时态和语态
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时态和语态 分类说明 高考中对动词的时态和语态的命题不可少,每年都有两、三分。然而,命题一般都是以基础知识为主,把时态与语境结合起来,在复习动词时态和语态时,应特别注意下面一些问题: 1.动词的八种基本时态的形式和意义:一般现在时;一般过去时;一般将来时;现任进行时;过去进行时;现在完成时;过去完成时;现在完成进行时。并且,由此扩充了解将来完成时;将来进行时,将来完成进行时;过去将来完成时等。 2.掌握各种时态的时间状语要求,特别是上下文中所暗含的时间。 3.注意并掌握句子中时态一致性的要求,如:宾语从句中的时态要求:主句若为过去时,从句必须用相应的过去时,但当从句表示客观真理时,又可只用一般现在时;时间、条件状语中的时态要求:当主句为将来时时,从句片j一般现在时;虚拟语气中的时态要求:(见虚拟语气)。 4,掌握各种时态及含情态动词中的被动语态的形式和应用。 (1)分清动词的词性,熟悉并掌握常见的不及物动词happen,take place,occur,exist等,它们不能用被动语态; (2)分清主语与谓语之间的关系; (3)变被动语态的动词一般为及物动词,但有些不及物动词与介词所形成的短语动词也可有被动形式,此时,变被动语态后介词不能丢; (4)熟悉并掌握主动形式表被动意义的情况,如: A.及物动词read,write,sell,wash等,用作不及物动词,如:. The pen _________well. A.writes B.wrote C.is written D.has written B.做定语不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语时。如: I have much work ________. A.to do B.to be done C.to be doing D.to have done 但当不定的式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语或宾语时,则须用被动语态.如: Do you have any work ________now? I’m free. A.to do B.to be done C.to be doing D.to have done C.形容词hard,difficult,interesting,exciting,surprising等后的不定式作语及worth后面的doing。 回放真题 真题1(2004甘肃、青海卷29) --Thank goodness,you’re here! What _________you? --Traffic jam. A.keeps B.is keeping C.had kept D.kept 【答案及解析】 D选项A表示一种经常的情况;B表示现在正在进行的事情;C表示过去某时间之前的行为;D表示一般过去的情况。根据前面句子可知,所问的是“你”来这儿之前的情况,故答案选D。 真题2(2004甘肃、青海卷31) The house could fall down soon if no one ________ some quick repair work. A.has done B.is doing C.does D.had done 【答案及解析】 C could在题干中表示推测(推测时间为现在),故从句采用一般现在时,答案选C。 真题3(2004重庆卷22) The crazy fans _________patiently for two hours,and they would wait till the movie star arrived. A.were waiting B.had been waiting C.had waited D.would wait 真题4(2004重庆卷23) She ________her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for an better job. A.would change B.has changed C.changed D.was changing 【答案及解析】 c本句虽然表示过去的过去,但before连接的两件事情时间联系得很紧密,主句动作是过去做完的动作,不侧重时间对比,故用一般过去时表示。 真题5(2004广东卷21) All the employees except the manage ________to work online at home. A.encourages B.encourage C.is encouraged D.are encouraged 【答案及解析】 D根据名词1+介词+名词2作主语时,谓语动词的人称和数由名词1决定的原则,排除选项A、C;根据主语与谓语动词的关系可知为被动语态,故答案选D。 真题6(2004福建卷21) --You were out when I dropped in at your house. --Oh,I _________for a friend from England at the airport. A.was waiting B.had waited C.am waiting D.have waited 【答案及解析】 A根据上下句谈及的是过去的事情,并且wait的动作在drop之中发生,故用过去进行时。 真题7(2004湖北卷22) He kept looking at her,wondering whether he ________her somewhere. A.saw B.has seen C.sees D.had seen 【答案及解析】 D根据句子中谓语动词的时态,可排除选项B、c;再根据句子的意思,可知:认为见过她的动作应该在当时看她之前,因此答案选D。 真题8(2004湖北卷33) --George and Lucy got married last week.Did you go to their wedding? --No,I ________. Did they have a big wedding? A.was not invited B.have not been invited C.hadn’t been invited D.didn’t invite 【答案及解析】 C根据主、谓关系,排除选项D;再根据上旬,婚礼的举行是在上周,那么,应在上周以前邀请客人,须用过去完成时,故答案选C。 真题9(2004辽宁卷28) It is said in the book that Thomas Edison(1847—1931) ________the world leading inventor for sixty years. A.would be B.has been C.had been D.was 【答案及解析】D该题it作形式主语,that引导主语从句,根据句子及各选项的意思,答案选D。 