名词性从句十五大考点及热点问题 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
中学英语教学资源网 → 英语论文 → 教学论文 手机版


名词性从句十五大考点及热点问题
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。因为它是从句，因此具有句子的特点，有主、谓成份；同时又具有名词性特点，所以可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。名词性从句是中学英语学习的重点，也是高考的主要考点之一。无论是从高考的角度，还是从英语学习本身来讲，名词性从句的以下知识，都是我们必须弄懂和掌握的重点和热点问题。
一、引导词what与that的用法区别。
引导主、宾、表语从句时，what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，that不作任何成
分，只在语法上起连接的作用。例如（NMET’96）：____ we can’t get seems better than ____ we have.
A. What; what B. what; that C. That; that D. That; what
解析：本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句，且两个从句都缺乏宾语，可见两个引导词都必须充当成分，所以答案是A。又如（上海高考‘98）：____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
解析：该题答案是A，what在主语从句中作主语，即作谓语动词caused的执行者。在下面的例句中，that不充当任何成份，只起语法连接作用（因为句子本身不缺成分）：
That the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved.
二、 引导词whether和if的用法区别。
通常，引导主语从句、表语从句和引导同位语从句时，要用连词whether，不用if；习惯
上也只能说whether or not，而不说if …or not。例如（MET92）：
____ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.
A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That
解析：试题中的从句位于句首，不难知道这是一个主语从句，所以答案是C。但是当宾语或主语从句为否定句时，只能用if引导，不能用whether引导。例如（上海高考题92）：
____ you don’t like him is none of my business.
A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether
答案C，that不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。由于该主语从句是否定句，所以不能用whether引导。
三、 名词性从句的语序。
与别的从句一样，名词性从句必须用自然语序，即使在疑问句中，从句也不倒装（而在
主句上倒装）。例如（MET91）:No one can be sure ____ in a million years.
A. what man will look like B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
解析：由于从句不能倒装，所以答案只能是A。又如（上海高考题94）：
You can’t imagine ____ when they received these nice Christmas presents.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
解析：答案是B。同时还须注意，从句的引导词必须始终置于句首，而且how和被修饰的词excited不能分裂开。
四、 形式主、宾语。
当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，常常将从句后置，而用it作为形式主语，置于句首。
形式宾语也只能用it。例如（MET95）
____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
解析：所需词至于句首，同时后面有that-从句（逻辑主语），可见这里应该用形式主语it,所以答案是D。think, find, consider, believe, feel等动词后常可以带it作形式宾语。例如：
Many people think it possible that a trade war between EU and the States will happen.
五、 Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别。
一般说来，what/who等含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什
么/无论谁”。例如（NMET97）：It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
解析：答案是B，whatever引导一个宾语从句，并且作wants的宾语。这里的whatever不能改成what，因为题意想表达的显然是“无论孩子要什么就给他/她什么事不明智的”，具有泛指的概念。同时要注意，这里whatever也不能改用no matter what，因为后者只能引导状语从句。又如（上海高考题99）：____ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever
解析：答案是D，whoever意为“无论谁”，表泛指。比较下例：
I can’t remember at the moment who has said the words. （这里的who表特定的某人）
六、 Where, when, why等连接副词引导的名词性从句。
Where, when, why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句，使用的关键是：这个词必须符合
句子的逻辑要求。例如（NMET’99）：
--I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.---Is that ____ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. that D. where
解析：答案是A，why引导的从句作表语，同时why在从句中作原因状语。这里之所以选why，而不是when或 where等，唯一的依据便是句子的逻辑含义，及语境。又如（MET94）；
—Do you remember ____ he came?—Yes, I do, he came by car.
A. How B. when C. that D. if
解析：答案是A，从答语 “he came by car”可知这里问的是“he”来的方式，所以用how引导。
七．“介词+who(m)引导的宾语从句”与“介词+ whom”引导的定语从句的区别。
介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾格，决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语。例如（上海‘98）：
It was a matter of ____ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
解析：答案是A。这是一个含宾语从句的复合句，作介词of宾语的，是后面的整个句子，而不是宾语从句的引导词，由于这里引导词在从句中作主语，所以要用主格who（作宾语时自然要用whom）。比较下例：Our country has thousands of excellent scientists, most of whom have received higher education at home.这是一个“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句；引导定语从句的是“most of+关系代词”而不只是这个关系代词，同时这个引导词又作介词of的宾语，所以要用宾格whom。（注意与介词后面的宾语从句的引导词的用法进行比较和区别。）
八、名词性从句中有插入成分时。
此时应注意两点：一是从句仍然不倒装，而在插入成分上倒装；二是要注意主语的主格
和宾格的选择。例如（上海高考题‘95）：
____ you have seen both fighters, ____ will win?
A. Since; do you think who B. As; who you think C. When; whoever D. Since; who do you think
解析：根据上面的讲解，不难知道答案是D。其中do you think是插入成分，其余部分是宾语从句，作think的宾语；由于引导词在从句中作主语，所以要用主格who（不用whom）。
