Unit 5 Book 2 Language Points
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重点词语用法
1．practise ['pr$ktis] vt. 练习
后跟名词或动词-ing形式作宾语，不能跟不定式作宾语。例如：
①We practise entrances and exits.
我们训练入场和出场。
②He has been practising the same tune on the piano for half an hour.
他在钢琴上练同一个曲子练了半个小时了。
③You must practise speaking English more.
你必须多练习说英语。
④The teacher asked us to practise writing summaries.
老师要我们练习写摘要(总结)。
⑤We have been practising typewriting on the computer.
我们一直在练习用电脑打字。
2．theatre ['Ii+t+] n. 剧院 theater (美国英语)
theatre 还可作“戏剧”或“戏剧艺术”解，是不可数名词，通常前面与定冠词the连用。同样，the cinema意为“电影艺术”或“电影工业”。例如：
①He showed great interest in the theatre.
他对戏剧显示出了浓厚的兴趣。
②Have you heard the lecture that the director gave yesterday afternoon about the theatre?
你听了昨天下午那位导演给作过的有关戏剧艺术的报告了吗？
③At first he was interested in the cinemA.
起初他对电影感兴趣。
④Both the theatre and the cinema are important forms of art.
戏剧和电影都是重要的艺术形式。
3．need 的用法
need既可作实义动词，也可用作情态动词，意为“需要”。例如：
1)用作实义动词时，其后通常跟名词，带to的不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语。例如：
①I need your help.
我需要得到你的帮助。
②Here are some exercises that need to be done after class.
这里有些练习需要课下做。
③Your hair needs cutting (=to be cut).
你的头发需要理一理了。
2)用作情态动词，通常用在否定句或疑问句中。例如：
④“Need you go now?”“Yes, I must.”
“你需要现在去吗？”“是的，我得去了。”
⑤You needn't come to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.
如果你有重要的事情要做的话，今天下午就不必来参加会议了。
4．与die和live有关的词类转换形式。例如：
①They lived (vt.) a miserable life (n.) in the old society.
旧社会他们过着悲惨的生活。
②He remained alive (adj.) after the accident.
事故之后他仍然活着。
③Waste gas and water will do great harm to living (adj.) things.
废气废水将对生物有极大的害处。
④The fat man lay down on the ground and pretended to be dead (adj.).
那个胖子躺在地上装死。
⑤Joe Hill's death (n.) was weightier than Mountain Tai.
乔·希尔的死比泰山还重。
⑥Crusoe saw a dying (v-ing形式)goat lying on the ground.
克鲁索看到一只奄奄一息的山羊躺在地上。
5．consider的用法
consider是一个较为重要的动词，请看它的基本用法。
1)考虑(多作vt.)
1)跟名词或代词：
①We must consider it (the matter) very carefully.
我们必须仔细地考虑它(这件事情)。
②The problem is being considered.
这问题正在考虑。
(2)跟从句：
③He considered how he should do it.
他考虑如何去做。
(3)跟由连接代[副]词引导的不定式：
④Have you considered how to get there?
你是否考虑过如何去那里。
(4)跟动词-ing行式：
⑤We must consider giving it a try.
你们应当考虑试一试。(不跟不定式)
(5)跟介词over或单独用：
⑥He said they had considered over it.
他说他们已经考虑过了。
2)认为(vt.)
1)跟从句：
①We consider that you are not to blame.
我们认为不怨你。
(2)跟带名词的复合结构：
②We consider Beijing the heart of our country.
我们把北京看作我国的心脏。
③I consider it a great honour to be here with you today.
今天能在这里跟你在一起是非常的荣幸。
(3)跟带形容词的复合结构：
④We consider him honest.
我们觉得他诚实。
⑤It was not considered lawful to act that way.
大家认为这样做不合法。
(4)跟带不定式的复合结构：
⑥We consider only such slogans to be correct.
我们认为只有这样的口号是正确的。
⑦Columbus is generally considered to have discovered America.
通常认为哥伦布发现了美洲。
(5)跟带介词短语的复合结构：
⑧They always consider themselves in the right.
他们总认为自己对。
⑨It is considered of great value in traditional Chinese medicine.
中医认为它是很贵的药材。
6．join与join in的用法区别
join加入(党派，社会，团体等)。说“加入(某种活动)用join或join in 都可以。当说加入某种活动，而那种活动用动词-ing 形式表达，用join in，不可用join。例如：
①He joined the Communist Party last year.
