特殊句型及其它` (新课标版高三英语下册教学论文)
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特殊句型及其它
分类说明
特殊句型及其它主要涉及强调句型、反意疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、There be句型、倒装句及省略句。
1．强调句型：
句型结构形式：It is／was…that／who…
be的时态：that／who前面be的时态一般是一般现在时，当它后面的句子为过去时时，才用过去时。
判断方法：将(It is／was)．．．(that／who)…括号中的词同时去掉，看剩下的部分是否仍然成立。若成立，则是强调句型；若不成立，则为状语从句、定语从句或主语从句。
2．反意疑问句：
形式：句子+简短的疑问
(1)前面若有多个句子并列，则以最后一个句子为准；若前面部分为主从复合句，一般说来，以主句为准；但若宾语主从复合句的主句谓语动词是think，believe，suppose，feel，imagine，consider，guess等，主语又是第一人称且为一般现在时、谓语又没有任何副词修饰时，简短疑问部分的动词、时态、人称则以从句为准，而肯、否定形式依主句而定。
(2)前面句子含有must，can’t，may等表推测的词时，疑问部分则依据句子的时态及时间状语而定。
(3)句子是Let’s．．．时，后面用shall／shan’t we；前面部分是Let us…祈使句时，后面用will／won’t you。
(4)前面句子是I’m…时，后面用 aren’t l；句子是I’m not…时，后面用 am I。
(5)前面是感叹句时，后面跟感叹句的主、谓一致，但用否定形式。
(6)当主语是anyone／anybody／everyone／everybody时，疑问部分用复数形式。
否定、肯定形式：
(1)一般说来，前后两部分的否定、肯定形式相反；但当句子前有0h，Ah，so等语气词时，前后两部分的否定、肯定形式相同。
(2)前面部分有否定词或半否定词时，后面部分用肯定形式；但若前面部分含有由否定词缀构成的否定词时，后面部分还是用否定形式。
3．祈使句：祈使句的主语是you，但一般被省略；当前面有呼语时，一般得补出主语you；否定式一般是在前面加Don’t。
在“祈使句，+and／or／and then+句子”句型中，当祈使句中含有比较级时，可将祈使句中的谓语部分省略，只留下“比较级或比较级与名词，+and／or／and then+句子”。
4．感叹句：句型：what +a(n)+adj +n．+主语+be!；How +adj／adv．+主语+动词!
5．There be句型：注意动词的形式；注意能用于这一句型的抽象特殊名词及动词的抽象形式；注意主语补足语的形式。
6．倒装句：倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装。
全部倒装：地点副词或介词短语+动词+主语(名词)；地点副词或介词短语+主语(代词)+动词。
部分倒装：(1)否定词或半否定词+助动词／情态动词+主语+谓语动词+其它。
(2)only+副词(状语)／SO+助动词／情态动词+主语+谓语动词+其它。
(3)让步状语从句的倒装。
(4)非真实条件句的倒装。
(5)结果、目的状语从句中的such，SO提到句首时的倒装。
7．省略句：
(1)在上下文中，任何句子成分都可能省略，必须根据具体语境进行理解。
(2)熟悉并掌握一些特殊的省略形式。
A．在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，当从句的主语跟主句的主语一致时，从句的主语可以省略，同时将从句的谓语动词变为分词形式。
B．在时间、地点、条件、让步等状语从句中，当从句的主语跟主句的主语一致或从
句的主语是it，谓语是be动词时，从句的主语、谓语可以省略。如：When／Where，／If necessary。
C．当句子的谓语部分省略时，若只用代词代替句子，则需用代词的宾格形式。
D．当省略不定式的内容时，须保留小品词to。
8．对宾语从句的提问：特殊词位于句首，主句用一般疑问式，而宾语从句用陈述语序。
回放真题
真题l(2004重庆卷34)
I failed in the final examination last term and only then ________the importance of studies．
A．I realized B．I had realized C．had I realized D．did I realize
【答案及解析】 D当only修饰状语置于句首时，句子要用倒装，且该句的谓语是过去某时的动作，需用一般过去时。故正确答案为D。
真题2(2004广东卷30)
Of the making of good books there is no end；neither ________any end to their influence man’s lives．
A．there is B．there are C．is there D．are there
【答案及解析】C 根据句子结构，neither等否定词提前时，句子倒装，排除选项A、B；再根据there be句型中be的形式要求，可知答案选C。
真题3(2004广东卷32)
If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week，better _________it--you’ve got some big bills coming．
A．forget B．forgot C．forgetting D．to forget
【答案及解析】A根据句子的结构可知，主句缺少主语及谓语，再根据句子的意思，这是对对方的建议或劝告，应用祈使句，故答案选A。
真题4(2004福建卷31)
Scientists say it may be five or six years ________it is possible to test this medicine on human patients．
