Unit 1 Language Points

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重点词语用法
1.introduce[?intr+'dju:s]vt.
1)make persons known by name to one another:介绍,表示“把……介绍给……”常用下列结构:introduce sb. to sb. ,其中“to sb. ”也可省略。例如:
①He introduced a new teacher to us at the welcome meeting.
在欢迎会上,他给我们介绍了一位新老师。
②At the beginning of the class, the teacher usually says, “Let me introduce myself to you first. ”
在一开始上课时老师通常说:“让我先来做一下自我介绍。”
③When one friend was introduced to another, they often say“How do you do?”to each other.
当一个朋友被介绍给另一个朋友的时候,他们常常时互致“你好?”。
④I'd like to introduce my teacher Miss Zhang to you here.
我想把我的老师张小姐给你们介绍一下。(注意:本句中 Miss Zhang 是my teacher的同位语。)
2)bring into use:引用
① He introduced a new method in teaching.
他在教学上引用了一种新的方法。
3)bring in for the first time 第一次引进
① Potatoes were introduced into Europe from South America.
土豆是从南美传入欧洲的。
② Coffee was introduced to England from the Continent.
咖啡是从欧洲大陆引进到英格兰的。
【注意】introduce的名词形式是introduction,意为“介绍”。例如:
①This is a letter of introduction. 这是一封介绍信。
②I'm very glad to have an introduction at the beginning of the class.
一开始上课,我很高兴做一下介绍。
2.nice[nais] adj. good, pleasant, kind:美好的;令人愉快的;友好的
① a nice day(book, taste, etc. )好天气(书,味道等)
②The weather is very nice here. 这儿的天气很好。
③ a nice trip to the Great Wall去长城的一次畅游
④It's nice of you to invite us. 你邀请我们真是太好了。
⑤They are very nice to us. 他们对我们很友好。
【注意】nice的副词形式是 nicely;最高级形式为 nicest,意为“最令人愉快的”。例如:
①This job fits me nicely. 这项工作很适合我来做。
②What is the nicest part of your holidays?
你假期中最愉快的是哪一段时间?
3.everyday['evridei]adj. happening or used daily: 每天的,日常的
① Knowing some everyday English will be helpful.
会一些日常英语会有所帮助的。
② The film is about the everyday life of the people in the U. S. A. 这是部关于美国人日常生活的电影。
【注意】 everyday 仅仅用作定语;当其分开写成 every day时,是名词短语,意为“每天”,在句中用作时间状语。例如:
① Every day they went to the road nearby and stood there begging.
他们每天到附近的路上,站在那里要饭。
4.employ[im'pl&:i]vt. 雇用
①He employs four men during the vacation. 假期期间他雇了四个人。
② Li Ming is employed in a restaurant. 李明受雇于一家饭店。
③Do you know the man who employed two children?
你认识那个雇佣了两个童工的人吗?
【注意】
1)employer n. 雇主;雇用者。
2)employee n. 受雇者;雇员
3)employment n. 雇用;职业;工人(不可数)。如:
He is looking for employment. 他在找职业。
4)unemployed adj. 失业的
5)unemployment n. 失业。又如:
① The employer is a person who employs others. 雇主是雇佣别人的人。
②In China the people who are unemployed are called laid-off workers.
在中国失业的人员被称为下岗职工。
5.more [m&:]
1)adj. greater in number,quantity,quality,degree,size,ect;additional:数目更多的;更大量的;更佳的;程度更高的;更大的;附加的。例如:
①More than one person has made the suggestion.
不止一个人提出这个建议。
②Instead of fewer accidents there are more.
事故不但没减少,反而增加了。
③ He has more money (chance,etc. )than ever.
他的钱(机会)比任何时候都多。
【注意】more为many或much的比较级形式。
①many----more----most修饰可数名词。
②much----more----most修饰不可数名词。
2)n. a great account or number 更大的量或数
----What more do you need?你还需要什么?
----I don't need any more. 我不再要了。
3)adv. 放在多音节的形容词或副词前,构成形容词或副词比较级形式。
例如:
more useful----wonderful----beautiful;
more easily----slowly----foolishly
4)与more有关的一些短语:
(1)and what is more 更重要者;再者;更有甚者(=more important;serious)
① He told his classmates the matter, and what is more, he even told the teacher about it. 他把这件事告诉了他的同学,尤为严重的是,他还
将此事告诉了老师。
(2)more or less大致;差不多(=about;or so)。例如:
① It is five days'work more or less. 大概得做五天左右。
② It is an hour's ride more or less from here to the centre of the city.
从这儿开车去市中心大约需要一个小时。
(3)no more 再也不(=no longer)
①He broke away from our company last year,since then I have seen him no more. 他去年脱离了我们公司,此后,我再也没有见过他。
(4)no more than 仅仅(=only)
①His whole school education added up to no more than one year.
他的整个学校教育加起来仅仅一年。
(5)not more than 不多于;不超过(=at most;just not as…as)。例如:
①There are not more than twelve people in the meeting room.
会议室至多不超过十二个人。
(6)more and more 越来越多(=increasingly)。例如:
①Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.
