Unit 3 Book 2 Language Points |
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重点词语用法 1.while[wail]的用法 1)while可以用作并列连词,表示对比意义,译为“而”,“却”。如: ①Instead, he asked his father why he was not able to hatch chickens, while hens could. 他反而问他父亲为什么他不能孵小鸡,而母鸡却能。 ②Jane was dressed in blue, while Mary dressed in red. 珍妮穿蓝色衣服,而玛丽却穿红色衣服。 2)while还可以用作从属连词,作“在……期间”,“当……时候”讲,使用时应注意它与用作从属连词的when的区别: ▲when引导的时间状语从句,既可表示“一段时间”,又可表示“一点时间”,因此从句的谓语动词既可以是延续性的,也可以是非延续性的。如: ③I hope to see you when I stay in Beijing on business. (一段时间)当我出差北京时,希望见到你。 ④When the clock struck twelve, all the lights went out. (一点时间)当钟敲响十二下时,灯全部熄灭了。 【注意】while引导的时间状语从句只能表示“一段时间”所以while从句的谓语动词应是延续性动词(或状态动词)。例如: ⑤While I stayed(or was) in Shanghai, I saw her three times. 我在上海期间见到她三次。 ▲如果从句的谓语动词是延续性的,可以用while也可以用when。如: ⑥While(When)we were having a meeting, a stranger came in. 我们在开会时,一个陌生人走了进来。 2.accept与receive的用法和区别 1)accept用作动词,意为“接受”,指经过考虑,由主观意志来决定接受,动作者本身是主动的。例如: ①He couldn't accept our suggestions but our gifts. 他们不能接受我们的建议但接受了我们的礼品。 ②She was very glad to accept the invitation. 她非常愉快地接受了邀请。 2)receive也是用作动词,意为“接到”,指收到某物这一动作,本身有一定的被动性,不包含本身是否愿意接受的意思。例如: ③ He did not receive a good education at university. 他没在大学受过良好教育。 ④I received an invitation to the party yesterday, but I refused to accept it. 昨天我接到一份参加晚会的邀请,但我拒不接受。 3.count 的用法 count[kaunt] vt.数,计算;看作,算作。例如: ①Can you count the number of the students in the class? 你能清点一下班里的人数吗? ②Count 30 then come and find me. 数到三十然后来找我。 ③Don't count chickens before they are hatched. [谚语] 鸡未孵出,不要点数。 ④After such a bad accident, you should count yourself lucky you are alive. 遭此严重的事故后,你还能活着,要算你幸运。 ⑤I count it a great honour to be working with you. 能和你一起工作,我感到不胜荣幸。 ⑥ He counted this experience as part of his education. 他把这段经历看作自己所受的一部分教育。 4.manner的单复数问题 1)manner用作单数,有“方法”,“态度”的意思 ①Do it in a businesslike manner. ②He spoke in such a manner as to offend them. 他用这种方式说话,以致于伤了他的感情。 ③I don't like his manner.我不喜欢他的态度。 2)manner用作复数,即manners表示“礼貌,规矩”,“风俗,习惯”的意思。 ①Aren't you forgetting your manners? 你是不是没礼貌了? ②He has no manners at all.他毫无礼貌。 ③He studies the manners of the ancients. 他研究古人的风俗习惯。 【注意】要说It is good/bad manners to do sth. ④It's bad manners to talk with a full mouth. 嘴里吃着东西说话是不礼貌的。 3)常用的几个复合形容词: well-mannered 有礼貌的 ill-mannered 无礼貌的 rough-mannered 粗鲁的 5.close的多种用法 1)close用作形容词,可表示“(空间、时间上的)接近”,也可表示“(关系的)亲近。” ①The church is close to our school. 教堂离学校很近。 ②The two buildings are close together. 两座建筑物距离很近。 ③The children are close to each other in age. 孩子们年龄相近。 ④Their birthdays are very close together. 他们生日很近。 ⑤He and his father are very close. 他和父亲很亲近。 【注意】a close contest, match, election 译为“势均力敌的竞赛、比赛、选举” 2)close可用作副词,表空间距离上的近 ①He stood close against the wall. 他紧靠着墙站着。 ②Tom found a man following close behind him. 汤姆发现一个人紧跟在他后面。 【注意】closely也是副词,但它表示抽象意义,译作“仔细地,密切地” ①The two events are closely connected. 这两件事有密切关系。 ②You should listen closely.你该仔细听。 3)close可用作动词,表示“关闭”,“不营业” ①If you close your eyes, you can't see anything. 若闭上眼睛,那你就什么也看不见了。 ②The shops close at 5∶30.商店5点半关门。 4)close还可用作名词。bring sth. to a close 是“结束某事物”的意思 ①At the close of the day, he went back. 在黄昏的时候,他回来了。 ②The ceremony was brought to a close by the singing of the national anthem. 典礼在国歌声中结束。 【注意】不同词性close读音不同,close, n. & v. [kl+uz];close, adj. &adv. [kl+us] 重要词组短语 1.not…but…的用法 not…but…为并列连词,连接两个并列成分,意为“不是……而是”。例如: ①He is not a student, but a teacher. 