情态动词表推测
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情态动词表推测 英语中表推测的情态动词很多,而中学阶段主要应掌握的有may/might, can/could, must, should/ought to等。将其分为以下几种情况较容易掌握。 一、 对现在或将来的情况进行推测 常用形式为“may/might, can/could, must, should/ought to +动词原形”。用法如下表: 动词 意义 句式 语气 must 肯定,准是 肯定陈述 确信 can/could 肯定,准是 否定疑问 确信 may/might 可能 陈述 不确信 should/ought to 按道理应该 肯定陈述 确信 请看例题: 1.---When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. ---They ____ be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need (NMET’98) 答案为B,意为“12点之前应该准备好了”,顾客可以放心。can 表推测不用于肯定陈述句,若表示能力,此句应为“We can get them ready by 12:00”;might 把握性不大,不符合顾客的心情;need意思和语法均不对。 2.---Are you coming to Jeff’s party? ---I’m not sure. I _____ go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might (NMET’2000) 答案为D。由 “I’m not sure” 知说话人语气不确信。 3.Put on more clothes. You _____ be feeling cold with only a shirt on. A. can B. could C. would D. must (NMET’85) 答案为 D。由肯定陈述句排除A、B, would 语气太弱 。 4. Michael _____ be a policeman, for he’s much too short. A. needn’t B. should C. can’t D. may (上海’94) 答案为C。由句意知“他太矮了,不可能是警察”。 5.Who ____ it be that stole my pen? A. could B. might C. must D. may 答案为A。此句为强调句型的一种变体,即“It +情态动词+be+被强调部分+that…” 句意为“会是谁偷了我的钢笔呢?”是推测语气,四个选项中只有could 可用于疑问句。 二.对过去或已经完成情况的推测 常用形式为“may/might, can/could, must + have done”。其可能性大小及肯、否定句式的应用同第一种情况。请看例题: 1.---There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. ---It ____ a comfortable journey. A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been (NMET’95) 答案为D。由第一知,在已经有五人的情况下,他们带上了我,车内很拥挤,第二句意为“那次旅行肯定不会很舒服”,对过去情况进行推测。 2. Sorry I’m late. I _____ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. should C. can D. will (NMET2000春) 答案为A。句意为“抱歉,我来迟了,我可能是把闹钟关了又睡着了”。should have done 表“本来应该做而没有做的事情”,can 表推测不用于肯定陈述句。 A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been (MET’89) 答案为B,由第一句didn’t 知是对过去情况进行推测,“我准是睡着了”。 4. They are playing football. They _____ the homework. A. must have finished B. should have finished C. must finish D. can’t have finished 答案为A。句意为“他们肯定已经完成了作业”,对现在已经完成的情况进行推测。B项意为“他们本该完成作业而未完成”;D项意为“他们肯定没有完成作业”,意思不好。 5. I was really anxious about you. You _____ home without a word. A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave (NMET2001) 分析该题前后句之间的关系和语气可知,事实上是 “本不应该离家出走却走了”,故本题选B。 6. —Is John coming by train﹖ —He should, but he ______ not. He likes driving his car. (NMET2002) A. must B. can C. need D. may mustn’t 表示“禁止、不准”;cannot 表示“不可能”;need not 表示“不必要”;may not 表示“可能不”。分析语境可知本题应选D 三.几点注意事项: 1. can 有时用于肯定句,表可能,意为“有时可能”; 如:Training by yourself in a gym can be highly dangerous. 你独自在体育馆训练有时是非常危险的。 2. must 对现在动作的推测常用进行体; 如:---Why isn’t Jack here? ---He must be doing his homework. ---杰克为什么不在这儿?---他肯定在做作业。 3. will 和would 可表推测,表示对目前事物的预料; 如:That will be the postman. 那准是邮递员。(可用must) They will be home by this time. 他们现在一定到家了。(可用must 或should) 4. mustn’t 有时也可表推测; 如:His absence mustn’t have been noticed. 他的缺席肯定没被察觉。 需要指出的是,这种说法虽然正日益被人们接受(尤其是在美国英语中),但在中学英语测试中还未被接受,所以不能作为答题依据。 责任编辑:李芳芳 |
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