真题10(2004浙汀卷23) The discussion ________alive when an interesting topic was brought in. A.was coming B.had come C.has come D.came 【答案及解析】D选项A表示将来的情况;B表示过去的过去;C表示对现在造成的结果或影响;D表示过去某时的情况。 真题11(2004浙江卷34) Because the shop ________, all the T-shins are sold at half price. A.has closed down B.closed down C.is closing down D.had closed down 【答案及解析】 C选项A、B表示已经关闭停业,与后面的“半价出售”矛盾;D表示过去某时之前的事情,句子中不存在;故答案选C,表示商店即将关闭停业。 真题12(2004江苏卷26) More patients in hospital this year than last veal. A. treated B. have treated C.had been treated D.have been treated 【答案及解析】D根据句子的意思,病人接受治疗,而不是治疗他人,故排除选项A、B;再根据句子的时间状语可知,这里并没有表示过去的过去,因此需用现在完成时。意为:今年在医院接受治疗的病人比去年多。 真题13(2004江苏卷34) Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s,when people ________ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology. A.begin B.began C.have begun D.had begun 【答案及解析】 B when在此句中指前面主句中的since the early 1990s,为过去时。故本从句应用过去式,答案选B。 真题14(2004广西卷25) --The window is dirty. --I know.It ________for weeks. A.hasn’t cleaned B.didn’t clean C.wasn’t cleaned D.hasn’t been cleaned 【答案及解析】 D本题主要考查过去时与现在完成时的区别。过去时仅表过去发生过某事,与现在无关。现在完成时表示:1、某一动作虽发生在过去,但影响着现在;2、某一动作或状态从过去持续剑现在。由语境可知,几周以来,窗户一直没有被清洁。即答案为D。 My mind wasn’t on what he was saying, so I’m afraid I ________ half of it. A.was missing B.had missed C.will miss D.missed 【答案及解析】 D整个事情是过去的事,且是做过的事,故用一般过去时,答案选D。 真题16(2004四川卷25) --Has Sam finished his homework today? --I have no idea.He ________it this morning. A.did B.has done C.was doing D.had done 【答案及解析】c根据前句:我不知道,可看出答案选c,表示过去一直在进行的动作。 真题17(2004四川卷30) I ________you not to move my dictionary—now I can’t find it. A.asked B.ask C.was asking D.had asked 【答案及解析】 A asked表示过去,与句中的时间状语now相对应。 真题18(2004四川卷34) According to the art dealer,the painting __________to go for at least a million dollars. A.is expected B.expects C.expected D.is expecting 【答案及解析】A the painting是物,它自己不能预期、期望,故要用被动。 真题19(2004上海卷29) The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power ________increased enormously ever since. A.is B.was C.has been D.had been 【答案及解析】 C句子后面的ever since意为:从那以后,须与现在完成时态连用。 真题20(2004上海卷30) ; The number of deaths form heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ________ to eat more fruit and vegetables. A.persuade B.will persuade C.be persuaded D.are persuaded 【答案及解析】 D根据句子意思及结构可知,应该是说服人们而不是人们说服他人,因此应用被动语态;而本题属于真实条件,不是虚拟语气,故排除选项C。答案选D。 真题21(2004天津卷28) --What were you doing when Tony phoned you? --I had just finished my work and to take a shower. A.had started B.started C.have started D.was starting 【答案及解析】D用过去进行时表过去将来时。 真题22(2004北京卷22) --What’s that terrible noise? --The neighbors ________for a party. A.have prepared B.are preparing C.prepare D.will prepare 【答案及解析】 B根据语境可知,对方问的是目前的情况,因此,告诉对方邻居正在为聚会作准备而弄出来的声音,故用进行时态。 真题23(2004北京卷25) : Now that she is out of a job,Lucy ________going back to school,but she hasn’t decided yet. A.had considered B.has been considering C.considered D.is going to consider 【答案及解析】 B Lucy现在还没决定,一直在考虑重新求学的事,故用现在完成进行时态。 真题24(2004北京卷27) The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ________by 2006. A.has been completed B.has completed C.will have been completed D.will have completed 【答案及解析】 C此题考查时态和语态。by+时间状语,主句谓语用相应的完成时态。