他不是学生,而是教师。(并列表语) ②They are not speaking English, but writing letters. 他们不是在讲英语,而是在写信。(并列谓语) ③Not the student but his parents want to ask for my advice on how to improve spoken English. 不是这个学生而是学生家长要求我给提些如何改善口语英语的建议。(并列主语) 【注意】当“not…but…”连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词必须与靠近的那个主语保持人称和数的一致。又如: 2.mean to do 和mean doing 的用法区别 mean to do是“打算,企图”的意思。mean doing是表示“意味着”的意思。 ①I had meant to leave on Sunday. 我本打算周日走。 ②I mean to stay here for a long time. 我打算在这儿呆很久。 ③Missing the train means waiting for an hour. 赶不上火车预示着要再等一个小时。 ④Revolution means liberating the productive forces. 革命意味着解放生产力。 【注意】mean通常不与否定的动词不定式搭配 ①I did not mean to hurt you. 我并不是故意得罪你。 (不说:I meant not to hurt you. ) ②I meant no harm to you. 我对你并无恶意。 (不说:I meant not to harm you.) 3.manage to do sth. 和try to do sth. 用法区别 ▲try to do sth. 意思是“尽力,设法去做某事”,结果如何,不得而知。而manage to do sib.,则表示“设法做成了某事” ①Jim had a lot of homework, but he managed to finish it before bedtime. 吉姆有很多家庭作业,但他终于在睡觉前完成了。 ②Jim had a lot of homework, but he said he would try to finish it before bedtime. 吉姆有很多家庭作业,他说他将设法在睡觉前完成。 ▲manage还表示“经营,管理”的意思 ①She managed the house very well. 她把家管得很好。 ②Who will manage the store when you are away? 你不在的时候谁来经营商店? ▲与can或could连用,意为“能办好某件难事”,口语中还可作“吃,渡过”解 虽然它很重,但是我能搬动。 ②I don't think we can manage a huge fish like that just between the two of us. 我看单是我们两个人吃不了这么大的一条鱼。 ③If you can get the material, we can manage the money. 如果你们搞到了原料,资金我们能想办法。 常用句型结构 1.make +宾语+宾语补足语 在这一结构中,宾语补足语可以是不带to的动词不定式、过去分词或形容词形式。 1)make +宾语+不带to的不定式。这一结构表示的意思是“使某人做某事”。例如: ①Taking some medicine made me feel much better. 服了这些药使我感到好多了。 ②They made the boy stand under a tree. 他们让那个男孩站在树下。 ③In the old society, the landlord made the farmers work day and night. 旧社会地主让农民不分白天黑夜地干活。 【注意】上述例句若变为被动语态,补语要用带to的动词不定式: ①I was made to feel much better by taking some medicine. ②The boy was made to stand under a tree. ③In the old society, the farmers were made to work day and night. 2)make +宾语+过去分词。这一结构表示的意思是“使某人/某事被……”。例如: ①The speaker raised his voice in order to make himself heard. 发言人提高了嗓音以便别人听到他说的话。 ②Can you make yourself heard at the beginning? 你一开始就能让别人听到你的话吗? ③We should not make our plan known to everybody. 我们不应该使每个人都知道我们的计划。 ④The teacher spoke very slowly so that he could make himself understood. 老师讲得很慢,以便能让学生理解他。 ⑤She didn't know French at all, so she couldn't make herself understood. 她根本不懂法语,所以她不能表明自己的意思。 3)make +宾语+形容词。这一结构表示的意思是“使某人/某事(变得)……”例如: ①The interesting story made him very happy. 这个有趣的故事使他很高兴。 ②They have made the house clean and tidy. 他们把房子收拾得干净而整洁。 ③ The smoke made the room dirty. 烟将房子弄脏了。 ④This light made the room very bright. 这盏灯使这间房子非常明亮。 ⑤What the students did in class made their teacher very angry. 学生在课堂上所做的事使老师很生气。 2.“with +复合宾语”结构既可用作定语,也可用作状语。 常见的“with +复合宾语”结构主要有以下五种形式: 1)with +宾语+动词-ing形式 ①With the boy leading the way, we had no trouble in getting to the station. 由这个男孩带路,我们不难到达了火车站。 ②With the wind blowing heavily, we took great trouble to move on to the front. 由于风刮得很大,我们费力地往前线进发。 2)with +宾语+过去分词(past participle) ①The child was crying with the glasses broken. 眼镜破了,那小孩哭了起来。 ②With all the work finished, they hurried back home for lunch. 所有的工作都做完了,他们匆忙回家吃午饭。 3)with +宾语+不定式 ①With a lot of work to do, we had to be busy working day and night. 有这么多的工作要做,我们只得日夜忙碌。 ②With many things to deal with, I have to stop listening to the light music. 