第四章 形容词和副词 (新课标版高三英语下册教学论文)
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第四章 形容词和副词
形容词用来修饰、说明名词或不定代词，表示人或物的性质、特征和状态。而副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，有时也能修饰名词，表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。
高考重点要求：
1、形容词、副词比较级，最高级常用句型
2、形容词的倍数表达法和副词的位置
3、多个形容词修饰同一名词的前后顺序
4、分清常用同义、近义形容词、副词在表达中的语义差别
第一节 知识点概述
一、形容词
（一） 形容词在句子中的作用
1．大部分形容词能作定语、表语或宾语补足语, 如：
a beautiful park 一座美丽的公园
The play Tea-house（茶馆）is both moving and interesting.
Who left the window open?
2．“定冠词the + 形容词”表示一类人或物，作“主语或宾语”，意思为“……的一种人”，“……的一类东西或事情”。如：
The new will take the place of the old . （新事物将代替旧事物。）
The young are fond of sports .(年轻人喜欢体育运动。)
3．有些形容词只能作表语 如：
ill, glad, asleep, afraid, alive (活着的)，alone(单独的)
４．某些动词加-ed 和 –ing都可构成形容词，加-ed的形容词表示“人感到如何”，加-ing的形容词则用来描写事物， 如：
We were excited when we heard the exciting news.
５．有些名词加后缀可变成形容词， 如：lovely, friendly, windy, careful, careless, wooden等
（二） 形容词在句子中的位置
1．形容词一般放在被修饰的名词之前。两个或两个以上形容词修饰一个名词时，形容词排列的次序一般应考虑下面二种情况。
（1）与被修饰名词关系比较密切的形容词位置靠近名词， 如：an exciting American film
（2）音节少的形容词位置在前，音节多的形容位置在后。
2．在下列情况下，形容词应后置：
（1）修饰复合不定代词 something, anything, nothing等，如：anything important, nothing easy
（2）同表示数量的词组连用， 如：twenty feet long, five years old
3．几个形容词修饰一名词时，一般顺序为大小（little除外）、形状、色彩、由来、用途。如：
a fine round maple（枫木）writing table,
a famous old English country house
二、副词
（一） 副词在句子中的作用
副词在句子中主要用作状语，许多副词皆由形容词加-ly 构成，如：careful-carefully.
副词主要被分为以下几种：
1．时间副词，如：often，early，usually，now
2．地点副词，如：here，above，outside，below，there
3．方式副词，如：hard，fast，badly，well
4．程度副词，如：very，quite，much，still，even，almost
5．疑问副词，如：how，when，why
（二） 副词在句子中的位置
1． 时间副词和地点副词的位置
表示确定时间的副词和地点的副词，一般放在句尾，如句中同时有地点副词和时间副词，地点副词通常在前，时间副词在后。
2． 修饰形容词和副词的程度副词，除enough后置外，一般放在被修饰词的前面。副词在此作状语。 如：
be well enough, go fast enough
3． 修饰动词的方式副词有以下几种
（1） 修饰不及物动词时，该副词要后置，如：sing well
（2） 修饰及物动词时，可放在被修饰词之前或宾语之后；如宾语较长也可放在动词和宾语之间。如：study English hard，see clearly the words on the blackboard
（3） 及物动词和副词（如：down，on，off，in，out，up等）组成的动词词组，其宾语是名词，该名词可放在副词之前或之后：如是代词，该代词一定要放在副词前。
He cut down the tree. / He cut the tree down. / He cut it down.
４. 形容词原级、比较级和最高级的用法：
（１） 两者比较情况一样，常用“as+形容词原级+as”句型。
He is as tall as his monitor .
（２） 两者比较，表示一方在某方面不如另一方，常用“not so /as +形容词原级+as”句型。
A train doesn’t travel so fast as a plane .
（３） 三者或三者以上比较，表示某人某物“最……”时，用“the+形容词最高级+比较范围”句型。
Asia is by far the largest of the seven continents .
She writes (the) most carefully of the three .
（４） 比较级+and+比较级“越来越……”
It is getting cooler and cooler in autumn.
She is becoming more and more active in taking part in social activities.
（５） the +比较级，the +比较级“越……越……”
The harder he studies , the greater progress he will make .
第二节 实战演练
一、复习时需注意的要点
1. 形容词一般按限定词，一般性描绘、大小、长短和高低、形状、年龄和新旧、颜色、国籍、地区和出处、物质和材料、用途和类别这一顺序来修饰名词的。
2. 在名词前出现几个形容词作定语时，常常涉及词的排列顺序问题。例如：a fat old lady不能说成an old fat lady，a small black leather handbag不能说成a leather black small handbag等。
3. 形容词的词序问题比较复杂，前置形容词的排列顺序由它们和被修饰名词之间的关系决定，关系密切的靠近被修饰词，关系较远的离之稍远。
4. 在as+形容词／副词+as的结构前可加上nearly , almost , just , quietly , half , exactly , 及倍数表示比较的程度。
例如：My income is half as high as my father .