by2006意思是:到2006年底前,是将来时,而工作本身不能完成,是被人完成,故用将来完成时的被动语态。 真题25(2004湖南卷31) --I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday. --Oh,how nice! Do you know when she ________. A.was leaving B.had left C.has left D.1eft 【答案及解析】D考查时态。首先根据宾语从句的连接词排除选项B、c;再根据E句的意思:她已经去那,故答案选D。 真题26(2004北京春季卷21) How can you possibly miss the news? It ________on TV all day long. A.has been B.had been C.was D.will be 【答案及解析】 A从上句的how can及时态、下一句的时间状语all day long可以看出本题应用现在完成时态。 真题27(2004北京春季卷24) --Sorry to have interrupted you.Please go on. --Where was I? --You ________you didn’t like your father’s job. A.had said B.said C.were saying D.had been saying 【答案及解析】c本题的语境是两个人在谈话,其中一个的话被另一个打断,然后再问自己刚才说到哪儿了(Where were I?),因此得到的回答应为“你刚才说到……”(You were saying...),有一些短暂性动词的过去进行时表“刚刚在……”,如:were not noticing(刚刚没注意到)。 真题28(2004北京春季卷30) I arrived late;I ________the road to be so icy. A.wouldn’t expect B.haven’t expect C.hadn’t expected D.wasn’t expecting 【答案及解析】C “我”之所以arrived late,是因为“我”在此之前(即过去的过去)没有料到路上结了这么厚的冰,应用过去完成时。 真题29(2004北京春季卷34) I ________while reading the English textbook.Luckily,my roommate woke me up in time! A.had fallen asleep B.have fallen asleep C.fell asleep D.fall asleep 【答案及解析】 C从第二句luckily,my roommate woke me up in time可以看出在此之前,“我”曾入睡了。故本题应用过去完成时态。 真题30(2004上海春季卷31) There is no light in the dormitory.They must have gone to the lecture,________? A.didn’t they B.don’t they C.mustn’t they D.haven’t they 【答案及解析】D must表推测时,反意疑问句的简短疑问部分依must后面的时态及时间状语确定。本题must后面是现在完成时,从前句可知是现在的情况,故答案选D。 真题31(2004上海春季卷33) Although he has lived with us for years,he ________us much impression. A.hadn’t left B.didn’t leave C.doesn’t leave D.hasn’t left 【答案及解析】C选项A为过去的过去;B表示过去,与前面从句的内容矛盾;D表过去的事情对现在的影响,均与题意不符,凶此,答案选C,表示现在通常的情况。 真题32(2003全国卷24) --Sorry,J0e.I didn’t mean to… --Don’t call me “Joe”.I’m Mr. Parker to you,and ________you forget it! A.do B.didn’t C.did D.don’t 【答案及解析】 D 考查感叹疑问句的用法。其形式虽是疑问,实则表示感叹。它多以否定词Don’t开头并以感叹号结尾,其表达的意义则是肯定。译文 “对不起,乔,我的意思不是……”,“不要叫我乔。对你来说我是帕克先生,你可不要忘了!” 真题33(2003全国卷27) All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor,her nervousness____. A.has grown B.is growing C.grew D.had grown 【答案及解析】C考查动词时态。从题干中可看出(waited)事情发生存过;去,而且主句和从句的动作是同时发生的,选项A、B表示现在的情况,根据前面的时问状语予以排除;选项D表示过去的过去,与题意不符,因而只能选C。译文:整个上午她都在等着大夫的体检报告,不安的心情与时俱增。 真题34(2003全国卷30) ; Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will _______fresh for several days. A.be stayed B.stay C.be staying D.have stayed 【答案及解析】 B考查时态和语态。stay在此为系动词,既没有被动语态,也没有进行时或完成时,与will一起构成将来时,表示即将发生的动作或状态。译文:为什么你没有把肉放在冰箱里?(在冰箱里)它可以保鲜好几天。 真题35(2003北京卷22) At this time tomorrow _______over the Atlantic. A.we’re going to fly B.we’11 be flying C.we’11 fly D.we’re to fly 【答案及解析】 B考查时态。情景提示在句子开头at this time tomorrow,表示将来某一点的时间正在进行的动作,用将来进行时,彤式是shall/will be doing。 真题36(2003北京卷25) --________David and Vicky ________married? --For about three years. A.How long were;being B.How long have;got C.How long have;been D.How long did;get 【答案及解析】C 考查时态。从答语For about three years判断,该题问的是动作持续了多久,用现在完成时,排除A、D选项。get married强调的是结婚这一动作,不能延续,排除B。be married表示已婚的状态,可以延续。 真题37(2003北京卷26) The news came as no surprise to me.I ______ for some time that the factory was going to shut down。 