Unit 9 Book 2Language Points
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中学英语教学资源网 → 英语教案 → 教学设计 手机版 | ||||
重点词语用法 1.room的用法 1)room 用作不可数名词,意为“(未占用的或可利用的)空间;地位;余地”。例如: ①Is there room for me? 还有我的地方吗? ②There's room for three more. 还有三个人的位置。 ③I haven't much room to move here. 我这儿没有多少活动余地。 ④Can you make room for another? 你还能腾出一个人(或一件东西)的地方吗? ⑤This table takes up too much room----we'd better put it out. 这张桌子占的地方太大,我们最好把它搬到外面去。 2)room用作可数名词,意为“房间;一套房间;寓所”。例如: ①How many rooms are there in this house? 这所房子里有多少房间? ②This room is a very pleasant one. 这个房间很舒服。 【注意】与room常合成的词有:bathroom 洗澡间; sitting-room 起居室;din-ning-room 饭厅;schoolroom 教室 2.hold的用法 1)hold 用作动词,意为“抓住”,常用“hold sb. by the+表身体部位的名词”结构。 ①She was holding her father's hand. 她紧紧抓住父亲的手。 ②I hold him by the sleeve. 我抓住了他的袖子。 2)hold可用于表示“承受(某人/物)的重量;支承”。 ①Is that branch strong enough to hold you? 那树枝经得住你吗? ②The dam gave away. It was not strong enough to hold the flood waters. 水坝塌了,它不够坚固,挡不住洪水。 3)hold可用于表示“容纳,包含”之意,不用进行时态,也不用被动结构。 ①This barrel holds 25 litres. 这个桶能装 25升。 ②I don't think the car can hold you all. 我看这辆车坐不下你们这些人。 ③My brain can't hold so much information at one time. 我脑子一下子记不住这么多信息。 4)hold可用于表示“使保持(某种状态)”之意,常在宾语后接介词短语、形容词或分词,表示该宾语的位置、姿态或状态。 ①She held her baby in her arms. 她抱着她的小孩。 ②He is holding a cigarette between his lips. 他嘴里叼着一支香烟。 ③They held their heads high. 他们把头抬得高高的。 ④I couldn't hold the door closed . 我没法把门关上。 5)hold还可作“认为,相信,持有某种观点”解。 ①People once held that the earth was flat. 人们曾一度相信地球是平的。 ②I hold the view that the plan cannot work. 我认为那个计划不可行。 6)hold还可表示“召开,举行(会议等)”。 ①The meeting will be held in the community centre. 会议将在社区活动中心举行。 ②We hold a general election every four or five years. 我们每四五年举行一次大选。 ③The Motor Show is usually held in October. 汽车展览会通常在十月举行。 7)在电话交谈中,我们常说 Hold on, please.意为“请别挂掉。” 8)习语hold one's tongue意为“住嘴”,多用于祈使句。 Hold your tongue! Don't bother me any more. 3.sight的用法 sight[sait]意为“视力;目光”,是不可数名词。 catch sight of意为“看见”,lose sight of意为“看不见”,go sightseeing意为“去观光”,get nearsighted意为“变成近视眼”。例如: ①Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见,心不念。 ②Standing at the top of the hill you can catch sight of the whole city. 站在山顶,我们能够看见全城的景色。 ③I used to have a good sight, but because of years of hard work, I got nearsighted. 我过去视力很好,但由于常年的艰苦工作,我变成了近视眼。 ④The little boy lost his sight after three year's illness. 那个小男孩病了三年之后失明了。 【注意】sight还可以作“景象;情景”解。例如: ⑤The sunset with the colourful cloud behind it is a beautiful sight. 这落日的景象衬托着后面的彩云真美啊。 ⑥The earthquake was a frightening sight. 那次地震的情景真可怕。 4.fit的用法 1)表示与职务、身份、场合是否相称,用形容词fit,词组为 be fit for。 ①The book is fit for children. 这种书适合儿童阅读。 ②She is not fit for the job. 