A．since B．after C．before D．when
【答案及解析】 c根据句子的意思，科学家对药品先要进行反复试验后才能用于病人身上，因此答案选C。
真题5(2004福建卷35)
It was with great joy ________he received the news that his lost daughter had been found．
A．because B．which C．since D．that
【答案及解析】 D 强调句型，答案选D。(强调句型的判断，请参看分类说明。)
真题6(2004湖北卷24)
It was __________back home after the experiment．
A．not until midnight did he go B．until midnight that he didn’t go
C．not until midnight that he went D．until midnight when he didn’t go
【答案及解析】 C对not…until句型进行强调时，需将not until连在一起置于that之前，故答案选C。
真题7(2004湖北卷34)
________straight on and you’11 see a church．You won’t miss it．
A．Go B．Going C．If you go D．When going
【答案及解析】 A根据连词and所连接的后面部分可知答案选A，构成祈使句 +and+句子结构。
真题8(2004辽宁卷26)
Maybe you have been to many countries，but nowhere else ________such a beautiful palace．
A．can you find B．you could find
C. you can find D．could you find
【答案及解析】 A but连接的后一个并列单句是以nowhere else这一否定词开始，故谓语要倒装，同时前后句时态要一致，答案选A。
真题9(2004四川卷22)
When flint ________ to the market，these products enjoyed great success．
A．introducing B．introduced C．introduce D．being introduced
【答案及解析】 B这是对省略的考查。在时间、地点、条件、让步等状语从句中，当从句的谓语动词是由be+其他词构成时，be可省略，同时将后面的动词变为分词形式。主语发出的动作，动词用-ing形式；主语承受的动作，动词用过去分词。据此，本题答案选B。
真题10(2004上海卷31)
Bill’s aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal， ________?
A．isn’t it B．is it C．isn’t he D．is he
【答案及解析】 A一般说来．复合句的反意疑问句后面的简短疑问部分与主句一致，它的主语是Bill’s aim，因此它的反意形式为A。
真题11(2004上海卷44)
--English has large vocabulary，hasn’t it?
--Yes．________more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate．
A．Know B．Knowing C．To know D．Known
【答案及解析】 A祈使句+and+简单句是一个常用句型。
真题12(2004上海卷41)
________ snacks and drinks．but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest．
A．Not only they brought B．Not only did they bring
C．Not only brought they D．Not only they did bring
【答案及解析】 B not only…but also连接两个并列句，当not only提到句首时。此句要部分倒装，即把助动词提到主语前，故答案选B。
真题13(2004上海卷43)
Why! I have nothing to confess．________you want me to say?
A．What is it that B．What it is that
C．How is it that D．How it is that
【答案及解析】 A此句为对被强调部分提问的疑问句，根据疑问语序，排除B、D。what做say的宾语，而how不行，因此答案选A。
真题14(2004湖南卷25)
Turn on the television or open a magazine and you ________advertisements showing happy families.
A．will often see B. often sees
C. are often seeing D. have often seen
【答案及解析】A 考查特殊句式：祈使句 + 连词and/but +主语 + will 结构
真题15(2004上海春季卷37)
It was only with the help of the local guide________.
A. was the mountain climber rescued
B. that the mountain climber was rescued.
C. when the mountain climber was rescued.
D. then the mountain climber was rescued.
【答案及解析】B 强调句型。
真题16(2003全国卷34)
The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _________with each other.