A had known B.knew C.have known D.know 【答案及解析】A 考查时态。句意:我对这个消息一点都不吃惊,我早就知道这家工厂将会倒闭的。know 这一动作先于came 这一过去的动作发生,用过去完成时。答案为A。 真题38(2003上海卷30) It believed that if a book is ________ it will surely the reader. A.interested:interest B.interesting;be interested C.interested;be interesting D.interesting;interest 【答案及解析】D interesting与interested都是形容词,但interesting主语是物,一般说sth is interesting,interested主语是人,一般说be interested in sth,故前二空格应用interesting;interest是动词形式,意为“吸引,使感兴趣”。故选D。 真题39(2003上海卷32) . I thought Jim would say something about his school report,but he ________lt. A.doesn’t mention B.hadn’t mentioned C.didn’t mention D.hasn’t mentioned 【答案及解析】c根据作者的语气判断,这里描述的是一种过去发生的情况,并未强调对过去或现在造成什么影响,因此用一般过去时态。 真题40(2003北京春季卷26) --When will you come to see me,Dad? --1 will go to see you when you ________the training course A.will have finished B.will finish C.are finishing D.finish 【答案及解析】D考查从句中的时态。英语中状语从句通常用一般现在时或现在完成时表示一般将来时。同理,用一般过去时或过去完成时表示过去将来时,其它如主、定等从旬不受限制。在when引导的时间状语从句中谓语动词要用一般现在时。 真题41(2003北京春季卷27) --How long ________at this job? --Since 1990. A.were you employed B.have you been employed C.had you been employed D.will you be employed 【答案及解析】B since后可加过去时间,也可加从句,从句中要用一般过去式,而主句要用现在完成式。根据Since 1990可确定为现在完成时。 真题42(2003安徽春季卷21) With the rapid growth of population,the city ________in all directions in the past five years. A spreads B. has spread C spread D. had spread 【答案及解析】 B根据时间状语in the past five years可以知道这个动作发生在以现在为立足点的时间轴的过去,且这个动作对现在有影响,故用现在完成时。 真题43(2003安徽春季卷33) The silence of the library ________only by the sound of pages being turned over. A.has been broken B.breaks C.broke D.was broken 【答案及解析】D从题意可看出图书馆的安静是被翻书声打破的,要用被动,排除B、C,再从being turned over可看出不必用完成时,排除A。 真题44(2003上海春季卷27) By the end of last year,another new gymnasium ________in Beijing. A.would be completed B.was being completed C.has been completed D.had been completed 【答案及解析】D by意为“到……为止”。by后加过去时间,主句用过去完成时;如by后加现在时间,主句用现在完成时;如by后加将来时,主句要用将来完成时。by the end of last year常与过去完成时连用。表示到过去某个时期前已完成的动作。 真题45(2003上海春季卷28) When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ________yet。 A.are not decided B.have not been decided C.is not being decided D.has not been decided 【答案及解析】D 根据副词yet可确定用现在完成时,故排除A、c;不定式,动名词及从句作主语,谓语动词按单数处理,when and where to do sth.表示单数,要用has not been decided。 真题46(2002全国卷23) --You haven’t said a word about my new coat,Brenda.Do you like it? I --I’m sorry I ________ anything about it sooner.I certainly think it’s pretty on you. A.wasn’t saying B.don’t say C.won’t say D.didn’t say 【答案及解析】D由于在问句中既使用了现在完成时,又使用了一般现在时,使一些考生产生了误解。现在完成时表示过去发生的事对现在造成的影响,过去对新大衣没作任何评价,造成的影响是对方不知道究竟对新大衣是什么看法,所以要用一般过去时didn’t say。sooner表示“快,早”,不表示“将来”所以不能选won’t say。 真题47(2002全国卷29) I wonder why Jenny ________us recently.We should have heard from her by now。 A.hasn’t written B.doesn’t write C.won’t write D.hadn’t written 【答案及解析】 A时间状语recently常与现在完成时连用。We should have heard from her by now的意思是“目前我们应该收到她的信了。”一些考生把should have heard from her理解成“本来不该收到她的信而收到了”,发生了错误。should在这里用于表示可能性、估计、猜测或推论,答案为A。 