她不能胜任这工作。 2)表示衣服鞋袜等是否合身要用动词fit。 ①His coat fits beautifully. 他的上衣很合身。 ②This suit doesn't fit me well. Have you got a larger size? 这套西装不怎么合身,有尺码大一点儿的吗? 3)fit用作形容词,还有“恰当的,得体的;健康的”的意思。 ①The room is a fit place for study. 那间房很适合学习用。 ②He keeps himself fit by running 5 miles every day. 他每天跑5英里以保持身体健康。 4)fit用作动词还有“配合,安装”的意思 ①The key doesn't fit the lock. 钥匙和锁不配。 ②A man came and fitted the telephone for her. 来了个人替她把电话装上了。 5.water 的用法 1)water ['w&t+]作“水”解时是不可数名词,不用复数形式;但在指大量的水(mass of water),如海水、湖水或河水时,常用复数形式 waters。例如: ①One week without water makes one weak. 一周不饮水,将使人虚弱。 ②If you have a fever, you must drink plenty of water. 如果你发烧,就必须喝足量的水。 ③In summer we usually find Huanghe River full of waters. 夏天我们通常发现水满黄河。 ④Have you seen the place where the waters of the Changjiang River flow out into the East Sea? 你见到过长江的入海处吗? 2)water 既可用作名词,意为“水”;又可用作动词,意为“浇水,灌溉;加水;泪水流出;流口水”。如: ①It's very dry, and we must water the garden. 天很干,我们应该浇园了。 ②They were watering the streets. 他们正在街上洒水。 ③Our ship watered at every port we visited. 我们的船每到一港口,就加水一次。 ④The smoke made my eyes water. 烟使我眼睛流泪。 ⑤The smell from the kitchen made my mouth water. 厨房的气味使我直流口水。 6.dirty的用法 dirty['d+:ti](= make dirty) vt.弄脏;变脏/vi.变脏。例如: ①The student dirtied his new books carelessly. 那个学生不小心弄脏了他的新书。 ②On rainy days, the bicycle dirties quickly. 雨天,自行车很快就脏了。 【注意】在英语中,有一些形容词可以转化为动词。又如: ③They calmed down after the quarrel. 争吵之后他们平静下来。 ④You must slow down when you come into the town. 进入城镇,你就必须减慢速度。 ⑤It can help to cool the soup. 它可以帮助汤凉下来。 ④In order to better their life, they worked very hard. 它们为了改善生活,工作非常努力。 7.after的用法 1)after用作介词时,后面可接名词或动名词。例如: ①They ate in a restaurant after the film.(=After seeing the film. they ate in a restaurant.) 看完电影后,他们在一家餐馆吃了饭。 after不是副词,不能与 afterwards,then或 after that互换使用。例如: ②They went to the cinema and afterwards (then/after that) they ate in a restaurant. (×…and after they ate in a restaurant.) 他们先去看电影,然后在一家餐馆吃了饭。 2)after也可用作连词,引导一个时间状语从句,意为“在……之后”。例如: ①I called him after you told me his telephone number. 在你告诉我他的电话号码后,我便给他打了电话。 老师刚一进教室,同学们就站了起来并向老师问好。 8.home 意为“动植物的产地或栖息地”。例如: ①Do you know the home of the tigers? 你知道老虎的产地吗? ②Heze is quite famous for its peony flowers .It is the home of peony. 菏泽以牡丹花著名,它是牡丹之乡。 ③The teacher told us that the home of the lion was Africa. 老师告诉我们狮子的产地是非洲。 9.present 1)present用作形容词,表示“出席,在场”,读作['preznt]。 ①Were you present when the news was announced? 宣布消息时你在场吗? ②Everybody present welcomed the decision. 出席的每个人都欢迎那个决议。 ③There were 200 people present at the meeting. 有200人到会。 2)present 用作形容词,还可表示“现有的,现在的”。 ①You can't use it in its present condition. 目前这样情形你无法使用。 ②After being taken back 200 years, we were suddenly returned to the present day. 