倒装结构总结 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
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倒装结构总结
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/03/06 19:59 英语辅导报
英语中的倒装结构不仅是各类考试的重点,也是我们在阅读理解中正确理解句意的关键,同时也是我们写作增色的措施之一。由此可见,我们有必要掌握其结构和用法。由于倒装结构较多,下面笔者采用一表将其重点内容列出,以使其结构与用法一目了然。
一、 全部倒装无需助动词
here,there,then,in,up,down,off,away等副词开头的句子,用来表示强调。
1.副词+谓语+主语。例:
Then rang the bell./Here comes the bus./Here come the buses.
2.介词短语+谓语+主语。例:
A girl stood in front of the house. =In front of the house stood a girl.
3.副词+主语+谓语(主语为代词不倒装)。例:Mr Li came in.=In came Mr Li.=In he came.
4.表语置于句首,强调表语,或保持句子平衡。(形容词、ed分词、ing分词、介词)+be+主语。
Present at the meeting was Professor Li.
二、部分倒装需要借助助动词副词
1.only +副词、介词短语、状语从句,(位于句首时。但only +主语位于句首不倒装)倒装主句。例:
Only then did I realize I was wrong.
Only at work does he feel happy.
Only if he has time will he come here.
(Only socialism can save China./Only the boy can work out the problem.)
2.hardly,never,scarcely'not,no,little,seldom,not until,in no time等否定词(短语)位于句首时。例:
I have never been to London.=Never have I been to London.
Seldom does she wear skirt.
Not a single mistake did he make.
3.so.+adj/adv..that中的so或such...that中的such位于句首时(Such+noun+be+主语)。例:
He is so busy that he can't attend it. =So busy is he that he can't attend it.
Such a nice pen does he has that he likes it very much.
4.动词、形容词、名词+as /though的让步状语从句中,倒装从句。例:
Though she is pretty,she is not clever.=Pretty as she is,she is not clever.
Child as he was,he knew a lot.
Try as you would,you might fail a-gain.
5.not only...but also连接并列分句时。(连接主语不倒装)前倒后不倒。例:
Not only was there no water,but no gas.
Not only he but also you saw his watch.
6.neither...nor连接并列分句时。(连接主语不倒装)前后都倒装。例:
Neither can she use computer,nor can he. /Neither you nor I enjoyed his story.
7.so位于句首表示前句的内容也同样适用于后一个人或物(只能是肯定句,且前后两句的主语不相同)。so+连系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语。例:
She is a teacher.So am I. /I can speak French.So can you.
He plays the piano.So does her mother. /They've known it.So has Miss Yang.
8.neither /nor用于句首,表示前句的否定内容也适用于后一句的人或物。(只能用于否定句) neither /nor +连系动词/助动词/情态动+主语。例:
He hardly knows about the law.Neither do his par-ents.
I wasn't in the long jump.Nor were they.
9.在表示强烈的祝愿的祈使句中。例:
副词+谓语+主语或May+主语+谓语
Long live the People's Republic of China!
May you succeed! /May our friendship last for good!