他去年参加了共产党。
②Will you join (in) the game?
你参加游戏吗？
③We shall be glad to join (in) the discussion.
我们将乐于参加讨论。
④I joined in jumping.
我参加了跳高运动。
【注意】join (参加)是短暂性的动作，所以不能说：
He has joined the club for five weeks. 应该说成：
7．one与ones的用法
one/ones是替代词，常用来代替或避免重复上文的某个名词。如果这个名词是单数，替代词则用one；如果这个名词是复数，则用ones。例如：
①Can I have an apple, a nice red one?
给我个苹果，一个又好又红的苹果行吗？
②I don't want these green apples; I want the red ones.
我不想要这些青苹果，我想要红的。
③Mary needs a new dictionary. She is going to buy one.
玛丽需要新词典，她打算去买一本。
④The new designs are much better than the old ones.
这些新的设计比旧的好多了。
⑤These books are rather difficult for me. Please get me some easier ones.
这些书对我来说太难了。请你给我几本比较容易的。
【注意】one/ones 所替代的名词必须是可数名词，如上述句中的apple, dictionary, design, book等。 one/ones不能替代不可数名词，如 water, wine, silk, happiness等。例如下列句子是错的：
①If you haven't got fresh milk, I'll take some tinned one.
如果你没有新鲜牛奶，我就来点罐头牛奶吧。
②Don't get man-made silk----we must have real one.
别买人造丝一我们必须用真丝。
上述例句中的milk和silk都是不可数名词，不能用one来代替，需要重复那个名词，或者省略那个名词。上述例句可以改正为：
③If you haven't got fresh milk. I'll take some tinned (milk).
④Don't get man-made----we must have real silk.
⑤Dance music is the music she likes most.
舞曲是她最喜欢的音乐(the music 不能用 the one代替)。
⑥I prefer green tea to black(tea).
我喜欢喝绿茶，不喜欢喝红茶。(black tea中的tea可以省略也可以不省，但不能用 black one。)
8．recognize的用法
recognize ['rek+gnaiz]vt. 认出；看出。例如：
①When she saw me, she recognized me at once.
她看到我时立即认出了我。
②She had changed so much that I could hardly recognize her.
她变得我简直认不出了。
③I recognized her as my comrade's daughter.
我认出她是我同志的女儿。
④They recognized (that) it was Xiao Zhang's voice.
他们听出这是小张的声音。
9．own的用法
own是不定代词，意为“自己的东西”，可以作介词的宾语；另外它还可以作表语；用作形容词时还可以作定语。例如：
①This bike is my own.
这辆自行车是我自己的。
②Your computer is quite different from my own.
你的电脑与我自己的很不一样。
③I'd like to see it with my own eyes.
我想亲眼看看这个东西。
10．介词by的用法
by“用……；通过……”。表示利用某种方式或手段，相当于by means of(借助……手段)。后面常跟名词或动词-ing形式。例如：
①All the work had to be done by hand.
所有的工作都不得不手工完成。
②You must learn spoken English by speaking.
你必须通过说英语来学会口语。
③By helping them we are helping to save ourselves.
我们通过帮助他们来救自己。
11．seem的用法
seem为连系动词，意为：“看来，似乎，是(什么)样子”，其后可跟的表语有形容词，名词，介词短语， that从句或 as if从句等。例如：
①He seems (to be) quite happy.
他似乎很高兴。
②His first memories seemed connected with work.
他最初的记忆似乎与工作有关。
③She seems an unusual clever girl.
她看起来是一个不同寻常的聪明姑娘。
④It seems like years since I last saw you.
自从我上次跟你见面后，好象有几年没见你了。
⑤It seems that he was late for the train.
看来他赶不上火车了。
⑥It seems as if they had never seen each other before.
仿佛他们以前从来没见过面。
12．intend的用法
1)intend 表示“打算，有……意图”，是及物动词，常接不定式作宾语也可接动名词作宾语，但不太常见。
①I intend to clean out the spare room sooner or later.
我打算迟早要清理一下这个备用房间。
②I can't do it, and don't intend to.
我不能做这件事，也不想做。
③I intend coming back soon.