我们刚还在200年前的历史场景中,一下子又回到了现在。 3)present 可用作名词表示“现在、目前”的时间概念。 ①We learn from the past, experience the present , and hope for success in the future. 我们从过去中学习,从现在体验并展望未来成功。 ②She is busy at present and can't speak to you. 她现在很忙,不能和你说话。 4)present 用作名词,还可表示“礼物”之意。 ①I'm buying it for a present, so please wrap it up nicely. 我买这东西送人,请帮我好好包装一下。 ②He admired my old typewriter so much, I made him a present of it. 他非常喜欢我的旧打字机,所以我就送给他了。 5)present 用作动词,可表示“捐赠;介绍(正式的)”的意思,读作[pri'zent]。 ①they presented a sum of money to the college in memory of their son. 为纪念儿子他们向学院捐赠了一大笔钱。 ②The ambassador was presented to the president. 大使被引见给总统。 10.square 的用法 1)square 是可数名词,表示“正方形” ①The handkerchief is a square . 这块手帕是方形的。 ②The handkerchief is in the shape of a square. 这块手帕是正方形的。 【注意】其它表示形状的词有: rectangle(oblong)长方形, triangle三角 形,quadrangle 四角形, pentagon五角形, hexagon 六角形, heptagon 七角形,polygon多角形 2)square 作“广场”解,常与专有名词连用。 Venice Square (罗马)威尼斯广场 Tian An Men Square 天安门广场 the Red square (莫斯科)红场 the People's Square in Shanghai 上海人民广场 3)square 用作形容词,表示“平方的”。 ①one square meter 一平方米 ②A carpet six meters square has an area of 36 square meters. 六米见方的地毯面积为36平方米。 【注意】圆形广场叫circus,方形广场叫square 11.else的用法 1)else在该句中用作形容词,意为“别的”,“其它的”。它作形容词常用来修饰疑问代词 who,whom,whose,what;不定代词all,little,much及以any-,every-,some-,no-加上-body,-one,-thing构成的复合不定代词。else要放在它所修饰的词之后。 ①What else can I do for you? 还有什么事我可以为你做的呢? ②He is more diligent than anyone else in his class. 他比班里的其他任何学生都勤奋。 ③Someone else may see it. 还有别的人可能看到了。 ④I have much else to say about this. 关于此事我还有更多的话要说。 【注意】other 作形容词用时词义与 else相同,但用法不一样:other通常修饰普通名词,且放在被修饰词之前。上述有关句子可改为: ①What other thing can I do for you? 我还可以为你做点什么别的事吗? ②He is more diligent than any other student in his class. 他比班里其他别的学生都更勤奋。 ③Some other person may see it. 其他人可能看见它。 2)else用作副词,意为“另外”,“其他”,用来修饰疑问副词how,when,where,why及以any-,every-,no-some-加上-where构成的词。如: ①Why else were you absent from class? 你缺课还有什么别的原因? ②We went nowhere else. 我们没去别处。 12.reason & cause 1)reason 是指“(为什么做某事)的原因,理由”。(人的主观性) ①You have no reason to get angry. 你没有理由发脾气。 ②Tell me the reason why you are so late this morning. 告诉我你今天早上来得这么晚的理由。 2)cause 是指“(引起一件事发生的)起因。”(客观因素) ①The cause of the fire was carelessness. 起火的原因是不谨慎。 ②We can't get rid of war until we get rid of the causes of war. 不首先消失战争的起因,就不能消灭战争。 重要词组短语 1.go on doing sth .继续做原来的事情;go on to do sth .接着去做另一件事。例如: ①After reading the text, we went on to translate some sentences. 读完课文,我们接着翻译了几个句子。 ②The students went on talking and laughing all the way. 同学们一路上不停地谈笑。 ③After a short break, he went on writing the letter. 休息一会后,他继续写了这信。 ④If the population goes on increasing , there will only be standing room left for us next century! 