我们国家正变的越来越美丽。
②It seems that I spend more and more money on books.
我好像在买书上花的钱越来越多。
(7)once more 再一次(=again)
①Would you please tell the story once more?
请再讲一遍这个故事好吗?
6.water['w&:t+]
1)n. the liquid in rivers, lakes, seas, etc. 水
①Fish can't live without water. 鱼儿没有水就不能生活。
② sea-water海水
③mineral water 矿泉水
【注意】当 water用作复数(waters)时,意为“水域或海域”(=the body of water)。例如:
The waters in Changjiang rivers broke some of the banks. 长江的洪水在有些地方冲破了大堤。
2)v. give water to sth. or produce water
“浇水,灌溉;加水;泪水流出;流口水”。例如:
① It's very dry, and we must water the vegetable garden. 天很干,我们应该浇菜园了。
② They were watering the streets. 他们正在街上洒水。
③Our ship watered at every port we visited.
我们的船每到一港口,就加水一次。
④ The smoke made my eyes water. 烟使我眼睛流泪。
⑤ The smell from the kitchen made my mouth water. 厨房的气味使我直流口水。
7.along[+'l&R]
1)prep. following the line of:沿着……
along常跟road,street,river,line等表示狭长的名词连用。例如:
①I saw her running along the street. 我看见他沿着大街奔跑。
② After supper we usually take a walk along the river.
晚饭后我们通常沿河散步。
2)adv. forward:向前
along常跟walk,move,run等表示位移的动词连用。例如:
①He shouted aloud as he ran along. 他一边往前跑,一边高声的呼喊。
②Come along, please. 请过来吧。
8.情态动词have to表示客观需要做的事情,意思是“必须”,“不得不”。后跟动词原形;而情态动词must表示说话人的主观的看法。例如:
①Oh, I have to wash all my clothes, clean the floor, and keep everything clean and tidy. 噢,我只得洗我所有的衣服,清理地板,而且使一切干净整洁。
②I must be off/leaving now. 现在我必须走啦。
③I must stop and get some sleep. 我必须停下来,睡上一会儿。
9.partner['pa:tn+]n. 搭档,合作伙伴;舞伴。例如:
①Yang Mei is the partner of Zhou Lan's oral practice.
杨梅是周兰口语练习的伙伴。
②We have been partners for many years since we knew each other.
我们从相识以来,是好多年的合作者了。
10.vacation[v+'keiM+n]为美国英语,用作名词,意为“休假,假期”(=a time of rest from work),在英国英语中用holiday。例如:
① They are on vacation in Auckland. 他们在奥克兰度假。
② I took a vacation at Qingdao last summer. 我去年夏天在青岛度假。
【注意】 请病假不用 vacation或 holiday,而使用 take a day off。例如:
③ Tang Lin took a day off yesterday because of illness.
唐林昨天因病请了一天假。
11.hope和wish的用法区别
1)hope用作动词时,后面可接不定式或 that从句,但不能接“宾语+不定式”。
①We hope to see you again. =We hope we can see you again.
我希望再次见到你。
② I hope you can help me with my maths. 希望你能帮助我学数学。
(不能说:I hope you to help me with my maths. )
2)wish后面接不定式或“宾语+不定式”都可以,其意义相当于“想要”,“希望”(=would like或 want)。wish接that从句时一般表示某种强烈而又难以实现的“愿望”,而hope表示的是可以实现或能达到的“希望”。
例如:
① I wish to place an order right now. 我想马上订购。
②I wish him to make progress. 我希望他取得进步。
③I wish I could fly like a bird. 但愿我能象鸟一样飞。
(从句中的could表示其动作不可能实现,不能用can。)
▲试比较:I hope he can do that. 我希望他会干那件事。
(这句中can不能用could。)
3)wish可表示良好的“祝愿”,后面接“宾语+宾补(形容词或名词)”,而hope不能这样用。
② I wish you happy. 祝你幸福。
② I wish you a pleasant journey. 祝你旅途愉快。
【注意】不能说 I hope you happy/a pleasant journey.
4)在简略句中,如要表示希望某事不会发生时,应说 I hope not,而不说Idon't hope so。表示希望某事会发生时,说 I hope so。
12.grow,plant,keep和raise的用法区别
1)grow和plant都可表示“种植”,如种植草、树、苗、花卉、粮食等植物。
plant着重指“种植”这一行为,grow着重指种植以后的栽培、管理过程。
某人plant之后树是死是活不一定管,但某人grow a tree 则包括培育管理,使其生长的过程。试比较:
① The students are planting trees on the hill.
学生们正在山坡上栽树。(不用)
② How many trees have you planted this year?
你们今年植了多少棵树?(不用grow)
③The farmer grows wheat in this field.
那位农民在这块田里种植的是小麦。(不用plant)
④People grow bananas in Hainan.
海南种植香蕉。(不用plant)
⑤He grows many kinds of flowers in his back garden.
他在他的后花园里种植了各种各样的花。
2)keep可表示“赡养”,后面可接表示人或动物的名词。不用来代替 plant 或grow。如:
① He has a wife and three children to keep.
