mean单数复数一个形式。在本题中代表单数。
例8、When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ______ yet.
A. are not decided B. have not been decided
C. is not being decided D. has not been decided
答案为D。
【解析】 不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数。
例9、The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them _____ absent for different
reasons.
A. were, was B. was, was C. was, were D. were, were
答案为C。
【解析】 “the number of” 表示“……的数量”，谓语用单数；“a number of”表示“许多”，谓语用复数。
例10、______ of the land in that district ______ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth…is B. Two fifth…are C. Two fifths…is D. Two fifths…are
答案为C。
【解析】 考察数词和主谓一致。分数词在句中作主语时，谓语动词必须跟分数词所修饰的名词保持数的一致。
第三节 巩固练习
Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.
1. His “Selected Poems” ______ first published in 1965.
A. were B. was C. has been D. were
2. All but one ______ here just now.
A. is B. was C. has been D. were
3. Seventy percent of the students here ______ from the country side.
A. is B. are C. comes D. has come
4. More than 60 percent of world’s radio programmes ______ in English.
A. is B. was C. are D. be
5. The whole class ______ the teacher attentively.
A. are listening to B. is listening to C. are listening D. is listening
6. The United States of America ______ one of the most developed countries in the world.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
7. The air in big cities ______ very dirty by factories.
A. are often made B. is often made C. have often made D. has often made
8. A large number of students of this school _______ fond of playing football.
A. are B. was C. is D. be
9. Mary as well as her sisters ______ Chinese in China.
A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study
10. I, who ______ your teacher, will try my best to help you with your lessons.
A. be B. am C. are D. is
11. Ten dollars ______a big sum for a small child , and they will go a long way .
A. are B. being C. have D. is
12. The rich ______ not always happy.
A. are B. is C. has D. have
13. Apples of this kind _______.
A. tastes good B. tastes well C. taste good D. taste well
14. The Olympic Games _______ held every _______ years.
A. is…four B. are…four C. is…five D. are…five
15. No one but her parents ______ it.
A. know B. knows C. is knowing d. are knowing
16. ______ a good enough price for this book.
A. Two yuans are B. Two yuan are C. Two yuans is D. Two yuan is
17. No bird and no beast _______ in the lonely island.
A. are seen B. is seen C. see D. sees
18. The news of victories ______ spreading far and wide.
A. is B. are C. have been D. were
19.Few of his family ______ with his imaginative ideas.
A. agree B. agrees C. are agreed D. is agreed
20. The paper for books and newspapers _____ made of wood.
A. are B. is C. has D. have
21. Neither your mother nor you ______ at home.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
22. It is she who _______ wrong.
A. is B. am C. are D. has been
23. ________ well looked after in that hospital.
A. Wounded are B. Wounded is C. The wounded are D. The wounded is
24. Twenty of us are old. The rest _______ young.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
25. The Smiths ______ to move into the new building.
A. are B. is C. has D. will
26. It is said the police _______ trying their best to catch the murderer.
A. have B. has C. is D. are
27. Here ______ a new pair of shoes for you.
A. is B. are c. have D. has
28. The best ______ still unknown.
A. is B. are C. be D. were
29. We each _______ to pass the entrance examinations.
A. hopes B. hope C. hoping D. is hoping
30. Bread and butter ______ a kind of food.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
31. The watch and chain ______ of gold.
A. is made B. are made C. were made D. am made
32. Half the eggs ______ bad.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
33. ______ this pair of glasses ______ her well?
A. Is…fit B. Do…fit C. Does…fit D. Are…fit
34. About eighty percent of the students in his class ______ below sixteen.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
35. There ______ a map of the world and some pictures on the wall.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
36. A large quantity of water pipes ______ needed.
A. are B. is C. has D. have
37. Large quantities of paper ______ wasted.
A. are B. is C. has D. have
38. How and why he ______ come to Princeton, New Jersey ______ a story of struggle, success and sadness.
A. had…was B. had… are C. had… has d. had… have
39. Not only I but also Jessie and Mary _____ tired of having one examination after another.
A. is B. are C. am d. be
40.My driving licence , rather than my credit cards, ______lost .,
A. have B. are C. is D. has
41. Nobody but Jane and Mary ______ secret.
A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known
42. A great deal of ______ was done to crops.
A. damages B. damaging C. damage D. ruin
43. —Do you want the pants?
—My pants ______ laid in bed.
A. is B. was C. are D. being
44. I told him what I was surprised ______ his attitude towards his study.
A. is B. was C. at is D. at was
45. I have finished a large part of the book; the rest _______ more difficult.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
46. They each ______ a new dictionary.
A. has B. have C. is D. are
47.The pilot as well as four of the passengers ______death .
A. has escaped B. have escaped C. has been escaped D. have been escaped
48. Every hour and every minute ______ important.
A. are B. were C. is D. will
49. Nobody except Bill and Johnny ______entered the second round of the interview.
A. have B. has C. have been D. has been
50. He is one of the old scientists who ______nothing about his personal income and fame .
A. cares B. care C. is caring D. are caring
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