如果人口继续增长的话,下个世纪我们就只有站的地方了。 2.be fit for 意为“适合于”。例如: ①The old man is so weak and he isn't fit for the job. 那位老人太虚弱了,不适合于这项工作。 ②Our headmaster is fit for his position. 我们的校长是称职的。 ▲be fit to do sth. 意为“适合于做某事”。例如: ③The glasses too large. They are not fit for me to wear. 这架眼镜太大了,不 适合我的。 ④I do think she is fit to look after the children . 我的确认为,她是适合照顾这些孩子的。 3.agree,agree to,agree with&agree on 的用法区别 1)agree后可接不定式,也可接that从句。 ①He agreed to finish the job as soon as possible. 他同意尽早结束这项工作。 ②I am sure you will agree that it is most important for us to keep fit. 十分重要的是要保持身体健康。关于这一点我肯定你会同意的。 2)agree with sb. 表示“同意某人的意见”,也可接what 从句。 ①I agreed with you. 我同意你的意见。 ②I agree with what you have said. 我同意你说的话。 3)agree to 表示对所述之事表示肯定或答应。 He has agreed to this arrangement . 对于此项安排,他已经表示同意。 4)agree on 表示“商定,达成协议”。 Can we agree on a date for the next meeting! 我们可否商定下次开会的日期? 4.to one's joy “to one's+感情名词”或“to the+感情名词+ of”结构,用作结果状语。常见的感情名词有joy(高兴),delight(欢喜),surprise(惊奇),astonishment(吃惊),disappointment(失望),amusement(好笑),annoyance (烦恼),horror(恐惧),shame(羞愧),relief(安心)等。 ①To our astonishment, she began to laugh. 使我们吃惊的是她笑了起来。 ②To the disappointment of the spectators, the match had to be abandoned. 令观众失望的是,这次比赛不得不取消。 ③He has recovered, much to the delight of his friends. 他病好了,使得朋友们大为欢喜。 5.cut down 意为“砍伐、砍倒”,另外还可以作“削减”解。例如: ①Young trees are not allowed to cut down in some countries. 在一些国家不允许砍伐小树。 ②The bullets cut down the soldiers like corns. 子弹象砍玉米一样将士兵一排排射倒。 ③We must cut down the expenses. 我们必须削减开支。 ④The tailor cut the dress down. 裁缝把衣服改小了。 6.in place 是一个固定词组,意为“在原来的地方”。例如: ①You must put every book in place after reading . 你阅读后,必须把每一本书都放回原处。 ②We should put the shoes in place before we decided which pair to buy. 在我们确定买那一双之前,我们应该将鞋子放回原处。 ③The manager persuaded us to keep the bicycle in place. 管理人员说服我们把自行车放回原出。 ④We'd better leave the computer and printer in place in order to protect them. 我们最好将电脑和打印机留在原来的地方,以便保护它们。 7.表示一类人,可以用“the+形容词或过去分词”形式。例如: the rich= the rich people 富人 the poor = the poor people 穷人 the young= the young people 年青人 the old=the old people 老人 the wounded= the wounded people 伤员 the deaf = the deaf people 聋子 the laid-off= the laid-off workers 下岗职工 the unemployed= the unemployed people失业者 the dead = the dead people 死人 8.play a part(in)意为“在……中起作用”。例如: ①Most Irish people go to church every Sunday and the church plays an important part in people's life. 大多数爱尔兰人星期天都去教堂做礼拜。教会在人们生活中起着重要的作用。 ②They are playing an important part in building our country. 他们在我国的建设中起着重要作用。 ③The part played by religion was very great. 宗教起的作用是巨大的。 ④The part that women played during the was great. 