A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled
C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled
【答案及解析】C 时态与倒装。
真题17(2003上海卷36)
It is the poisonous products _________can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles.
A. who B. that C. how D. what
【答案及解析】 B 对于强调句的判断：将It be和后面的空白同时去掉，看剩下的部分是否还能构成一个句子，若句子成立，则原句子为强调句；若不能成立，则为其他句型。
真题18(2003上海春季卷29)
If you want for help—money or anything, let me know, ________you?
A. don’t B. will C. shall D. do
【答案及解析】B let me know 为祈使句，故用B项。
真题19(2003上海春季卷30)
It was because of bad weather ________the football match had to be put off.
A. so B. so that C. why D. that
【答案及解析】D 强调句型，对原因状语进行强调。
真题20(2003上海春季卷34)
Don’t be discouraged. ________things as they are and you will enjoy every day of you life.
A. Taking B. To take C. Take D. Taken
【答案及解析】C 考查结构：祈使句 +and/but +简单句结构。
真题21(2003上海春季卷39)
Only in this way ________to make improvement in the operating system．
A．you can hope B．you did hope C．can you hope D．did you hope
【答案及解析】C在含有only+状语的句子中，谓语动词要进行倒装。译文：只有用这种方法，才能改善操作系统。
真题22(2002上海卷24)
I feel it is your husband who ________for the spoiled child．
A．is to blame B．is going to blame
C．is to be blamed D．should blame
【答案及解析】 A be to blame是固定短语。这是一个强调旬，强调主语your husband。译文：我感觉惯坏孩子该怨你的丈夫。
真题23(2002上海卷28)
Mrs. Black doesn’t believe her son is able to design a digital camera, _________?
A．is he B．isn’t he C．doesn’t she D．does she
【答案及解析】D 反意疑问句一般依主句而定，但当宾语主从复合句中的主句同时满足下列条件时，疑问部分的主语、谓语依从句而定，疑问部分用肯定还是否定则由主句而定：(1)主语为第一人称；(2)谓语动词为：think，suppose, believe，imagine，consider，guess；(3)谓语为一般现在时；(4)谓语动词无任何修饰成分。
真题24(2002上海卷32) ‘
--You forgot your purse when you went out．
--Good heavens，________．
A．so did I B．so I did C．I did so D．I so did
【答案及解析】 B“SO+正装句”的意思是“是的”，表示同意别人所说的话。所提供的情境Good heavens说明自己确实在出门时忘了带钱包，所以回答说： “so I did．”。
真题25(2002上海卷39)
________be sent to work there?
A．Who do you suggest B．Who do you suggest that should
C．Do you suggest who should D．Do you suggest whom should
【答案及解析】 A对宾语从句中某部分提问而构成特殊疑问句时：(1)特殊疑问词必须置于句首；(2)主句用疑问语序，而从句用陈述语序。当主句中的谓语动词是suggest时，宾语从句用虚拟语气。这是一个Who引导的特殊疑问句。Who对宾语从句中的主语提问。suggest后接宾语从句时，从句的谓语动词要用should do sth．／be done或do／be done。由于这道题既考查了词序，又考查了suggest在特殊疑问句中的用法，增大了试题的难度系数。做这样的题目时，可以假设宾语从句的主语，先写出其陈述句，再对其主语提问，如：I suggest Mr. Smith be sent to work there．对Mr. Smith提问：Who do you suggest be sent to work there? 答案选A。
真题26(2002上海春季卷23)
________role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar．
A．How interesting B．How an interesting
C．What interesting D．What an interesting
【答案及解析】 D将感叹句转换为陈述句：She played an interesting role in the film．根据感叹句的构成规则，答案选D。
真题27(2002上海春季卷24)
Brian told you that there wasn’t anyone in the loom at that time，________?
