06届高考英语时态考点易混点解读
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06届高考英语时态考点易混点解读 秦建华 动词时态考点解读 一、对一般现在时的考查 1.考查其基本概念:一般现在时表示一个习惯性、经常性的动作。常与表示习惯的副词 always, every time,now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 等连用。但近几年,对一般现在时的考查常用过去时态或现在完成时态对考生进行干扰。 Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which _____ the Pacific, and we met no storm.(2005年辽宁卷) A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called 解析:虽然航海发生在过去,但是海洋的名称不会因此而变化,所以要用一般现在时 2.考查一般现在时的替代用法:在以when, till/ until, as soon as, by the time, after, before 等引导的时间状语从句,在以if,unless, once等引导的条件状语从句和以no matter, however, even if 等词引导的让步状语从句中,如果主句中的动词用一般将来时,从句中的动词通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 — What would you do if it _____ tomorrow? — We have to carry it on ,since we’ve got everything ready. (2005年全国卷) A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining 解析:if引导条件状语从句,在条件状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来 二、对一般过去时的考查 一般过去时表示在过去某时某刻发生的动作或存在的状态,它常与表过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time等。但是一般过去时也经常用在没有说明过去的时间状语的句子中,这是高考的命题方向。 More than a dozen students in that school ____ abroad to study medicine last year. (2005年上海卷) A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent 解析:last year表示过去,再者主语是复数形式 三、对现在进行时的考查 由上下文语境表示时间。 — What’s the terrible noise? — The neighbours ____ for a party. (2004年北京卷) A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare 解析:上下文语境告诉我们是讲现在正在发生的事。 四、对过去进行时的考查 1.把过去进行时放在when, while, as 等引导的时间状语从句中考查。如果主句谓语和从句谓语都发生在过去,动作时间长的用过去进行时,表达谈话背景;动作时间短的用一般过去时,表达新的信息。 —You were out when I dropped in at your house. —Oh, I ____ for a friend from England at the airport. (2004年福建卷) A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited 解析:该题是根据交际情景考查动词时态的用法。该题是强调在过去某一时间(你来我家时)正在进行的动作(在机场等人),用过去进行时。句意:“我顺路去你家时,你不在家。”“啊,(那个时候)我在机场等从英国来的朋友。” —Has Sam finished his homework today? —I have no idea. He ____ it this morning. (2004年全国卷) A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done 解析:该题根据交际情景考查动词时态的用法。第一句问今天做完作业没有,问结果;他今天早晨(过去某段时间内)还在做(正在进行的动作)应当用过去进行时态。句意:“萨姆今天做完作业了吗?”“我不知道。他今天早晨还在做呢。” 3.考查过去进行时与一般过去时的比较。 Shirely____a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it.(98) A.has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing 解析:根据I don’t know whether she has finished it可判断去年她不可能写完这本书,因而去年应该一直在写。该题测试过去时间状语与过去进行时态在英语句式中的特殊用法。题中过去时间状语last year导致了考生的定势思维,不少考生因此而误选了选项B(一般过去时)。分析上下文语境可知,选项部分的谓语动词的动作并非在过去某一时间已经完成,而是指在过去某一时间正在进行,故应选过去进行时。注意:在这一句式结构中,只有延续性动词才可与过去时间状语用于过去进行时,强调在过去某一时间正在进行的动作。 五、对现在完成时的考查 1.现在完成时不仅表示动作在说话之前已经完成,而且强调动作对现在的影响或表示经验。 ①He was hoping to go abroad but his parents ____ that they won’t support him unless he canborrow money from the bank.(2005年湖北卷) A. were deciding B. have decided C. decided D. will decide 解析:have decided现在完成时表示父母已经决定了。 ②Millions of pounds’ worth of damage ___by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. (2005年重庆卷) A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused 解析:“storm”后的定语从句有明确的时间状语“last night”,故主语时态应确定为完成时,但D项为将来完成时,显然与语境不符。B项为过去完成时,但本句强调昨晚发生的风暴对现在的影响。 2.现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续至今并可能继续下去,常与for或since 等短语 连用。 —The window is dirty. — I know. It ________ for weeks. (2004年全国卷) A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned 解析:该题是根据交际情景中考查动词时态与语态。关键词for weeks,考虑现在完成时,表示到目前为止的结果,好几周不擦了;窗户与擦的关系是被动关系,故被动语态。句意;“窗户很脏了。”“我知道。好几周没有擦了。” 注:由终止性动词leave, arrive, come, go, return, begin, start, put, stop, start, put, stop, die, fall, buy,borrow, see等构成的完成时不能与for或since引导的时间状语连用。但这些终止性动词的否定式可以与for或since短语连用。如:I haven’t met him for two years. 3.考查现在完成时与一般过去式的区别:一般过去时着重说明动作发生的时间、地点、 方式等,与现在不发生联系,且句中一般有表示过去的时间状语;而现在完成时只说明现在的情况,对现在有影响。 —Where _________ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere.(98NMET) — I ____ it right here. But now it’s gone. A. did you put; have put B. have you put; put C. had you put; was putting D. were you putting; put 解析:第一个空“放”这个动作强调对现在的影响,“我找不到”第二个空“放”指过去的一个动作 六、对现在完成进行时的考查 现在完成进行时是由“have / has been+现在分词”构成,表示从过去某一时刻发生的动作,一直延续到现在,并且还可能继续下去。它与现在完成时的区别如下: 1.现在完成时强调的是完成的动作,而现在完成进行时是持续了一段时间的动作,这个动作刚停止或 仍在继续。 I have written an article.(已完成) I have been writing an article. (还在写) 2.有些延续性动词,如live, teach, work, study, learn, stay等因现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。 I have lived here for ten years. = I have been living here for ten years.另外注意的是: 表短暂动作的动词(finish,marry, get up, come, go等)一般不能用现在完成进行时。 Now that she is out of a job, Lucy ____going back to school, but she hasn’t decided A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider 解析:该题是在交际情境中考查动词时态的用法。根据句意应选完成进行时,表 示过去的动作(考虑返校学习)持续到现在(还没有决定)今后还有可能进行的 动作。句意:既然露西失业了,她一直在考虑返校读书,但她还没有定下来。 七、对过去完成时态的考查 过去完成时,经常以“过去”为背景,要想表达比这一背景更早的动作,常用此时态。 — George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding? —No, I ___. Did they have a big wedding? (2004年湖北卷) A. was not invited B. have not been invited C. hadn’t been invited D. didn’t invite 解析:没有被邀请发生在George and Lucy举行婚礼之前,即过去的过去。 