(文/浙江温州沈永铭；英语辅导报高中教师版03-04学年第18期)
英语高考试题对倒装的分类考查
一、only引导的状语位于句首时。
解题思路:only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时要用倒装语序,将相应的助动词放到主语之前。如: 1. ___________ can you expect to get a pay rise. (NMET2001春)
A.With hard work B.Although work hard
C.Only with hard work D.Now that he works hard
例2.Only by practicing a few hours every day ___________ be able to waste.(1990年上海)
A.you can B.can you C.you will D.will you
二、 表示相同概念的肯定或否定回答时的倒装用法。
解题思路:副词so 放在句首,表示前面肯定句中所说的情况也适用于另一人(或物),意思为"也,同样,也如此"。句型是:so +助动词+主语;把neither ,nor 放在句首,表示前面的否定也适用于另一个人(或物),意思为"也不是,也没有"。其句型是: neither(nor )+ be (have ,或其他助动词)+ 主语。如:
3."Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?芽"
"I didn't know，___________ ." (NMET1991)
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C.I don't care neither D.I don't care also
4.The food didn't cost too much， but neither very good.(1987上海高考)
A. it were B. were it C. it was D. was it
例5."I don't think I can walk any further." " ___________ .Let's stop here for a rest." (MET1985)
A. Neither can I B. Neither do I C.I didn't think so D.I think so
注意:如果后面的句子表示同意,或进一步强调前面所说的情况,或者赞同前面的说法,意思为"是的，确实是这样，的确如此"时,那么so放在句首,后面助动词不用前置。
三、 对固定句型的测试考查。
解题思路:常见的句型有:there句型 ,hardly...when ，no sooner...than等。
6.___________ got into the room，___________ the telephone rang.(MET1988)
A.He hardly；then B.Hardly had he；when C.He had not；than D.Not had he；when
四、对含有否定意义的副词或介词短语等放在句首时的考查。
解题思路:这一类常见的副词有hardly,scarcely,never,not,not only,not until,seldom,little,few,no longer,at no time,by no means,nowhere,in no case等。
7.Not until all the fish died in the river ___________ how serious the pollution was.(NMET1995)
A.did the villagers realize B.the villagers realized
C.the villagers did realize D.didn't the villagers realize
8.Not until I began to work ___________ how much time I had wasted.(MET 1990)
A.didn't realize B.did I realize C.I didn't realize D.I realized
9.Not until the early years of 19th century ___________ what heat is.(MET1989)
A.man did know B.man knew C.didn't man know D.did man know
五、 在虚拟条件句中倒装结构的考查。
解题思路:如果虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,had或 should ,可以把if省略掉,而将这三个词放于条件句主语前,构成倒装。如:
10.Had I known her name，___________ .(1992上海)
A.or does she know mine B.and where does she live
C.she would come here D.I would have invited her
六、as,however构成的让步状语从句的考查。
解题思路: 在这种让步状语从句中。我们一般将表语或状语等提前,并用as,howev-er 连接句子,构成倒装。一般结构为:形容词(副词或名词等)+ as /however + 从句。
11. ___________ ，mother will wait for him to have dinner together.(NMET1997)
A.However late is he B.However he is late C.However is he late D.However late he is
实力检测:
1. ___________ with his slippers on when he heard the terrible noise.
A.Rushed he out B.Out rushed he C.Out he rushed D.Out did he rush
2.Not until ___________ to the top of the palace caught.
A.he got； was he B.did he got； he was C.he got； he was D.did he get； was he
3.Only in this way ___________ expect to get over so many difficulties.
A.we B.can we C.that we D.we can
4.So tired ___________ after a whole day's hard work that he ___________ stand.
A.was he；could hardly B.did he be；could hardly
C.was he；couldn't hard D.he was；hardly could
5.My brother had a bad cold last week，and so ___________ .
A.did I B.had I C.was I D.I did
6. ___________ I had time， I would have run round that lake again.
A.If B.Unless C.Had D.When
7.Not only______ a promise， but also he kept it.
A.had he made B.he had made C.did he made D.he makes
8. ___________ ，she was already a lawyer.
A.How young she was B.As she was young
C.Young as she was D.Young though she was
9. I received his mother's telephone call at eleven. ＿＿that he was badly hurt in an accident yesterday.
A. Then did I know B. Only then I knew C. Only then did I know D. Only then knew I
10. -- What sport do you like best?
- Springboard diving(跳板跳水). ＿＿＿＿ to dive into water from high board!
A. What a fun is it B. How fun it is C. How a fun is it D. What fun it is
11. -- The old man wouldn't stay at home for a rest even if it rained.
-- ＿＿＿＿. He would feel sick if he stayed home for one day.
A. So would my grandpa B. So wouldn't my grandpa
C. Neither would my grandpa D. Nor wouldn't my grandpa
12. ＿＿＿for us to surf(冲浪) on the sea in summer!