九、引导词that的省略。
引导宾语从句时，that通常可以省略，但引导主语、表语和同位语从句时，that不能省。例如：
China’s success in manned-spacecraft travel shows ____ our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research.
A. what B. which C. 不填 D. it that
解析：该句中的从句作shows的宾语，是宾语从句，又因为从句中不缺主、宾语，所以只能用that引导；又因引导宾语从句时that可以省略，所以答案是C。
十、同位语从句引导词where, when的用法特点。
说明先行词内容的同位语从句的引导词where, when与被说明的名词在概念上不一致。但引导定语从句的引导词却必须保持一致。是比较：
Then arose the question ____ we were to get so much money.
This the house ____ the great man Mao Zedong was born 110 years ago.
A. where B. that C. about which D. in which
解析：答案分别是(1) A (2) A/D。先行词与where, when概念一致时，是定语从句，（2）中的house与where同表地点，且这个关系副词where或when可以用“介词+which”的形式代替，所以答案A 和D都可以引导。（1）题中的question与where不表同一概念，可见是同位语从句，所以where不能改用“介词+which”的形式。
十一、主从句动词时态基点的一致性
根据动词时态一致性原则，主句与从句的动词时态的基点应保持一致， 或都以现在为基点，或都以过去为基点。具体要注意以下三点：
1.在名词性从句中，若主句的动词用一般现在时，起从句的谓语须根据需要选用各种时态， 但原则上不用过去时态。例如：
Mary is very deligent.
Tom says that Mary is reading her English newspaper now.
Mary will give us a talk on English names.
Mary has been caught in the heavy rain and was sent to hospital yesterday.
2.在名词性从句中，若主句的动词用过去时，则从句的谓语动词也常用过去时态，如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等。例如：
Mother told me that she would show me around her company the next Saturday.
2.在名词性从句中，若从句的内容为客观事实、格言、谚语、常识等时，从句的谓语动词的时态不受主从句动词时态一致性原则的限制，即仍然使用一般现在时；若从句的内容为历史事实时，仍然使用一般过去时。例如：
(1).Our physics teacher once told us that light travels faster than sound.
(2).Our history teacher told us that George Washington was the first president of the USA.
十二、连接词的选择
1.主句谓语是promise/fact/reason/be sure, decide, think，promise, conclude等表示肯定意义时，从句一般情况经常是陈述句，宜用that 引导从句。例如:
I believe that our women’s volleyball team will get the golden medal in the coming Olympics in 2008.
2.主句是doubt, wonder, question，be not sure等表示否定或疑问的动词时，从句一般情况属于一般疑问句或特殊疑问句。
(1).若从句句子结构完整，连接代词表示“是否”的意思，那么从句就是一般疑问句，宜用whether来连接主从句。如果，从句后有“…or not”等选择意义，就常用whether来连接。例如：
I am not sure whether it will rain or not tomorrow.
(2).若从句的句子结构不完整，那么从句多为特殊疑问句，须用相应的连接代词或连接副词来引导主从句。例如：We don’t know who will become the new headmaster of our school next term..
析：该从句中缺少指人的主语，故用that引导从句。
(3).主句信息词为表示“否定”或“疑问”意义的动词，且该动词前已被否定时，那么，该主句之后的宾语从句常为陈述句，宜用that 引导主句和从句。例如：
1).There’s no doubt that the clever boy can pass the entrance tests.
2).We don’t wonder that China will enter WTO sooner or later.
十三、疑问词前置现象
当主句的结构为一般疑问句时，而且宾语从句的结构为特殊疑问句时，习惯性地把宾语从句的疑问词前插到主句的句首，这种现象就叫做“疑问词前置现象”。这种现象很容易引起同学们的错误判断，导致解题时的误解。例如：
(1).What do you know |has happened to Mike?(2).Who do you think| is the best student in your class?
十四、否定转移现象
当主句的主语为第一人称，且主句的及物动词为表示感知的think,believe,expect等时，常把对宾语从句的否定放在主句中，其反义疑问句的后部须与从句的主语和谓语时态保持一致，且后部的动词只能用肯定形式；若主句的主语是第二或第三人称，那么否定转移就不成立，其反义疑问句的后部须与主句的主语和谓语动词的时态形式保持一致。例如：
(1).I don’t think you can pass the driving test, can you?
(2).I think you can pass the driving test, can’t you?
(3).They don’t believe that it is true, do they?
十五、虚拟语气
在表示命令、坚持、要求、建议的及物动词或名词前后的名词性从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟结构。
I suggested that we should get up early the next morning.
I made a suggestion that we should get up early.
Her white face suggested that she was not well.
高考题选
1.It depends on________ we have enough time.
A. if B. if or not C. that D. whether
1.—Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game? —Oh，that’s ________.
A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited
2.(2002上海高考题)There’s a feeling in me________ we’ll never know what a UFO is—not ever.
A. that　　　 B. which　　　C. of which　 D. what
3.(2002上海高考题)Perseverance is a kind of quality—and that’s________ it takes to do anything well.
A. what B. that C. which D. why
4. Danby left word with my secretary _________ he would call again in the afternoon. (2005浙江15)
A．who B．that C．as D．which
5. _______ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.(2006浙江4)
A. As B. That C. This D. It
6.See the flags on the top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning. (全国Ⅰ23.)
A. when B. which C. where D. what
责任编辑：李芳芳

·语文课件下载
·语文视频下载
·语文试题下载

·语文备课中心



『点此察看与本文相关的其它文章』『搜索相关课件』


【上一篇】【下一篇】   【教师投稿】 
本站管理员：尹瑞文 微信：13958889955