5. 最高级前可用nearly , almost , about , next , by far , by no means 或序数词进行修饰。
例如：Of the three boys , Mike is by no means the most diligent.
6. 比较级的其他用法
1）比较级 + and + 比较级 “越来越……”。例如：
It is getting cooler and cooler in autumn.
2）the more…the more… “越……，越……”。例如：
The more fruit you eat, the healthier you will be.
3）no more than “只不过，仅仅”，后面接名词或数词，起形容词作用。 例如：
What he is saying is no more than a joke. 他所讲的只不过是个玩笑而已。
4）no more…than… “和……同样不……”。例如：
He can no more play the piano than I can play basketball. 他不会弹钢琴和我同样不 会打篮球一样
5）no less than “多达，竟有……之多，不下于”。例如：
There were no less than two thousand people at the match. 这场比赛不下于两千人到场观看。
6）no less…than “和……一样，不逊于”。例如：
Our monitor is no less diligent than he used to be. 我们的班长和以前一样勤奋。
二、历届高考试题分析
例1、At a rough estimate, Nigeria is ____ Great Britain.
A. three times the size as B. the size three times of
C. three times as the size of D. three times the size of
答案为D。
【解析】 检查考生对反意疑问句（附加疑问句）的掌握和运用能力。A是B的三倍通常可使用以下几种形式：
1) A is three times as adj.（原级） as B
2) A is twice adj.（比较级）than B
3) The n. of A is three times that of B
4) A is three times the +n. of B。
例2、Many students signed up for the_________ race in the sports meeting to be held next week.
A.800 metre long B.800 metres long
C.800 metre length D.800 metres length
答案为A。
【解析】 长、宽、高及年龄等作定语修饰名词时位置可在前也可在后，在前边时要注意加连字符“-”，其中单位名词用单数，其形式为：数字—单位名称单数—长、宽、高等。如放在后边，不用连字符，数词大于1要用复数。从题干看：800米远的比赛应为800 meter long。
例3、At times, worrying is a normal ____ response to a difficult event or situation----a loved one being injured in an accident, for example.
A. effective B. individual C. inevitable D. unfavorable
答案：C
【解析】 effective有效的；individual个人的；inevitable不可避免的；unfavorable不利的。
例4、You're standing too near the camera. Can you move ________?
A. a bit far B. a little farther C. a bit of farther D. a little far
答案为B。
【解析】 too near的意思是“太近了”，说话人的意图是让对方站在比这远一点，所以要用副词的比较级。这句话的意思是：你站得太靠近镜头了。你能离远一点吗?a bit of后接名词。
例5、In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go, ________. A. our holiday will be better B. our holiday will be the better
C. the better our holiday will be D. the better will our holiday be
答案为C。
【解析】 “the more…the more…”的意思是“越……越……”。由于选项A、B和D的词序都不对，所以不能作为答案。这句话的意思是：近年来，旅游公司成功地向我们推销了这样一个观点：我们走得越远，我们的假期过得越好。
例6、It is generally believed that teaching is_________ it is a science.
A. an art much as B. much an art as
C. as an art much as D. as much an art as
答案为D。
【解析】 在as/so…as…结构中，第一个as/so是副词，后接形容词；第二个as是连接词，后接句子。其正确语序为as much an art as. 这句话的意思是：人们普遍相信，教学像科学一样是一门艺术。
例7、Americans eat _______vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.
A. more than twice B. as twice as many
C. twice as many as D. more than twice as many
答案为D。
【解析】 不论哪种形式的比较级其修饰词均应放在前面。more than twice表示数量，放在as…as结构前的意思是“是……的两倍多”。译文：美国人现在每人所吃的蔬菜是1910年的两倍多。
例8、—I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.
—You can never be ________ careful in the street.
A. much B. very C. so D. too
答案为D。
【解析】 否定词not/no/ never + too/enough结构表示“再怎么……也不过分”或“越……越好”。这句话的意思是：在街上(骑自行车)你越小心越好。
例9、Broadly speaking , I would agree with Shirley , though not ________
A. widely B. thoroughly C. entirely D. extensively
答案为C
【解析】 本题考察副词辨义，widely :广泛地，很大程度上；thoroughly彻底地，entirely完全地，extensively大量地、广阔地、巨大地。根据句意，说话人并非完全同意她的意见，not entirely（不完全地）恰如其分地表达了这一意思。
例10、—You don't look very ________. Are you ill?
—No, I'm just a bit tired.
A. good B. well C. strong D. healthy
答案为B。
【解析】 从题意看，look在这里是系词(看上去，看起来)后应加形容词，四个选项的词性均符合，但good是指人品好坏或东西好坏；strong则表示结实、强壮，与题意不符。healthy“健康的，健壮的”。well可作形容词和副词。作形容词时表示“健康的；气色好”，用于修饰人。
第三节 巩固练习
Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.
1. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with _____ money and______ people.
A. less… less B. fewer...fewer C. less...fewer D. fewer...less
2. —Can I help you?
—Well, I’m afraid the box is ______ heavy for you, but thank you all the same.
A. so B. much C. very D. too
3. —Excuse me, is this Mr. Brown’s office?