我打算快点回来。
2)intend还可接不定式复合结构，即 intend sb. to do sth.，有时也可接宾语从句，从句中的谓语多用 should do形式
①We intended him to set out at once.
我们打算要他立即出发。
②Did he intend us to share the cost of the dinner?
他是否有意要我们分担餐费。
③They intend that this reform should be carried through this year.
他们计划此项改革于今年实行。
【注意】不定式的复合结构，常被用在被动结构中
①The experiment is intended to test the theory.
这项实验是打算用来检验这条理论的。
②Everything they do and say is intended to improve their living conditions.
他们所说所做的一切都是旨在改善生活条件。
▲intend有时也可与名词、代词连用
③He thought it best to explain that he intended nothing of the sort.
他认为最好解释一下，他根本不打算做那种事。
13．rush 的用法
1)rush用作动词，表示“(使某人/物)急速去或来。”
①Don't rush. Take your time.
别急急忙忙的，慢慢来。
②The children rushed out of school.
孩子们飞快地跑出学校。
③People rushed to buy the shares.
人们争相购买股票。
④Ambulances rushed the injured to hospital.
救护车把受伤的人火速送到医院。
2)rush还可表示“(使某人)仓促行事”的意思
①Don't rush me. This needs thinking about.
别催我，这事得考虑考虑。
②I was rushed into buying these fur boots.
我被催促匆匆买下了这双毛靴子。
▲rush sb. for sth. 表示“向(顾客)索高价，敲竹杠”
How much did the garage rush you for those repairs?
汽车服务站敲了你多少修理费？
▲rush sth. out表示“匆促生产某物，赶制某物”
Editors rushed out a piece about the crush for the late news.
编辑迅速将失事消息编入晚间新闻。
▲rush-hour指“(上下班)交通拥挤时间，高峰时刻”
I got caught in the rush-hour traffic.
我遇上了高峰时刻，寸步难行。
▲rush sb. off one's feet 表示“把某人累坏了，使某人疲于奔命”！
Before Christmas the shop assistants are rushed off their feet.
圣诞节前店员们忙得不可开交。
14．choose, select 和pick的用法辨异
1)choose指一般的选择，有时特指“抉择”，侧重意志，判断，后接不定式时，表示“要，决意”
①There are ten to choose from and I don't know which to choose.
这里有十种可供挑选，我不知道要挑选哪一种。
②He choose to stay where he was.
他决定待在原地不动。
2)select侧重在广泛的范围中进行“精选”、“淘汰”的味更重，更强调客观优劣。
①Before the meeting began, a great deal of time was spent selecting the chairman.
会前，花了很长时间来选会议主席。
②He selected a pair of socks to match his suit.
他挑了双袜子来配西装。
3)pick有随便挑选的意味，往往不着重判断和抉择
①A housewife in a supermarket, looking at those tins of tomatoes of the same size and quality, will often pick the one nearest to her.
家庭主妇上超市购物，看到那些质量、大小都相同的蕃茄罐头，随手拿起的常常是摆在身边的那一罐。
重要词组短语
1．put sth. on的含义
1)put on这一词组有多种含义，在句中要注意根据上下文判断。主要有“穿上(衣服等)”。
①put on one's coat/gloves/hat/skirt/trousers, etc 穿上外套，戴上手套，帽子，穿上裙子，裤子等
②What dress shall I put on for the party?
我穿什么衣服去参加聚会呢？
2)使(视听设备)开始播放
①Do you mind if I put some music on?
我放放音乐你不介意吧？
②put on a record/tape放唱片/磁带
2．bring up的用法
1)bring sb. up表示“培养，养育或教育某人”，多用于被动语态。
①My aunt brought up four children.
我姑姑养育了四个孩子。
②Her parents died when she was a baby and was brought up by her aunt.
她出生后不久父母双亡，是由姑姑抚养大的。
③He is a well-brought-up boy.
他是个有教养的孩子。
④He is a badly-brought-up boy.
他是个教养不良的孩子。
⑤He was brought up to respect authority.
他从小就受到尊敬师长的教育。
2)bring sb. up还可表示“使某人突然停止说话或移动”
①John was about to enter the room when he was brought up short by a note on the door.
约翰正要进屋，突然发现门上的一个字条。
②Her remark brought me up sharp with a jerk.
她的话我听后一下子愣住了。
3)bring sth./ sb. up表示“把(士兵、枪炮等)运往前线”
We need to bring up more tanks.