常见考点有: ①把过去完成时放在含有when, before, after, until, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句的复合句中考查。 When the old man ___ to walk back to his house, the sun ___ itself behind the mountain.(2005年湖北卷) A. started; had already hidden B. had started; had already hidden C. had started; was hiding D. was starting; hid 解析:考查动词时态。主句的动作在前,从句的动作在后,从句中谓语动词 started to walkback表示过去时间点,因此主句的动作应用过去完成时。 ②把过去完成时放在by + 时间点或by the time + 从句的句子里考查。 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium ___ in Beijing. (2003年上海春) A. would be completed B. was being completed C.has been completed D.had been completed 解析:by the end of last year常与过去完成时连用,表示到过去某个时候前已经完成的动作。 动词时态易混点解读 一般过去时和现在完成时的比较 1)用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作,现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果,而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态,和现在关系不大。例如:She has cleaned the room.It’s very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改为cleaned.一是因为cleaned与现状有关,二是因为一般过去时不可突然跳到It’s...这样的一般现在时。) 2)汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达,如:I have seen that film.(我看过那部电影了。)但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”,就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。例如:When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么时候看了那部电影?我昨天看的。)不能说:When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday. 1. We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _______ to her? A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened 解析:说话者强调Jane 目前的状况. 2. Hello, I ____ you were in London. How long _________ here? A. don’t know; were you B. hadn’t known; are you C. haven’t known; are D. didn’t know; have you been 解析: didn’t know 强调见面前原不知道. 3. I’m glad to tell you that we _____ the work in less time than we _____ expected to. A. finished; were B. have finished; are C. have finished; were D. had finished; were 解析:全句含义为 “我们现在已经比预期的(强调过去)提前完成任务( 强调现在). 4. It _____ that pleasant music keeps people from becoming tired at their work. A. finds B. has found C. was found D. has been found . 解析:为被动语态的现在完成时, 强调that 从句的内容现在已被发现,为人所知. 5. When I was at college I _______ three foreign language but I ________ all except a few words of each. A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten C. had spoken; had forgotten C. had spoken; have forgotten 解析:注意when I was at college 是指过去的某一时间,动词应用一般过去时; I have forgotten 是指现在的情况. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较 1. --- Hi, Tracy, you look tired. “ --- I am tired. I _______ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted 解析:强调动作从过去到现在的延续,而非动作的结果 2. --- Have you had any letters from him? --- No, I haven’t, but my wife _______ him regularly . A. has heard from B. has been hearing from C. had heard from D. hears 解析:不强调结果,A错;不是指目前一般的情况,D错;是指从过去延续到现在的情况. 现在进行时和过去进行时的比较 1.I don’t really work here. I ____ until the new secretary _______. A. just help out; comes B. have just helped out; will come C. am just helping out; comes D. will just help out; has come 解析:指目前一段时间正在发生的动作, until 引导的是时间状语从句,动词需用一般现 在时.) 2.--- When shall we leave? --- As soon as I ______ what I _______. A. will finish; do B. have finished, am doing C. finish, will do D. finish, do 解析:as soon as 从句前省略了主句, 时间状语从句中动词强调将来的结果用现在完成时; what I am dong 指目前正在做的事. 3. At that time he _____ in the library. A. worked B. had worked C. was working D. would work 解析: was working 指 at that time 正在发生的行为. 4. The students ____ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she____in the office. A. were working; had left B. worked; left C. had worked; left D. were working; would leave 解析:句中went 是说话人给定的时间, work 和leave发生的时间都要看它们与went 的时间关系, work 与went动作同时发生, 强调正在做,用过去进行时; leave 在went之前发生, 应用过去完成时.) 5. --- Hey, look where you are going! --- Oh, I’m terribly sorry. _______. A. I’m not noticing. B. I wasn’t noticing. C. I haven’t noticed. D. I don’t notice. 解析: 对话的后者显然是在解释刚才不小心冒犯对方时正在做的事情. 一般过去时和过去进行时的比较 1.He ______ a book about China last year, but I don’t know if he ______ it. A.wrote; has finished B. was writing; has finished C. was writing; had finished D. wrote; will finish 解析:正确选项为B. 从I don’t know if he has finished it.推断,他去年一直在写。 2.Tom________ into the house when no one ___________. A. slipped; was noticing B. had slipped; noticed C. slipped; had noticed D. was slipping; noticed 解析:slip和notice 为同时发生的动作,因此B、C为错误选项,slipped指过去有结果的动作(他溜进去了),when no one was noticing 指他溜进去的一刹那发生的情况(没有人注意)。 3. As she ________ the newspaper, Granny _________ asleep. A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell was reading; was falling D. read; fell 解析:道理同上 4.The last time I _________ Jane she __________ cotton in the fields. A. had seen; was picking B. saw; picked C. had seen; picked D. saw; was picking 解析:道理同上 责任编辑:李芳芳 |
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