真题48(2002北京卷21) The little girl ________her heart out because she ________her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it. A.had cried;lost B.cried;had lost C.has cried;has lost D.cries;has lost 【答案及解析】B 根据所提供的情景 she wasn’t ever going to find it可以确定 哭”的动作发生在过去。丢失玩具熊发生在“哭”之前,所以用过去完成时。 真题49(2002北京卷23) --Excuse me.sir.Would you do me a favor7 --Of course.What is it? --I _________if you could tell me how to fill out this form. A.had wondered B.was wondering C.would wonder D.did wonder 【答案及解析】 B在这个句子中用过去进行时表示在对方问话之前自己已在思考着这样一件事。What is it?用了一般现在时,给试题增加了一定的难度。按常理答案应为I wonder if...,但无此选项。A,C不合题意;D项用了did作强调,从上下文看没此必要,这里用过去进行时表示提出请求前的想法。 真题50(2002上海卷23) He will have learned English for eight years by the time he ________from the university next year. A.will graduate B.will have graduated C.graduates D.is to graduate 【答案及解析】C by the time后接定语从句,省略了关系副词when。在这种定语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来。译文:到明年毕业之前,他已经学了八年英语。 真题51(2002京、蒙、皖春季卷25) John and I ________ friends for eight years.We first got to know each other at Christmas party.But we ________each other a couple of times before that. A.had been;have seen B.have been;have seen C.hadbeen:had seen D.have been;had seen 【答案及解析】D 前者与一段时间状语for eight years连用,用现在完成时;后者表示在一次晚会上认识之前就见过,是过去的过去,用过去完成时。 真题52(2002京、蒙、皖春季卷27) This is Ted’s photo.We miss him a lot.He ________trying to save a child in the earthquake. A.killed B.is killed C.was killed D.was killing 【答案及解析】C从句意知Ted已经死了发生在过去,对于动词kill来说,应用被动,所以要用被动语态的一般过去时。 真题53(2002京、蒙、皖春季卷31) --How are the team playing? --They’re playing well, but one of them ________hurt. A.got B.gets C.are D.were 【答案及解析】 A one of+名词复数或代词复数作主语时,谓语用单数,所以排除C和D,got hurt“受伤”,get后接过去分词表被动。受伤的事发生在过去,用一般过去时。 真题54(2002上海春季卷30) Rainforests ________and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. cut B.are cut C.are being cut D.had been cut 【答案及解析】 c这句话的意思是“雨林正在以那么快的速度被砍伐和烧掉以至于在不久的将来它们将会消失。”从句子的语境they will disappear from the earth in the near future可判断,要用被动语态的现在进行时。表示现正在发生的事对将来可能造成的影响。 真题55(2002上海春季卷31) How I wish every family ________a large house with a beautiful garden! A.has B.had C.will have D.had had 【答案及解析】 B wish后接从句常用虚拟语气,表示这只是说话人的一种愿望。具体用法:如果从句中动作与现在事实相反应用过去时;与将来事实相反用would/could+动词原形;与过去事实相反用过去完成时或would/could +have done。译文:我多么希望每个家庭都住上带有漂亮花园的大房子。 真题56(2002上海春季卷36) It ________long before we ________the result of the experiment. A.will not be;will know B.is:will know C.will not be;know D.is:know 【答案及解析】 C这句话的意思是“我们将在不久知道试验的结果”。所以要用一般将来时。It will not be long是主句,意思是“不久”;在before引导的时间状语从句中,要用一般现在时表示将来。 真题57(2001全国卷24) Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ________ so rapidly. A.is changing B.has changed C.will have changed D.will change 【答案及解析】 A句中的谓语动词部分...is no easy task,谓语动词表示一种 “含此刻在内的广泛意义上的现在时间”,状语从句中说明原因为“技术更新变化迅速”,应采用现在进行时,表示一种“持续变化”的状态,体现了“变化;趋势;发展和进展”。 真题58(2001全国卷30) I ______ping-pong quite well,but I haven’t had time to play since the new year. A.will play B.have played C.played D.play 【答案及解析】 D从常识看,一个人一旦获得了某种技能,这种技能就会保持很长一段时间,而不因短期内不训练而失去,虽然“我”今年没有时问训练,但乒乓球一直打得很好,要用一般现在时态。 真题59(2001全国卷32) Visitors ________not to touch the exhibits. A.will request B. request C.are requesting D.are requested 【答案及解析】D request意为“要求”,是及物动词(及物动词的特点是:要么带宾语,要么用被动(无宾语时))。