定语从句表解 (人教版高三英语选修六教学论文)

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定语从句表解
一、 限定性定语从句:
种类 先行词 关联词 例 句 说 明



句 (人)
在从句中做主语或宾语 关



who
This is the doctor who saved the
boy’s life.
这就是救了孩子生命的医生。
She is the new student whom I want
to introduce to you.
她就是我要介绍给你的新学生.

who在从句中做主语whom在从句中做宾语,口语中who可以代替whom,也可以被省去,但做介词宾语时只能
用whom
(物)
在从句中做主语或宾语 which
Please pass me the book which is
lying on the table.
请递给我摆在桌上的那本书。
The novel which Tom bought is
very interesting.
汤姆买的小说很有意思。
Can you lend me the magazine about which you talked yesterday?
你能把昨天谈到的那本杂志借给我吗?

which在从句中做主语
which充当宾语时可以
省去。
which做介词宾语
不可省


物 关


词 whose
The professor whose daughter teaches you English is Dr. Williams
那位教授是威廉斯他的女儿教你英语。
The bike whose brake was damaged has now been repaired.
那辆坏了闸的自行车现在已经修好了。
=The bike the brake of which was damaged has now been repaired
whose在从句中做定语
指物时也可以用
…of which
代替 whose
that
The woman that is playing the piano is Miss Zhang.
正在弹钢琴的那位妇女是张小姐。
I’d like to see the films that are just on show.
我想看那些刚上映的电影。
They talked for about an hour of things and persons that they remember in the school.
他们谈起他们所记得起的学校里的人和事,谈了大约有半个小时。
that指人做主语
that指物做主语
先行词分别表示人和物,引导词要用that,不用
who或whom
种类 先行词 关联词 例 句 说 明



句 all, little much,和some,
any ,
every,
no构成的合成代词 关


词 that I’ll tell you all (that ) I know about it .
我要告诉你我所知道这件事的一切情况。
Is there anything (that) I can do for you?
有什么我可以帮助做的事吗?
I’ve brought everything (that )you need.
我把你需要的东西都拿来了。 先行词表示物,关系代词在从句中做宾语可省去 。如果先行词是人时,引导定语从句关系代词不受制约,用that或who (whom) 均可


物 This is the best film that I have seen .
这是我看过的最好的一部电影。
The first place that we’ll visit is Beijing Library. 我们要参观的第一个地方是北京图书馆
This is the best student that I have taught . 这位就是我所教过的最好的学生 先行词被形容词最高级序数词修饰时定语从句用that引导。
He is the only person that is believable.
他是唯一可靠的人。
John is the very person that she wants to see. 约翰正是她要见的人。 先行词被
the only, the very 等修饰时用关系代词that.
Who is the man that is talking with Tom ?
正在和汤姆谈话的人是谁?
Which of the books that you bought is easy to read?
你买的那些书中哪一本容易读。
当主句以who、which开头的特殊疑问句时,定语从句要用that
注:先行词是time, minute, moment, next time等引导定语从句很少用when,可用that 通常省去。
种类 先行词 关联词 例 句 说 明





间 关


词 when He came at a time when we needed him most.
他在我们最需要的时候来了。
We’ll never forget the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.
我们永远不会忘记中华人民共和国成立的那一天。 在定语从句中
作时间状语
地 点 where This is the room where he put up for the night.
这就是他渡过液晚的那房子。 在定语从句中作地点状语
原 因
理 由 why I know the reason why she studies so well .
我知道她学习好的原因。 在定语从句中作原因状语
2.非限制性定语从句
种类 先行词 关 联 词 例 句 说 明










物 关


词 who
whom
which George, who is my classmate, has won a scholarship.
乔治获得了奖学金,他是我的同学。
Dr. Li, whom I know very well, will come here tomorrow.
李大夫明天将来这儿,我跟他很熟悉。
I gave him a New Year card, which he enjoyed very much.
我给他一张贺年卡,他很喜欢它。 who, whom, which
不能省去, 也不能
用that代替
没有固
定的先
行词而
是一个
句子 which
as He studies hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.
他年轻时在校学习努力,这导致了他后来生活中的成功。
He gets up early, as is always his habit.
他总是早起床,这是他的习惯。
John was admitted into the college, as we had expected.
约翰被大学录取了,这是我们期待的。
The earth, as is known to all, is round.
人人皆知,地球是圆的。
This is the same book as I lost yesterday.
这本书与我昨天丢失的那本书一样。 which作主语指它前面的整个句子,不可用that代替,强调结果。
as指全句,在从句中做主语。
as指全句意思,在从句中做宾语。
as引导的定语从句可以放在句首,句中或句末。
用于the same… as, such… as ,as…as等结构中。
3.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
从句与先行词的
关 系 从句是先行词不可缺少的定语,如果省去,主句的意思就会不完整或不明确。 从句只是对先行词的附加说明,如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整
标 点 从句和主句之间不用逗号分开 从句和主句之间常用逗号分开



词 指人who (that) whom
指物which (that)
人和物whose(作定语)
关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省去 指人who(作主语)
whom(做宾语)
指物which
人和物whose(作定语)
关系代词一般不可省
修 饰 从句只修饰一个名词或代词 可以修饰一个名词或代词也可修饰整个主句
翻 译 定语从句译在被修饰词的前面 定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子
4.用于形容词性(定语)从句的关系词
分类 词 形 先行词 作从句中的成分
主 宾 表 定 状



词 who 人 √ √ √
whom 人 √
which 物 √ √ √
that 人/物 √ √ √
as 人/物 √ √ √
whose = of whom / of which 人/物 √



词 when = prep. + which 时间词 √
where = prep. + which 地点词 √
why = for which reason √
how 方式词 √
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