妇女在那次战役中起的作用是巨大的。 ⑤The workers have played an important part in the development of production. 工人在生产发展中起着重要作用。 9.in all作“总共”(altogether)解。例如: ①In our school there are twenty-five English teachers in all. 我们学校总共有25位英语教师。 ②New Zealand has no more than 3.5 million people in all 新西兰一共只不过三百五十万人。 10.no more than & not more than 1)no more than表示“少”,not more than表示“不多于”。 ①I have no more than five yuan in my pocket. 我口袋里只不过5元钱。(太少了) ②I have not more than five yuan in my pocket. 我口袋里不多于5元钱。(不言其多或少) 2)no less than表示“多”,not less than 表示“不少于”。 ①He is no less determined than you. 他的决心决不亚于你。(言其决心大) ②He is not less determined than you. 他的决心不比你小。(无言其大或小的含义) 常用句型结构 1.if引导的条件句的用法 1)当if用于表示普遍真理和科学事实的条件句中,其主从句的谓语动词一般都用一般现在时。 ①If you heat ice, it melts. 如果给冰加热,冰便融化了。 ②If you pour oil on water, it floats. 把油倒在水上,油浮于水面。 ③If the temperature drops to zero degrees centigrade, water freezes. 如果温度降至零度,水便结冰了。 ④If you divide eight by two, you get four. 8除以2,等于4。 2)当if用于表示现在习惯动作条件句中,其主从句的谓语也都用一般现在时。 ①lf I make a promise, I keep it. 我只要许下诺言,就信守不渝。 ②if it rains, I go to work by bus. 每逢雨天,我就搭乘公共汽车上班。 3)当if用于表示过去习惯动作的条件句中,其主从句谓语动词都用一般过去式。 ①lf I made promise, I kept it. 以前我只要许下诺言,就总是信守不渝。 ②If it rained, I went to work by bus. 以前每逢下雨,我就坐公共汽车上班。 4)if还常与从句一般现在时,主句用 will/shall/can加动词原形结构搭配使用。 ①If you go to England, you will have to learn English . 如果你到英国去,就必须学英语。 ②If it is fine tomorrow , we can have a picnic somewhere . 如果明天晴天,我们可以去野餐。 5)if从句还常出现以下结构,主句祈使句,从句一般现在时。 ①If you wake up before me, give me a call. 如果你比我醒得早,就叫醒我。 ②If you meet Mary in London , introduce youself to her . 如果你在伦敦遇见玛丽,就向她做自我介绍。 6)有时if从句中还使用“should+动词原形”结构,加重语气。 ①If we should miss the 10 o'clock train, we won't get there till after lunch. 如果我们错过10点钟的火车,就要在午餐后才能到达。 ②If he should fail to come, ask Philip to work in his place. 万一他不来,就请菲利浦代替他工作。 7)if从句中也常使用“will+动词原形”结构,表示“意愿”。 ①If he will accept the nomination , a lot of electors will vote for him . 如果他愿意接受提名,许多选民都会投他的票。 ②lf you will wait for a few more minutes, the doctor will see you without your making an appointment. 如果你愿意再等几分钟,医生不用预约就来看你。 8)if主从句中都用“would+动词原形”结构,表示“意愿”,用于客气的请求。 ①If you would try Italian food, you would like it. 如果您愿意尝试意大利食品,你会喜欢的。 ②If you would read more carefully , you would understand what the writer is trying to say. 如果你愿意更加细心阅读,你会理解作家的意图。 2.It is thought/said/ believed that…据认为/说/信……相当于People think that… 例: ①It is thought that the team will certainly win the match. 据认为这支球队肯定能赢得比赛。 ②It is said that the first printed book came out at this period. 据说第一本印刷书就是这时出现的。 ③It is reported that Bill Clinton will meet Blair next week. 据说下周比尔·克林顿要会见布莱尔。 |
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