A．was there B．wasn’t there C．didn’t he D．did he
【答案及解析】C 这是一个反意疑问句。主语是Brian,所以要填didn’t he一些考生受“当主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think，suppose等动词时，反意疑问句要根据从句的谓语动词来确定”规则的影响，误填了was there。
真题28(2002上海春季卷27)
Since you have repaired my TV set，________is no need for me to buy a new one．
A．it B．there C．this D．that
【答案及解析】 B There be no+名词，这一句型表示“没有必要……”。译文：因为你已经为我修好了电视机，所以我没有必要再买新的了。
真题29(2002上海春季卷40)
Not only ________interested in football but ________beginning to show an interest in it．
A．the teacher himself is；all his students are
B．the teacher himself is；are all his students
C．is the teacher himself；are all his students
D．is the teacher himself；all his students are
【答案及解析】D not only．．．but…引导的句子要用倒装。译文：不仅老师对足球感兴趣，学生们也开始对足球感兴趣了。
真题30(2001上海卷27)
So difficult ________it to live in an English．speaking country that I determined to learn English well．
A．I have felt B．have I felt C．I did feel D．did I feel
【答案及解析】D以“so+形容词”开头的句子要倒装。此句变为不倒装句为：I felt it so difficult to live in an English—speaking country that I determined to learn English well．译文：在一个说英语的国家里生活那么困难，我决定学习英语。
真题31(2001上海卷30)
I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer，________?
A. do I B．don’t I C．will they D．won’t they
【答案及解析】 C这是一个反意疑问句。当主句的谓语动词是think, suppose等，且主语是第一人称时，反意疑问句要根据从句的谓语动词来确定。这是一个否定句，所以要用肯定形式。译文：我不认为有人会当志愿者，是不是?
真题32(2001上海卷39)
Fishing is his favorite hobby，and ________．
A．he’d like to collect coins as well
B．he feels like collecting coins．too
C．to collect coins is also his hobby
D．collecting coins also gives him great pleasure
【答案及解析】 D这一题单从语法角度考虑的话，A、B、c、D四个选项都合适；但从修辞角度考虑，and连接并列的两个句子应当平行和对称，那么，只有选项D正确。
真题33(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷25)
________can you expect to get a pay rise．
A．With hard work B．Although work hard
C．Only with hard work D．Now that he works hard
【答案及解析】 C only+介词短语(副词、状语从句)+部分倒装。
真题34(2001上海春季卷32)
It was for this reason ________her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village．
A．which B． why C．that D．how
【答案及解析】C这是一个强调句。对for this reason进行强调，强调句型要强调句子的某一部分(通常是主语、状语、宾语)。句型的结构：It is(was)+被强调部分+that+句子的其余部分。译文：正是为了这个理由，她叔叔搬到了纽约，在一个小村庄定居下来。
真题35(2001上海春季卷33)
Only when the war was over ________to his hometown．
A．did the young soldier return B．the young soldier returned
C．returned the young soldier D．the young soldier did return
【答案及解析】 A only+状语或状语从句作状语时主句要用倒装。本句是only+时间状语从句，所以后接的主句要倒装。译文：直到战争结束后，这个年轻的战士才得以返回故乡。答案为A。
真题36(2000全国卷24)
It is the ability to do the job ________matters not where you come from or what you are.
A．one B．that C．what D．it
【答案及解析】B这是强调句，对主语the ability to do the job进行强调。
真题37(2000上海卷21)
The flews that they failed their driving test discouraged him，________?
A．did they B．didn’t they C．did it D．didn’t it
【答案及解析】D that引导同位语从句，news为不可数名词。
真题38(2000上海卷25)
Not a single song __________at yesterday’s party．
A. she sang B. sang she C．did she sing D．she did sing
【答案及解析】 C句首为否定意义的宾语时，该句的谓语要部分倒装。
真题39(2000上海卷38)
An awful accident ________，however，occur the other day．
A．does B．did C．has to D．had to
【答案及解析】 B这是一个对谓语强调的句子。时间状语the other d。y表过去，所以要用一般过去时。
真题40(2000京、皖•春季，22)
I finally got the job I dreamed about．Never in all my life _________so happy!
A．did I feel B．I felt C．I had felt D．had I felt
【答案及解析】D以never开头的句子其谓语动词要部分倒装；因为是过去发生的事，所以要用过去完成时。
真题41(2000京、皖春季卷23)
________some of this juice—perhaps you’11 like it．
A．Trying B．Try C．To try D．Have tried
【答案及解析】 B这是一个祈使句，所以要用动词原形。
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