这句话的意思是参观者被要求不能触摸展览品,所以用被动。 真题60(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷12) Hundreds of jobs ________if the factory closes. A.lose B.will be lost C.are lost D.will lose 【答案及解析】B在if引导的状语从句中,从句用现在时,主句用一般将来时;而且主语是jobs,所以谓语动词要用被动语态。 真题6l(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷15) I've won a holiday for two weeks to Florida.I ________my mum. A.am taking B.have taken C.take D.will have taken 【答案及解析】 A用现在进行时表示将来的情况。答案为A。 真题62(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷17) A new cinema ________here.They hope to finish it next month. A.will be built B.is built C.has been built D.is being built 【答案及解析】 D They hope to finish it next month.说明电影院还在建设之中,所以从时态上讲是进行时;另外从语态上讲为被动语态。 真题63(2001上海春季卷26) The new suspension bridge ________by the end of last month. A.has been designed B.had been designed C.was designed D.would be designed 【答案及解析】 B在含有by引导的时间状语的句子中,谓语动词要用过去完成时。译文:到上月为止已完成了吊桥设计。 真题64(2001上海春季卷35) If a man ________succeed,he must work as hard as he can. A.will B.is to C.is going to D.should 【答案及解析】B状语从句中不能用将来时,如强调意愿,可用will;如强调某种决心、意向,要用be to do sth.表示职责、义务、意图、约定、可能性等。译文:如果一个人想成功,他必须尽力而为。所以要用is 10 succeed的形式。 真题65(2000全国卷13) --You’ve left the light on. --Oh,so I have.——and turn it off. A.I’ll go B.I’ve gone C.I go D.I’m going 【答案及解析】A先排除B,因它与and后的turn it off讲不通;从句意知灯还没关,所以他将去关掉它,故C排除;A和D均表将来,但will注重纯粹时间上的将来,而be goingto则强调计划和打算,再说和turn off不并列,只有A最准确。答案为A。 真题66(2000全国卷20) --How are you today? --0h, ________as ill as I do now for a very long timc. A.didn’t feel B.wasn’t feeling C.don’t feel D.haven’t felt 【答案及解析】D现在完成时表示从过去的某个时候开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态。从句子的意思可知,从过去某个时候开始,已经病了很长时间了。 真题67(2000全国卷25) The reporter said that the UFO ________east to west when he saw it. A.was travelling B.travelled C.had been travelling D.was to travel 【答案及解析】 A叙述报告者当时看到UFO的情景,要用过去进行时。答案为A。 真题68(2000上海卷24) My uncle ________until he was forty-five. A.married B.didn’t marry C.was not marrying D.would marry 【答案及解析】 B选用句型“…until”或“not…until”的关键是判断谓语动词是否可延续,如可延续就用“...until”;反之,用“not…until”。动词nmn-y(与……结婚,要……嫁给…••)是非延续性动词,所以要用didn’t marry。 真题69(2000上海卷36) If only he _________quietly as the doctor instructed,he would not suffer so much now. A.1ies B.1ay C.had lain D.should lie 【答案及解析】C “If only…”表示虚拟语气;“he would not suffer so much now中“now"表示现在的状况。这样,条件部分就是与过去事实相反,应用过去完成时表示。 真题70(2000京、皖春季卷9) Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while,but soon ________to his old ways. A.returned B.returns C.was returning D.had returned 【答案及解析】A比较两个并列句的时态可知,都表过去发生的事,所以用一般过去时。 真题71(2000京、皖春季卷14) --You’re drinking too much. --Only at home.No one _______me but you. A.is seeing B.had seen C.sees D.saw 【答案及解析】 C从句子的意思可知,此人爱喝酒是一种习惯,表示经常性的动作,所以要用一般现在时。故排除B、D;又从only at home可知他总是在家喝.所以每次喝时就只有“你”看见了。 真题72(2000京、皖春季卷19) All the preparations for the task ________,and we’re ready to start. A.completed B.complete C.had been completed D.have been completed 【答案及解析】D现在完成时表示过去所做的事对现在的影响。从后句and we’re ready to start的意思可知,一切准备工作已经就绪,可以开始工作了。 责任编辑:李芳芳 |
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