现在完成时及其考点 (新目标版九年级英语上册教学论文)

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现在完成时及其考点
考点一:考查基本概念
例 Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .(呼和浩特)
A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know
  简析:现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,或过去发生的动作还未结束,一直持续到现在或将来,重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大,往往无时间状语,需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理,正确答案是B。
考点二:考查时间状语
 例1. He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
  A. already B.never C.ever D. still
 例2. Have you met Mr Li ______?
  A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago
 例3. The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .
  A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written
 例4.—Our country ______ a lot so far . —Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
  A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good
  C. has changed ; better D. changed ; better
 例5. Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
  A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying
 例6. We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
  A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew
 例7. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
  A. will see B. have seen C. saw D.see
  简析:现在完成时的时间状语常有如下四类:
  ⑴现在完成时常与already(已经),just(刚刚,正好),ever(曾经),never(从来,也不;从不),before(以前),yet(仍然)等连用。故例1应选B;例2应选C。
  ⑵现在完成时常与recently(近来),so far(到目前为止),in the past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间,句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故例3应选D,例4应选C。
  ⑶现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用(含从句,从句过去时)。故例5应选C,例6应选C。
  ⑷现在完成时还与once(一次),twice(两次),three times(三次),several times(几次)等表示重复次数的词语连用。故例7应选B。
考点三:考查与一般过去时的区别
例1. —These farmers have been to the United States .
—Really ? When _____ there ?
  A. will they go B. did they go
  C. do they go D. have they gone
 例2.—______ you ___ your homework yet ? —Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
  A. Did ; do ; finished B. Have ; done ; finished
  C. Have ; done ; have finished D. will ; do ; finish
  简析:现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆,就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去,但二者又有区别:一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作,说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情,与现在没有关系;现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作,它不与表示过去的时间状语(如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等)连用。故例1、2的正确答案皆为B。
考点四:考查非延续性动词的用法
 例1. His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
  A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in
 例2.—Do you know him well ?
  — Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
  A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made
 例3.—How long have you ____ here ?—About two months .
  A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived
 例4. Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
  A. has begun B. had begun
  C. has been on D. began
 例5. His uncle died two years ago .(改变句子,句意不变)
  His uncle has _______ for two years
 例6. Her mother has been a Party member for three years .(同义句)
  Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .
 例7. It _____ ten years since he left the army .
  A. is B. has C. will D. was
  简析:现在完成时中,非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用,通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。常用的非延续性动词及替代形式如下:
close—→be closed, put on→wear , open—→be open
get up—→be up, finish/end—→be over , lose—→be lost ,
marry—→be married(to), fall asleep/ go to sleep —→be asleep ( sleep ) ,
get to know—→ know   come/arrive—→be here/in ,
come/get back—→be back , go/leave-be away , become —→be ,
borrow —→keep , buy—→have , begin/start—→be on ,
die—→be dead , join—→be in/be a ember of... ,
catch a cold—→ have a cold等,
故例1、2、3、4的正确答案依次为:D、B、A、C。例5应填been dead 。其次,可以用相应的延续性动词的过去时表示,故例6应填joined;ago。再次,还可用“It is + 一段时间+since从句”来表示,故例7应选A。
考点五:考查词组have/has been in / to与have/has gone to的区别
 例1. Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .
  A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been
 例2. My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
  A. have been in B. have been to
  C. have gone to D.have been
  简析:“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地(还未回来)”,指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”,常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地(但现在已不在那儿)。”故例1、2的正确答案皆为A。
责任编辑:李芳芳

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