两 种 副 词，用 法 有 别 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
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两 种 副 词，用 法 有 别
新疆焉耆八一中学 肖华 （邮 编：841100）
Ⅰ两种形式，意义不同
1. hard “努力、刻苦、猛烈地、困难地”。hardly“几乎不、简直不；严厉地、无礼地；艰辛地、费力地”.
1)She works _____ while his brother ____ works. So he often fails in exam，and father criticized him _____.
2)The wind was blowing ____ , so the old man is breathing very ____.
1)hard ,hardly ,hardly 2)hard , hard
2. late “晚地、迟地、不早地”。lately“最近、不久前”=（recently）,可用于多种时态。as late as 与as lately as用法相同，意为“近至、直到”。
1)Mr Smith often arrives _____ _____
2)I saw her as _______ as the day before yesterday.
1)late , lately 2)late(lately)
3. short“突然地、唐突地”。shortly “不久、很快、立刻；无礼地”
The car stopped _____ , then it started ______.
short ,shortly
4. real “简短地、非常、的确”。really“事实上、实际上、真正地、彻底地”
1)I’m ______ sorry to hear that.　　　
2)What does he _____ think about it ? 　
1)real 2)really
5. near（时间、空间、程度上的）接近、临近、在附近。nearly “几乎、差不多” nearly只能用来修饰名词、数词或数词＋名词，不能用来修饰形容词，与动词连用时，意为“非常、十分”。not nearly “根本没有”。
1).The train came _____ and _____.
2).When he arrived , it was _____ midnight.
3).She loves her mother very _______.
4).There is not ______ enough money for a new car.
1)nearer ,nearer 2)nearly 3)nearly 4)nearly
6.dead“全然、完全地、突然” deadly“死了一般地、非常”
1).He was ______ asleep ( drunk / tired).
2).The novel was ______ dull.
1)dead 2)deadly
7. dear“昂贵地” dearly “深深地、热切” dearly有时表示“昂贵地、以巨大代价”
1).He got rich by buying cheap and selling ______.
2).She loved his family _______.
3).He paid _____ for his experience.
1)cheap 2)dearly 3)dearly
8.close“接近、靠近”[多不置于动词和过去分词前，可与介词on/ upon连用，接数词或时段名词；与to 连用通常只接数词]。closely“密切地、秘密地、仔细地、紧密地、势均力敌地”
1).It was _____ on /upon midnight.
2).She is ______ upon / on / to thirty
3).Come _____ I want to tell you that she is _____ related to him and you must study it ______ .
1)close 2)close 3)close , closely ,closely
9.ready“事先准备好地”[常与过去分词连用] readily“欣然地、简单地、容易地、毫不迟疑地”
1).The meat was _____ cooked.
2).He ______ accepted the offer.
3).The sofa can be ______ converted into a bed.
1)ready 2)readily 3) readily
10. most“最；非常”。mostly “主要地、大多数”
1).---Is she the ____ beautiful girl in your class?
--- No, She is a _____beautiful girl.
2).The remaining people was ______ children and women.
1)most 2)most 3) mostly
11.clean “完全地、彻底地”[无比较级。常和forget , over, through ,away , out等连用]。cleanly“干净地、利索地”
1).I _____ forgot about it.
2).The knife doesn’t cut ____through the meat.
1)clean 2)cleanly
12.fair“公平地” fairly “相当地、完全地、老实地”
1).We should learn to fight hard but fight _____.
2).They live in a _____ big house.
1)fair 2) fairly
13.low“低地、便宜地、深深地”[可以表示声音的低]。lowly“谦虚地、卑微地；程度上低地”
1).The small plane flew ____ over the stadium.
2).He bowed _____ to the queen.
3).He bowed ______ before the queen.
1)low 2)low 3)lowly
14.pretty(可用来修饰褒贬意义的形容词或副词)“十分地、相当地、颇”。prettily“漂亮地”（主要用来修饰谓语动词）,pretty well(=almost)“几乎”。
1).Not only does she look ______ beautiful , but also she is dressed _____.
2).We’ve ______ well finished the work.
1)pretty , prettily 2)pretty
Ⅱ带-ly的副词用于抽象的场合。不带-ly的用于直接的或具体的场合。
1.wide“宽地”， widely “广泛地”wide还可表示“广大地、充分地、完全地”常构成：wide open（敞开着的）,wide awake（完全清醒）等搭配。
1).Please open the your mouth ______.
2).English is _____ used in the world.
3).He was ______ awake.
1)wide 2) widely 3)wide
2.high “高地”[可以表示物价、地位或声音的高] highly “高度地、十分地”
1).I am ______ pleased to jump so _____.
2).The model plane flies _____ , and Jack was _______ praised.
1)highly ,high 2)high , highly
3.deep“深地、晚地” deeply“深深地、强烈地、非常地”
a.修饰具体动作时，两者可换用，但多用deep. b.表示静止状态时，只用deep(此时多与介词、副词连用).c.修饰形容词或过去分词只能用deeply[此时deeply多用于引申含义，表示个人情感。d.deeply 可与hate, dislike, regret , admire , love , value等动词连用，但不能与like 连用.e.与how 连用，常用deeply.