—I’m sorry, but Mr. Brown ______ works here. He left about three weeks ago.
A. not now B. no more C. not still D. no longer
4. The piano in the other shop will be ______, but ______.
A. cheaper...not as better B. more cheap...not as better
C. cheaper...not as good D. more cheap...not as good
5. ______ I went to the railway station to see my friend off.
A. After eating quickly my dinner B. After my quickly eating dinner
C. After eating my dinner quickly D. After eating my quickly dinner
6. Mrs. smith warned her daughter ______ after drinking.
A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive
7. —How did you think of visit to the museum?
—I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was _____ than I expected.
A. far more interesting B. even much interesting
C. so more interesting D. a lot much interesting
8. Those oranges taste _____.
A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well
9. Canada is larger than ______ country in Asia.
A. any B. any other C. other D. another
10. The experiment was ______ easier than we had expected.
A. more B. much more C. much D. more much
11. Which is ______ country, Canada or Australia?
A. a large B. larger C. a larger D. the larger
12. —Will you give this message to Mr White, please?
—Sorry, I can’t. He ______.
A. doesn’t any more work here B. doesn’t any longer here work
C. doesn’t work any more here D. doesn’t work here any longer
13. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes ______.
A. open B. to be opened C. to open D. opening
14. My elder brother is ______ a singer ______ I am.
A. no other…than B. no more…than C. not other…than D. not more…than
15. Sunlight is ______ necessary ______ fresh air to a healthy body.
A. not less…than B. no less…than C. no more…than D. not more…than
16. She doesn’t speak _____ her friend, but her written work is excellent.
A. as well as B. so often as C. so much as D. as good as
17. It takes a long time to go there by train, it’s _____ by road.
A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker
18. —Mum, I think I’m _____ to get back to school.
—Not really, My dear. You’d better stay at home for another day or two.
A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough
19. —If you don’t like the red coat, take the blue one.
—OK, but do you have ______size in blue ? This one’s a bit tight for me .
A. a big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger
20. John plays football ______, if not better than David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
21. If there were no examinations , we should have ______ at school .
A. the happiest time B. a more happier time
C. much happiest time D. a much happier time
22. We all write ______, even when there’s not much to say.
A. now and then B. by and by C. step by step D. more or less
23. —Do you remember _____ he came?
—Yes I do, he came by car.
A. how B. when C. then D. if
24. Can you believe that in _____ a rich country there should be _____ many poor
people?
A. such...such B. such...so C. so...so D. so...such
25. —How was your recent visit to Qingdao?
—It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the ______ days at the seaside.
A. few fast sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last
26. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _____ great it is.
A. what B. how C. however D. whatever
27. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _____.
A the better voice B. a good voice
C. the best voice D. a better voice
28. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining ______.
A. badly B. hardly C. strongly D. heavily
29. Wait till you are more ______. It’s better to be sure than sorry.
A. inspired B. satisfied C. clam D. certain
30. If I had _____, I’d visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting stories.
A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holiday
C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough
31. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is_____ known for his plays.
A. the best B. more C. better D. the most
32. _____ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.
A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students
C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave
33. It’s always difficult being in a foreign country, _____ if you don’t speak the language.
A. extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially
34. Many people have helped with canned food, however, the food bank needs ______ for the poor.
A. more B. much C. many D. most
35. I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a(an) ______ trick.
A. ordinary B. easy C. smart D. simple
36. As we joined the big crowd I got _____ from my friends.
A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed
37. It wasn’t ______his appearance I liked ______his personality.
A. so much …as B. no less…than C. so much …as D. no more …than
38. It’s believed that ______ you work, ______ result you’ll get.
A. the harder...the better B. the more hard...the more better
C. the harder...a better D. more hard...more better
39. Of the two shirts, I’d like to choose _______ one.
A. the less expensive B. the most expensive
C. less expensive D. more expensive
40. We don’t care if a hunting dog smells ______, but we really don’t want him to smell _____.
A. well...well B. bad...bad C. well...badly D. badly...bad
41. It was ______ late to catch a bus after the party, so we called a taxi.
A. too very B. much too C. too much D. far
42. If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was _____ choice.
A. good B. the best C. better D. the better
43. We waited _____ for the bus.
A. long time B. a long time C. the long time D. some long time
44. She is _____ to leave as soon as possible.
A. hurried B. anxious C. worried D. nervous
45. We are all going to the games. Why don’t you come ______?
A. up B. across C. along D. to
46. Mary kept weighing herself to see how much ___ she was getting.
A. heavier B. heavy C. the heavier D. the heaviest
47. —Are you satisfied with her answer?
—Not at all. It couldn’t have been _____.
A. worse B. so bad C. better D. the worst
48. Last night I had a terrible cold and ached all _____.
A. the way B. over C. at once D. the worst
49. Their cheerful voices showed that they were having a ______ discussion.
A. noisy B. serious C. complete D. friendly
50. ______book of this writer is East and West.
A. Known to be the best B. It was the best known
C. Known as the best D. The best known
责任编辑：李芳芳

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