他要养活妻子和三个孩子。
②My grandma keeps pigs and hens. 我奶奶养猪养鸡。
③ My uncle has a large family to keep.
我叔叔有一大家子人要养活。
3)raise除表示“词养”(动物)以外,还可用来表示“养育”(子女);“培育”(植物)。
①We raised a good crop of tomatoes this year.
今年我们种的西红柿长得很好。
②My grandmother raised a family of five.
我祖母养育了五口之家。
③ Where were you raised?你是在哪儿长大的?
④ He raised some flowers in the back garden.
他在后花园里种了一些花。
⑤ That was how the Chinese first raised silkworms.
中国人就是这样开始养蚕的。
【注意】raise强调从小精心培养到大,通常指培养花卉以及较难管理的植物。
⑥ Let's grow/raise some flowers in the garden. 咱们在花园里种些花吧。
⑦ We grow rice,wheat and cotton in my hometown.
在家乡,我们种植水稻、小麦和棉花。(不宜用raise)
13.drive —词的用法
1)=travel or go in a car意思是“驾车旅行”。如:
① I didn't drink,because I had to drive home after the party.
我没喝酒,因为晚会以后我得开车回家。
② He drove me to the station. 他开车送我到车站。
③I drove eight hours/400 kilometres yesterday.
昨天我驾车行驶了八个小时/400公里。
④The policeman drove my car to the police station.
警察把我的车开到派出所。
2)=make people or animal go 意思是“赶”、“驱”。如:
①The farmer is driving many sheep to market.
那位农民正把许多羊赶到市场去。
②The Chinese people drove their enemies from/out of their country.
中国人民把敌人从他们的国土上赶了出去。
3)=cause sb. to be in a state意思是“迫使”,“逼迫”。如:
①The loud noise of the people in the street almost drove me mad.
街上人们的喧闹声几乎使我发狂。
②He was driven by hunger to steal. =Hunger drove him to steal.
他因饥饿而被迫行窃。
4)drive用作名词主要表示“开车”或“乘车”。如:
①The town is about half an hour's/forty minutes'/a two-hour/a 9-mile drive from here. 那镇离这儿开车(或坐车)大约半小时/四十分钟/两小时/九英里的路途。
②Let's go out for a drive,shall we?我们出去开车兜兜风吧,好吗?
14.behind —词的用法
1)作为介词behind主要有下面三种用法。
(1)=at the back of意思是“在……后面”,指地点。如:
① A dog ran from behind the tree.
一条狗从树后面跑了出来。
②Walk close behind me. 紧跟在我后面走。
③There's a vegetable garden behind the house. 屋后有个菜园。
(2)=later than意思是“迟于”,指时间。如:
① The postman is behind his usual time today.
邮递员今天比往常来得迟。
②In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time.
我们国家的时间比北京时间迟十四小时。
(3)=not so advanced as…意思“不如……先进”,“落后于……”,如:
①That's a small country in Africa far behind its neighbours.
那是一个远远落后于邻国的非洲小国家。
②They are behind us in education and science.
他们在教育与科学方面落后于我们。
2)作为副词,behind 大致也能表示介同behind的意思。如:
①The others are a long way behind.
其他人落在后面很远。(=at the back)
②The teacher asked Tom to stay behind after school.
老师让Tom放学后留下来。(=stay after others have left)
③If you don't work hard,you'll fall behind.
如果你不努力,你会落后的(=fail to keep up).
15.prefer的用法
prefer是及物动词,后面应接宾语,意为“更喜欢”(like better)。其过去式、过去分词和现在分词要双写字母r,然后加ed或ing。下面就其用法作一归纳。
1)接名词、代词作宾语。如:
①----Which would you prefer,tea or coffee?
----I prefer tea.
——咖啡和茶,你更喜欢哪一种?
——我较喜欢茶。
②People in the south prefer rice while those in the north prefer food made from flour. 南方人爱吃米饭,而北方人较喜欢吃面食。
2)接不定式、动名词作宾语。在没有明确指出比较对象时,用不定式、动名词意义大致相同。如:
① I prefer to walk there. (I prefer walking there. )我宁愿步行去那儿。
② He chose Spain,but personally I'd prefer to go to Greece. 他选了西班牙,但就我个人而言,我倒想去希腊。
3)在词组 prefer……to…中,to是介词,其作用是引出两个比较对象,因此,动词prefer的宾语和介词to的宾语在形式上应一致,可以是名词、代词或动名词,不可用不定式。如:
①He said he preferred the country to the city.
他说城市和乡村相比,他更喜欢农村。
②She prefers dancing to singing. 跳舞和唱歌相比,她更喜欢跳舞。
4)prefer…rather than…的结构中,要用“prefer to do …rather than do…”意为“宁愿做……而不做……”。如:
① The soldier preferred to die rather than give in before the enemy. 这位战士宁愿死,也不在敌人面前屈服。
▲另外,prefer还可接that引导的宾语从句,相当于hope的用法;也可接复合宾语,即“prefer sb. to do…”“更希望某人干……”。如:
① I'd prefer you not to go there alone. 我倒希望你不要单独去那儿。
②We prefer that they(should)do it in a different way.
我倒希望他们用另一种方法去做。

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