1).We had to dig very _________ to find water.
2).He stood there thinking, his hands _______ in his pockets.
3)._____ moved by what had said , she sat there thinking ___ into the night.
4).I am _______ grateful to you.
5).I _______ regret his death.
6).How _______ did the she dive?
1)deep(deeply 2)deep 3)deeply , deep 4.deeply 5.deeply 6)deeply
Ⅲ习惯用法。
1. easy与 easily
一般情况下用easily easy (adv)只用于成语中,如：
go easy（慢点） go easy on（节省） take it easy放松 easy does it（漫漫干） get off easy（不受严厉惩罚）stand easy(稍息) ， take it easy on .. （对….太严厉），Easy come , easy go（来得容易去得容易）
1).This TV set can be ______ moved
2)They could be ______ seen at a distance of ten miles.
1)easily 2)easily
2．aloud loud 与loudly
aloud“出声地”（不是在脑子里默默地说，只有修饰cry, shout时，才表示“大声地”，没有比较级）loud主要用来说明人的谈笑等声音，常与speak , talk, laugh, say, shout等连用，但如果说明的是消极性行为用loudly.（loudly常含“喧闹、噪杂“之意）.loudly还可表示穿着、打扮等的引人注目地、花哨地。
1).He thought to himself _____ for a while , then he was about to speak _____ when the bomb exploded _______.
2).She was very ______ dressed.
1)aloud , loud , loudly 2)loudly
3.slow与slowly
在walk ,climb, go, speak, read, burn 或how 之后常用slow. 在how, go drive, climb之后也可用slowly，但较少。其他情况一般用slowly.
1).How _____ he climbs!
2).We had to go very _______.
3).She eats most ______ of all the family.
1)slow 2)slow(slowly) 3)slowly
4.quick 与quickly “快地、迅速地”
as quick as 比as quickly as 更为常见。quicker 和more quickly都是副词的比较级，但quicker主要用来指速度，more quickly主要用来指时间。
1).He runs as _______ as I.
2).As we get older the years seem to pass _______.
3).The train will get you there _____ than the bus.
1)quick(quickly) 2)more quickly 3)quicker
Ⅳ.意义相似，常可换用
1.clear 与 clearly “清楚地”,可换用,若有修饰语时，须用clearly. 表示“明显地，显然地”用clearly. clear还有“完全地”之意
1).He speaks ________ and loud.
2).He speaks quite _______.
3).It was ______ a mistake..
4).The prisoner got ______ away.
1)clear(clearly) 2)clearly 3)clearly 4.clear
2.direct 与directly“直、直接地”可换用，directly 还有“立即“之意。也可作连词,相当于as soon as.
1).We flew _______ to Paris.
2).I’ll see you ______ after lunch
3).______ I had done it, I knew I had made a mistake.
1)drect(directly) 2)directly 3)directly
3.free与 freely“自由地”可换用，free还有“免费地”之意，freely 有“率直地、慷慨地，大量地”之意
1).The children ran _______ across the meadow.
2).She was admitted _____.
3).He gives ______ to many organization that help the poor.
1)free(freely) 2)free 3)freely
4.cheap与cheaply“便宜地”可换用，但只说go cheap (被便宜卖出)。
I sold the car _________
The car will go ________
1)cheap (cheaply) 2) cheap
5.bad / badly “非常；严重；恶劣地；迫切地“
The building around were badly damaged 周围的建筑物损坏严重。
The flowers need watering badly. 花急需浇水。
6.quiet / quietly “轻轻地“
Close the door quiet (quietly) 轻请地关门。
一般来说大多数带-ly与不带-ly意义相同时，带-ly的表示方式、方法，不带-ly的表示结果、状态。
The door is closed tight.门紧紧地关着
Please tightly close the door.请把门关紧。
The photo has not come out clear.这照片模糊不清
He remembers the photo clearly 他记得很清楚
Ⅴ.位置不同。
带-ly多放在动词的前面，不带-ly多放在句末。常见的有：firm---firmly（坚固地、坚实地、牢牢地）, tight----tightly（紧紧地、坚固地）, wrong---wrongly（错误地）, right ----rightly（正确地、公正地、恰当地）
You don’t hold your pen right.你拿笔的样子不对。
They rightly guessed that he would refuse to help.
他们正确猜测到他是会拒绝给予帮助的。
rightly一般不修饰形容词或副词。可放在句首对全句内容进行评价。
Rightly ,The meeting ended early today.
The door was shut tight 门关得紧紧地
The passengers were tightly packed in the train.
旅客紧紧地挤火车里。
You’ve got it wrong (wrongly) 你误会了。
He was wrongly caught by the police. 警察错抓了他。
loud一般位于动词后，loudly位于动词前后均可。
You should not speak so loud (loudly) 你不该那样大声说话。
责任编辑：李芳芳

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