A. What exciting is it B. How exciting is it C. What exciting it is D. How exciting it is
13. By no means ＿＿＿ to our plan for the trip.
A. will she agree B. she will agree C. agrees she D. will agree she
14. The child tiptoed(翘起脚尖走) quietly to the bird. ＿＿＿into the forest when he was about to catch it.
A. Flew it away B. Away flew it C. Away it flew D. Flew away it
15. Little Tom is an orphan. ＿＿＿＿＿,he has to make a living by himself.
A. A child as he is B. Child as he is C. Child as is he D. A child though he is
16. ＿＿＿he gave that we should take more exercise in our spare time!
A. What a good advice B. How a good advice C. What good advice D.How good advice
17. Hardly had she walked out of the woods ＿＿＿ she heard the strange scream coming from behind a tree.
A. than B. until C. since D. when
18. ＿＿＿that we couldn't catch up with him.
A. So fast he ran B. So fast did he run C. So fast ran he D. Such fast did he run
19. We have been on duty for four hours and ＿＿＿＿.
A. now comes your turn B. now does your turn come
C. now your turn comes D. comes now your turn
20. We haven't seen each other for many months. ＿＿!
A. What I missed you B. What did I miss you
C. How I missed you D. How did I miss you
21. ＿＿can you find out how many chickens there are!
A. Counting them B. By counting them
C. Only by counting them D. Only have you counted them
22. Between the two mounts＿＿＿and they decide to build a ropeway(索道).
A. lies a very deep valley B. does a very deep valley lie
C. a very deep valley lies D. a very deep valley lays
倒装句参考答案：
1-5：CBBAA 6-8:CCC
9. C。only修饰句子的状语（副词、介词短语、状语从句）位于句首时，句子的主谓部分倒装。
10. D。句子中fun是不可数名词，感叹词需要用what。
11. C。Neither would my grandpa＝My grandpa wouldn't stay at home for a rest,either. 否定副词neither,nor提前到句首，句子用部分倒装。
12. D。形容词exciting前用感叹词how,感叹句用陈述语序。
13. A。表示否定意义的介词短语在句中作状语置于句首时，句子的主谓部分倒装。这样的介词短语有：by no means,at no time,in no way,not in the least等。
14. C。参见注4。
15. B。Child as he is＝Although he is a child。as引导让步状语从句时，通常要把作表语的形容词或名词、作状语的副词或动词原形提前到句首，同时注意，作表语的单数名词前无形容词时要把不定冠词去掉。
16. C。名词advice用感叹词what,advice是一个不可数名词。
17. D。hardly. . . when. . . 表示"一……就"。注意，主句主谓要用部分倒装。
18. B。在so. . . that的句型中"so＋形容词或副词"提前到句首时，主句主谓部分倒装。19. A。时间副词now／then置于句首，其谓语又是come,go,begin等，这时应该用全部倒装语序。
20. C。how修饰句子的谓语动词，句子表示"我是多么想念你啊！"
21. C。参见注9。
22. A。参见注8。
9. C。only修饰句子的状语（副词、介词短语、状语从句）位于句首时，句子的主谓部分倒装。
10. D。句子中fun是不可数名词，感叹词需要用what。
11. C。Neither would my grandpa＝My grandpa wouldn't stay at home for a rest,either. 否定副词neither,nor提前到句首，句子用部分倒装。
12. D。形容词exciting前用感叹词how,感叹句用陈述语序。
13. A。表示否定意义的介词短语在句中作状语置于句首时，句子的主谓部分倒装。这样的介词短语有：by no means,at no time,in no way,not in the least等。
14. C。参见注4。
15. B。Child as he is＝Although he is a child。as引导让步状语从句时，通常要把作表语的形容词或名词、作状语的副词或动词原形提前到句首，同时注意，作表语的单数名词前无形容词时要把不定冠词去掉。
16. C。名词advice用感叹词what,advice是一个不可数名词。
17. D。hardly. . . when. . . 表示"一……就"。注意，主句主谓要用部分倒装。
18. B。在so. . . that的句型中"so＋形容词或副词"提前到句首时，主句主谓部分倒装。19. A。时间副词now／then置于句首，其谓语又是come,go,begin等，这时应该用全部倒装语序。
20. C。how修饰句子的谓语动词，句子表示"我是多么想念你啊！"
21. C。参见注9。
22. A。参见注8。
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