情态动词表推测 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

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情态动词表推测
英语中表推测的情态动词很多,而中学阶段主要应掌握的有may/might, can/could, must, should/ought to等。将其分为以下几种情况较容易掌握。
一、 对现在或将来的情况进行推测
常用形式为“may/might, can/could, must, should/ought to +动词原形”。用法如下表:
动词 意义 句式 语气
must 肯定,准是 肯定陈述 确信
can/could 肯定,准是 否定疑问 确信
may/might 可能 陈述 不确信
should/ought to 按道理应该 肯定陈述 确信
请看例题:
1.---When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
---They ____ be ready by 12:00.
A. can B. should C. might D. need (NMET’98)
答案为B,意为“12点之前应该准备好了”,顾客可以放心。can 表推测不用于肯定陈述句,若表示能力,此句应为“We can get them ready by 12:00”;might 把握性不大,不符合顾客的心情;need意思和语法均不对。
2.---Are you coming to Jeff’s party?
---I’m not sure. I _____ go to the concert instead.
A. must B. would C. should D. might
(NMET’2000)
答案为D。由 “I’m not sure” 知说话人语气不确信。
3.Put on more clothes. You _____ be feeling cold with only a shirt on.
A. can B. could C. would D. must
(NMET’85)
答案为 D。由肯定陈述句排除A、B, would 语气太弱 。
4. Michael _____ be a policeman, for he’s much too short.
A. needn’t B. should C. can’t D. may (上海’94)
答案为C。由句意知“他太矮了,不可能是警察”。
5.Who ____ it be that stole my pen?
A. could B. might C. must D. may
答案为A。此句为强调句型的一种变体,即“It +情态动词+be+被强调部分+that…” 句意为“会是谁偷了我的钢笔呢?”是推测语气,四个选项中只有could 可用于疑问句。
二.对过去或已经完成情况的推测
常用形式为“may/might, can/could, must + have done”。其可能性大小及肯、否定句式的应用同第一种情况。请看例题:
1.---There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
---It ____ a comfortable journey.
A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be
C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been (NMET’95)
答案为D。由第一知,在已经有五人的情况下,他们带上了我,车内很拥挤,第二句意为“那次旅行肯定不会很舒服”,对过去情况进行推测。
2. Sorry I’m late. I _____ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
A. might B. should C. can D. will (NMET2000春)
答案为A。句意为“抱歉,我来迟了,我可能是把闹钟关了又睡着了”。should have done 表“本来应该做而没有做的事情”,can 表推测不用于肯定陈述句。
3. I didn’t hear the phone. I ____ asleep.
A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been
(MET’89)
答案为B,由第一句didn’t 知是对过去情况进行推测,“我准是睡着了”。
4. They are playing football. They _____ the homework.
A. must have finished B. should have finished
C. must finish D. can’t have finished
答案为A。句意为“他们肯定已经完成了作业”,对现在已经完成的情况进行推测。B项意为“他们本该完成作业而未完成”;D项意为“他们肯定没有完成作业”,意思不好。
5. I was really anxious about you. You _____ home without a word.
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left
C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave (NMET2001)
分析该题前后句之间的关系和语气可知,事实上是 “本不应该离家出走却走了”,故本题选B。
6. —Is John coming by train﹖
—He should, but he ______ not. He likes driving his car. (NMET2002)
A. must B. can C. need D. may
mustn’t 表示“禁止、不准”;cannot 表示“不可能”;need not 表示“不必要”;may not 表示“可能不”。分析语境可知本题应选D
三.几点注意事项:
1. can 有时用于肯定句,表可能,意为“有时可能”;
如:Training by yourself in a gym can be highly dangerous.
你独自在体育馆训练有时是非常危险的。
2. must 对现在动作的推测常用进行体;
如:---Why isn’t Jack here?
---He must be doing his homework.
---杰克为什么不在这儿?---他肯定在做作业。
3. will 和would 可表推测,表示对目前事物的预料;
如:That will be the postman.
那准是邮递员。(可用must)
They will be home by this time.
他们现在一定到家了。(可用must 或should)
4. mustn’t 有时也可表推测;
如:His absence mustn’t have been noticed.
他的缺席肯定没被察觉。
需要指出的是,这种说法虽然正日益被人们接受(尤其是在美国英语中),但在中学英语测试中还未被接受,所以不能作为答题依据。
责任编辑:李芳芳

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