我们需要多调些坦克到前线。
4)bring sth. up表示“呕吐某物”
He didn't feel well. He brought up his lunch.
他不舒服，把中午饭全吐了出来。
5)bring sth. up 还可表示“提出某事”
①These are matters that you can bring up in committee.
这些事你可以在委员会上提出。
②There's no need to bring up his past when we are considering him for employment.
我们在考虑雇佣他时，没有必要提他的过去。
3．add to sth., add sth. to sth. 和add up to 的用法
1)add to sth. 是“增加某物”的意思
①The bad weather added to our difficulties.
坏天气增加了我们的困难。
②The house has been added to from time to time.
这所房子不时地进行扩建。
2)add sth. to sth. 是“把某物加入某物”的意思
①If the tea is too strong，add some more water to it.
若茶太酽，再加些水。
②Many words have been added to this edition of the dictionary.
本词典的这一版里新增加了很多词。
3)add up to是“总计，共计”的意思
①These numbers add up to 100.
这些数目合计为100。
②The expenses add up to 100 dollars.
支出合计100美元。
4．a number of和 the number of 的用法区别
1)a number of 是“许多”的意思，修饰可数名词复数或代词，谓语动词用复数。
①A number of students in our school enjoy listening to music.
我校许多学生喜欢听音乐。
②A large number of books have been stolen from the library.
图书馆里遗失了很多书。
2)the number of 是“的数目”的意思，修饰可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数
①The number of pages in this book is two hundred.
这本书的页数是二百。
②The number of books stolen from the library is large.
图书馆遗失的书很多。
5．search sb./sth; search sb./ sth. for sth.; search for sb./ sth.和 in search of 用法辨异
1)search sb./sth. 表示“搜查某处”“搜身”
①He searched every room in the house.
他搜查了屋子里的每一间房间。
②The police searched the prisoner to see if he had a gun.
警察对该囚犯搜身，看他身上是否有枪。
2) search sb./ sth. for sb./sth.表示“为了某人/某物搜查某人或某地。”
①She searched shop after shop for Jim's present.
她为了给吉姆买礼物，找遍了所有商店。
②The police searched her for drugs.
警察搜查她，看她身上是否有毒品。
3)search for sb./ sth.表示“搜寻某人或某物”
①The police are searching for the missing child.
警察在搜寻那个失踪的孩子。
②We all searched for the house.
我们都在找寻那所房子。
4)in search of是个固定词组，表示“寻找某人、某物”
①I looked everywhere in search of my glasses.
我到处寻找我的眼镜。
②Scientists are in search of a cure for the disease.
科学家想研究出治疗这种疾病的方法。
【注意】在in search of这个词组中，当给search加上一些定语成分常改为for
They encouraged each other in their long search for the mysterious things.
在长期探寻那种神秘物体的过程中，他们互相鼓励。
6．at all的用法
1)at all作“完全”，“根本”，“丝毫”解，常用在否定句中，以加强语气。
①I'm not enjoying it at all.
我一点也不喜欢它！
②They are not kind to me at all.
他们对我一点也不好。
③That won't help things at all.
那丝毫无济于事。
④I don't know the results of the examination at all.
我完全不知道考试的结果。
2)at all也可以用于疑问句中，作“究竟”，“果然”解，以加强语气。例如：
①Did you go there at all?
你究竟去那儿没有？
②Do you think he will do it at all?
你认为他果真会做这件事吗？
3)at all还可以用于条件状语从句，作“既然”，“果真(要)”解。例如：
Do it well if you do it at all.
你既然要做这件事，那么就要把它做好。
常用句型结构
1．make的主要句型结构
1)在主动语态中，跟不带to的不定式构成复合结构；而用于被动语态，要用带to的不定式。例如：
①Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister.
虽然他经常弄得他小妹妹哭，可是，今天他被他小妹妹弄哭了。
2)跟带形容词的复合结构。例如：
①He came back, which made us very happy.
他回来了，这使我们非常高兴。
②In some factories, little is done to make the smoke clean.
在一些工厂，几乎没有采取什么措施来净化烟尘。
③Practice makes perfect. [谚]熟能生巧。
④His new job made it necessary for him to improve his spoken English.
