初中英语同义句转换 教学总结(人教版英语中考复习) |
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1、陈述句中肯定句变为否定句,大部分是用not来改变谓语结构,但也有借用否定意义的词,如nothing, nobody, none, neither, little, few, never, hardly等,例如:: A:Tom does well in maths. B:Tom doesn’t do well in maths. A:He has much to do. B:He has nothing to do. A:All of my classmates like art. B:None of my classmates likes art. 2、改为疑问句。根据上下句的结构和词的减少,来判断变为哪一种形式的疑问句。例如: A:My brother often has breakfast at school. B: Does your brother often have breakfast at school? A:Tom’s already weak in English. B:Tom’s already weak in English, isn’t he ? A:The red light changes every two minutes. B:How often does the red light change? 3、改为感叹句。根据所给的句子结构和单词的词性,来确定使用哪一种感叹句的形式,例如: A:This is an interesting book. B:What an interesting book this is! 或 How interesting this book is! 1、同义词或词组之间的转换。(通常上下句时态保持一致)。 常见的同义词或词组有: 1. “花费”spend—take—cost—take;2. “到达”get to—reach—arrive in/at;3. “收到…来信”hear from—get a letter from —receive a letter from—have a letter from4. “擅长于…”be good at —do well in5. “有空”be free—have time;6. “入睡”go to sleep—get to sleep—fall asleep;(7) “玩得开心”enjoy oneself—have a good time;(8)“给…打电话”call sb—telephone sb—ring sb. a call—make a telephone to sb.(9)“飞往…”fly to…—go to…by air/plane(10)“自学”teach oneself—learn…by oneself(11)在…方面帮助help…with…—help… (to)do…(12)在…差be weak in…—do badly (19)展览 on show—on display(20)阻止…干…stop…from doing—keep/prevent…from doing…(21)由于 thanks to—because of…(22)举手hands up—put up one’s hands(23)最后,终于at last—in the end(24)与…不同 be different from…—be not the same as…(25)从…借入… borrow…from…—lend…to…(26)乘公汽/火车/的 go to…by bus/train/taxi—take a bus /train to (27)乘自行车去… go to…by bike—ride a bike to…(28)为…感到自豪 be proud of…—be the pride of…(29)步行去… walk to…—go to…on foot (30)独自地by oneself —alone等。 例如: A:The children had a good time in the park. B:The children enjoyed themselves in the park. 2、同义句型之间的转化。常见的同义句型有①It seems that 从句→Somebody seems(to be)+adj/n ②It’s kind of sb. to do…→Somebody is kind to do… ③What does…mean?→What do you mean by…?或What’s the meaning of…?④There is something wrong with…→Something is wrong with… ⑤not…until…与when/after/before引导的时间状语从句的转换 ⑥What’s wrong with…?→What’s the matte with…? ⑦How is…?→What’s…like…?⑧How do you like…?→What do you think of?⑧It’s time that…→It’s time for sb. to do…⑨It’s said that…→People say that…⑩Can I help you? →What can I do for you? 例如: A:I went to bed after I finished my homework. B:I didn’t go to bed until I finished my homework. 3、if引导的条件状语从句的转化。例如: A:If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, they’ll go to the park. B:Unless it rains tomorrow, they’ll go to the park. A:If you don’t hurry, you’ll be late. B:Hurry up, or you’ll be late. A:Fish can’t live if there is no water. B:Fish can’t live without water. 4、现在完成时态中的一句多译。在现在完成时态中,结束性动词不能与时间段连用,必须改成相应的延续性动词。常见的动词转换有:buy—have, borrow—keep, die—be dead, open—be open, join—be in+组织/be a +成员, begin—be on, leave—be away from, close—be closed, arrive in/ get to/ come/go to—be in/at, finsh—be over, go to sleep—be asleep,get up—be up. The old man has been dead for five months. It’s five months since the old man died.Five months has passed since the old man died. 5、简单句与复合句之间的转换。 ①含宾语从句的复合句与简单句的转换。例如: A I saw they were playing football on the playground. B saw them playing football on the playground. A:The teacher found that she was very clever. B:The teacher found her very clever. A:He found that it was hard to learn English well. B:He found it hard to learn English well. A:We are sure that we will win to first match. B:We are sure to win to first match. 由疑问代词/副词引导的宾语从句可转化为“疑问句+不定式”结构。例如: A:Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station? B:Could you tell me how to get to the railway station? A:We don’t know what we should do next. B:We don’t know what to do next. ②由when/after/before/while/since/until引导的时间状语从句可转化为when/after/before/while/sine/until + doing… 例如: A:They went home after they finished their work. B:The went home after finishing their work. A:Mr Smith has taught English since he came to China. B:Mr Smith has taught English since coming to China. When sb. +be+数词+years old→at the age of+岁数 A:When he was twelve years old, Edison started writing his own newspaper. B:At the age of twelve, Edison started writing his own newspaper. ③由so…that…引导的结果状语从句可转化为too…to do或…enough to do……例如: A:The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it. B:The box is too heavy for me to carry. 或:The box isn’t light enough for me to carry. A:The child is so old that he can go to school. B:The child is old enough to go to school. ④由so that 引导的目的状语从句可转化为in order to do例如: A:My father got up early this morning so that he could catch the early bus. B:My father got up early this morning in order to catch the early bus. ⑤由because 引导的原因状语从句可转化为because of…例如: A:We didn’t go to the park because it rained. B:We didn’t go to the park because of the rain. ⑥定语从句可以转化为介词短语或分词短语。例如: A:The man who is on the bike is Jim. B:The man on the bike is Jim. A:The man who is driving the red car is my boss. B:The man driving the red car is my boss. A:The girl who is called Mary is my sister. B:The girl called Mary is my sister. 6、用并列连词neither…nor;either…or…;both…and…;not only…but also…连句。例如: A:I haven’t seen a TV play for long, and Lily hasn’t either. B:Neither I nor Lily has seen a TV play for long. A:Tom is good at maths, and he is good at French, too. B:Tom is good at both maths and French. neither…nor…, either…or…和not only…but also…连接两个主语时,谓语动词依靠近它的主语而定,即“就近原则”,但是both…and用来连接两个主语时,谓语复数。 7、主动语与被动语态的互变。 “主动”变“被动”实行“三变二不变”原则。“三变”即是主语,谓语和宾语的变化,“二不变”即时态不变,句式不变。例如: A:They make watches in the town. B:Watches are made by them in the town. A:I can finish the work before eight. B:The work can be finished(by me)before eight. A:Do they grow rice in South China? B:Is rice grown in South China? 注:使役性动词make或感观性动词see/watch/look at/hear/listen to/feel在主动语态中所带省to的不定式宾补变为被动语态时,必须加上to. A:I saw him take your umbrella. B:He was seen to take your umbrella. 8、形容词、副词二级之间的转化,例如 A:Chinese is the most important subject of all. B:Chinese is more important than any other subject. A:This exercise is easier than the other two. B:This exercise is the easiest of the three. 相关链接:中考复习指导 中考复习中考复习指导
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