有许多事要处理,我只好停止收听轻音乐。 4)with +宾语+介词短语 ①The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand. 老师手中拿着一本书走进教室。 ②She saw a small river with green grass and red flowers on both sides. 她看到一条小河,两岸长满了红花绿草。 5)with +宾语+形容词(或副词) ①Don't sleep with the door and windows open. 不要开着门窗睡觉。 ②Tian An Men Square looks even more beautiful with all lights on. 所有的灯都亮着,天安门广场显得更加漂亮。 【注意】“with +复合宾语”在句中既可以用作状语表示方式或伴随动作,又可以用作定语。例如: ①The teacher entered the classroom, with a book in his hand. 老师手里拿了一本书走进了教室。 ②With a boy leading the way, we had little trouble in finding the old man's house. 一个男孩带路,我们不难就找到了那位老人的家。 ③The teacher with a book in his hand is a new English teacher. 手里拿着一本书的那位老师是一位新来的英语老师。 ④The wounded soldier with an old man leading the way got to the hospital very soon. 由一位老人带路的那个伤员很快就到达了医院。 3.It is + adj. +(for sb.)to do sth. 此句型是一个很有用的句型,其中it充当形式主语,真正的主语是不定式短语“(for sb.) to do sth.”。例如: ①It is possible for you to work out the problem. 你们有可能解出这道题。 ②It is important(for us) to finish the work this week. (我们)在本周内完成这项工作很重要。 ③It's not easy to understand what she said. 她所说的话不容易理解。 4.动词-ing形式的句法结构 1)-ing形式用作主语,也可以用it作为形式主语,真正的主语(即动词-ing短语)放在后面。例如: ①Teaching English at middle school is my full-time job. 教英语是我的专职工作。 ②It is no use crying over spilt milk. 牛奶洒地,哭也无益。 ③In some Arabian countries, shaking one's head from side to side means agreement. 在一些阿拉伯国家,摇头表示同意。 ④Knowing some other languages is a great help to us. 懂得些其他的语言对我们来说是有很大帮助的。 2)-ing短语用作状语,表示方式或伴随动作。例如: ①They stood there, talking and laughing. 他们站在那儿,又说又笑。 ②It's not difficult to solve such problems, following the teacher's advice. 按照老师的建议来解决这类问题就不困难了。 ③They sat in the classroom, listening to the teacher's lecture. 他们坐在教室里,听老师讲课。 ④I waited at the entrance to the railway station, hoping to meet one of my friends. 我站在火车站入口,期望接到我的一个朋友。 3)-ing用作定语时的情况。单独作定语时,放在它所修饰的名词前面;和状语或宾语一起构成短语作定语时,总是放在它所修饰的名词后面,其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如: ①China is a developing country. (=…which is developing.) 中国是一个发展中的国家。 ②Who is the boy lying on the ground? (=…who is lying on the ground.) 躺在地上的那个男孩是谁? ③They are building a road leading to our village. (=…which leads to our village.) 他们正在修建一条通往我们村庄的公路。 ④The rising sun looks very beautiful. 初升的太阳看起来真美丽。 ⑤The sun setting in the west looks even more beautiful. 西沉的太阳看起来更美。 ⑥The people smoking are not welcome here. 抽烟的人在这儿是不受欢迎的。 ⑦I can't see clearly those standing at the back. 我看不清站到后面去的那些人。 ⑧Who is the one crying? 正在哭的那个人是谁? ⑨ The woman getting married is a famous singer. 结婚的那位妇女是一位著名歌手。 ⑩Do you know the comrade shaking hands with our English teacher? 你认识和我们老师握手的那位同志吗? That tourist looking at her map can play four musical instruments. 那位看地图的游客能够演奏四种乐器。 The boy singing now is a classmate of mine. 那位正在唱歌的男孩是我的一位同学。 4)动词-ing形式用作宾语补足语 在感官动词后面通常可以跟动词-ing形式作宾语补足语,常用的感官动词有:see, hear, notice, watch, listen to, observe 等。例如: ①I saw them walking along the river yesterday evening. 我昨天傍晚看见他们沿河散步。 ②You can notice them dancing to the light music on the square every morning. 每天早晨你都有可能看到他们在广场伴随着轻音乐跳舞。 ③ We watched the army marching down the street towards the park. 我们看到部队沿着大街朝公园行进。 ④I counted the people entering the hall, and there were 68 of them. 我点数着人们进入大厅,共有六十八位。 ⑤We heard them practising singing English songs in the nest room. 我们听见他们在隔壁房间里练习演唱英语歌曲。 |
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