他的新工作要求他需要提高英语口语水平。
▲注意下面这种it作形式宾语的结构(it代表后面的不定式或从句)：
⑤We've already made it clear that we will never give in to any pressure.
我们已经表明我们决不会屈服于任何压力。
3)跟带名词(词组)的复合结构：
①The Red Army made Jinggangshan the base for the revolution.
红军把井冈山作为革命根据地。
②We made him our monitor/monitor of our class.
我们推选他当我们的班长(我们班的班长)。
4)跟带过去分词的复合结构：
①Because of my poor English, I'm afraid I can't make myself understood.
由于我的英语很差，我怕人家听不懂我的话。
②What made Mr Smith so frightened was that his son was connected with the robbery.
使史密斯先生如此惊恐的是他的儿子与这起抢劫案有牵连。
2．so…that…结构
so为副词，that为连词，连接一个结果状语从句。意为“如此……以至于”，它的句型结构是：
1)so+adj. (adv.)+that从句
2) so+adj.+ a(n)+单数可数名词
3)so+adj. (少数表示量的形容词)+可数名词复数(或不可数名词)。例如：
①But the family was so poor that the boy could not get many books.
但是家庭那么穷，这个男孩得不到很多书。
②He worked so hard that he was praised by his teacher.
他学习是这么努力，结果他受到了教师的表扬。
③This is so good a book that we all like it.
(=This is such a good book that we all like it.)这本书如此好，我们都喜欢读。
④There is so much water in the cup that I can't drink it out.
杯子里有这么多的水，以至于我喝不完。
3．as if引导的从句
1)as if引出的方式状语从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时，通常用直陈语气。常与look, seem, taste, smell, sound等词连用。
①It looks as if it is going to rain.
看起来天好像要下雨。
②It seems as if the boy has lost his way.
好象那个男孩迷路了。
③He is a happy-go-lucky man as if he has no worries and cares in the world.
他是个无忧无虑的人，好像世上没有任何让他烦恼和发愁的事。
2)as if引出的方式状语从句所表示的情况不是事实，而是主观的想象或夸大性的比喻时，通常用虚拟语气。现在的状况用过去式(be动词用were)；过去的状况用过去完成时。
①The young man with long hair looks as if he were a girl.
那个满头长发的男青年看上去像个女的。
②He walks as if he were drunk.
他走路的样子好像是喝醉了。
③The injured man acted as if nothing had happened to him.
那个受伤的男子表现得好像没发生什么事。
④Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind as if they had just happened.
童年的往事一齐涌上心头，好像是刚刚发生。
3)as if引导的同一从句中所用时态不同，意思也不同。
①The boss speaks aloud as if he is angry.
老板说话声音很高，好像真的生气了。
The boss speaks aloud as if he were angry.
老板说话声音很高，仿佛生气了(其实没有生气)。
②He looks as if he is ill.
他好像病了。(真的病了)
He looks as if he were ill.
他好像生病似的。
4)as if作从属连词引导的方式状语从句部分，常用省略形式。
①as if后接名词
He acts as if a fool.
他表现得像个傻子。
②as if后接形容词
The old woman set upon the thief as if mad.
那个老妇人发疯似地扑向小偷。
③as if后接副词
She talked to the stranger while walking, as if absent-mindedly.
她边走边应酬着那位陌生人，好像是心不在焉。
④as if后接介词短语
He opened the archive, as if in search of some militant information.
他打开档案室，好像要搜寻什么重要军事情报。
⑤as if后接现在分词
The boy is running impatiently here and there as if searching for something lost on the sports ground.
这个男孩急躁地跑来跑去，好像在找丢在操场上的什么东西。
⑥as if后接过去分词
The football player is rolling on the ground as if hurt badly in the leg.
那个足球运动员在地上滚来滚去，好像是腿部受了重伤。
⑦as if后接不定式
He moved his lips as if to speak.
他蠕动双唇，好像是要说话。
【注意】as though和as if同义，用法也相同。
4．句型sb. be caught in…的用法
表示人遇雨、雷雨、大风、交通堵塞等，可用句型 sb.+ be+ caught+ in 的结构
①One night we were caught in the rain/storm/hurricane/thunderstorm/downpour.
一天晚上我们赶上了一场雨(暴风雨，飓风，雷阵雨，暴雨)。
②He was late because he was caught in the traffic jam.
他迟到了，因为遇上了交通阻塞。

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