Unit 12 Book 2 Language Points
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重点词语用法
1．suggest 的用法
1)suggest用作及物动词，后接名词、动名词或名词性从句。从句中的谓语形式多为should加动词原形，should可以省略。
①He suggested our returning home as soon as possible.
他建议我们尽快回家。
②He suggested a plan.
他提出了一个计划。
③I suggested that he(should)do it.
我建议他做那件事。
2)suggest作及物动词，表示“暗示，表明”，后面也加that从句，但不用should do 形式。
①Her appearance suggests that she is living a happy life.
她的样子显示她生活得很幸福。
②His yawns suggested that he would like to go to bed.
他哈欠连天，说明他该上床睡觉了。
2．fire 的用法
fire作用物质名词表示“火”时是不可数名词，一般不加冠词。
①There is no smoke without fire.
无风不起浪。
②Keep away from fire!
切勿近火！
▲表示“火灾”时，fire用作可数名词。
①A fire broke out yesterday.
昨天发生了一场火灾。
②Forest fires are common in North America.
北美的森林火灾很普遍。
③The fire was soon put out.
火很快扑灭了。
▲set fire to 意为“放火烧”，“使情绪激动”。
①He set fire to his house before he took a flight.
他逃跑前放火烧了房子。
②He set the audience on fire.
他使听众情绪激昂。
▲catch fire作“着火，燃烧，激动起来”解。
①First the curtains caught fire and then the bed-clothes.
窗帘首先着火了，接着被褥也着火了。
②The audience caught fire at his words.
观众听了他的话群情激昂。
▲go through fire and water作“赴汤蹈火”解。
They were always ready to go through fire and water for the sake of the Chinese people's liberation.
他们随时准备为中国人民的解放而赴汤蹈火。
3．情态动词 might的用法
1)might是may的过去式，但只有在过去时间的语境中，might才表示过去的“许可”。
①They assured us that we might come and go as we pleased.
他们向我们保证，我们可以来去自由。
②She asked if she might go home then.
她询问那时是否可以回家。
2)在过去时间的语境中，might可表示过去的“可能”。
①He explained he might be late for school because of a traffic jam.
他解释到，他上学可能会因交通堵塞而迟到。
②He said he might be working late that night.
他说那天晚上他可能工作到深夜。
3)如果不出现在过去时间的语境中，might仅表示一种婉转口气。
①We might ask John to chair the meeting.
我们不妨请约翰主持会议。(试探性的建议)
②You might take these letters to the post office for me.
你可否把我的几封信带到邮局发掉。(客气的请求)
4．battle, war, fight & struggle
1)war指国家间的战争总体。
①They are at war with the country.
他们正在与该国交战。
②War is not the best way to settle quarrels between different countries.
战争不是解决国与国之间争端的最好方法。
2)battle 指war中的各个战役。
①He died in the battle of Waterloo.
他死于滑铁卢战役。
②They all went out to battle.
他们全部奔赴战场了。
3)fight 指具体的争斗，可以有兵器，也可以没有，可以指人之间，亦可指动物之间的争斗。
①They fought for freedom.
他们为自由而战。
②England fought against Germany.
英国和德国打仗。
4)struggle指较长时期的，激烈的争斗，往往指肉体上、精神上的战斗。
①He struggled with the thief.
他与窃贼搏斗。
②They had to struggle for their lives against weather and wild animals.
他们必须与气候、野兽抗争以求生存。
5．when用作并列连词，意为“这时突然……”(”and then；and just at that time)；“正在……时，突然”。注意这时不能将when所引导的句子放在句首。例如：
①An Arab was walking along in the desert when he met two men.
一个阿拉伯人正独自在沙漠中走，这时他碰见两个人。
②I was Just coming to see you when I ran into Wilson.
我正要去看你，这时我碰到威尔逊。
③Peter was on his way home when two boys stopped him.
彼得正往家走，突然两个男孩拦住了他。
6．speed的用法
speed用作抽象意义，表示“速度，速率”时为不可数名词；而当表示具体的以某种速度行驶时，则为可数名词，多在前面加不定冠词a。
①The speed of light is faster than that of sound.
光速比音速要快。
②The motor-bike is gaining speed.
那辆摩托车在加快速度。
③He ran at an average speed at the beginning of the race.
在比赛开始时他以中速赛跑。
④Drivers are required to drive at a safe speed on the twisting roads in the mountain.
要求司机们在蜿蜒曲折的山路上以安全的速度行车。
⑤The police car is running with a maximum speed.
警车正以最快的速度行驶。
⑥A student was required to have a speed of 500 words per minute in speed-reading.
在快速阅读中要求学生每分钟读500字。
▲at speed意为“高速地，迅速地”。
①The ambulance is running at speed with alarms.
救护车鸣笛急驰。
②She finished typewriting the letter at speed.
她迅速打好那封信。
▲at full/top speed表示“全速，最快速度”。
①The militant trucks ran to the front at full speed.
军车全速开往前线。
②The first-aid medical team got to the spot of the accident at top speed.
急救医疗队以最快速度赶到事故现场。
③The runners dashed to the finish at top speed.
赛跑运动员以最快的速度冲向终点。
▲speed可用作动词，意为“迅速前进，快行”。
①The destroyer sped through wind and waves.
那艘驱逐舰顶风斩浪向前行驶。
②She sped home the moment she was told that her husband fell ill suddenly.
刚一听说丈夫突然病倒，她便马上奔回家去。
③He sped the car through the streets.
他加快车速，穿过一条条街道。
▲speed up意“(使)加快，(使)加速”等，其过去式和过去分词多用speeded。
①He speeded up the engine.
他加快了发动机的速度。
②Many cities have speeded up in house building to meet the demand.
许多城市在建房中加快速度，以满足要求。
7．warn的用法
warn基础用法如下：1)warn sb．of(或 about)sth．警告某人某事；2)warn sb．(not)to do sth．警告某人(不)要做某事；3)warn sb．against sth．(或 doing sth．)警告某人不要做某事；4)warn(sb．)that…警告(某人)某事。例如：
①I warned you of the danger, didn't I?
我给你说了有危险，不是吗？
②Doctor warned people not to smoke.
医生警告人们不要吸烟。
③They warned him against swimming in river.
他们告戒他不要在那条河里游泳。
④The weather station warned that a storm was coming.
气象台预报有暴风雨来临。
8．as的用法
as可以作连词、介词及关系代词。现将as的用法小结。如下：
1)作连词：
(1)作“当……的时候”解，引起时间状语从句，与while相近，强调两个动作同时发生，或某事一发生，另一事立即发生。例如：
①As she sang, the tears ran down her cheeks.
她一边唱歌，一边流泪。
②I startled as he opened the door.
他一开门，我吓了一跳。
(2)作“因为”，“由于”解，引起原因状语从句，与because相近。例如：
①I must stop writing now，as I have rather a lot of work to do.
我必须停笔了，因为我还有许多工作要做。
②As Jim liked walking, we started off on foot.
因为吉姆喜欢走路，所以我们就步行出发了。
(3)作“如”，“像”解，引起方式状语从句，或比较状语从句。例如：
①You should do as the teacher tells you to do.
你应该像教师教你的那样去做。(方式状语)
②He speaks English just as Americans do.
他说英语就像美国人说英语一样。(方式状语)
③The weather was not so wet as it is today.
过去的天气不像现在这样潮湿。(比较状语)
④The Christmas tree is almost as tall as the room.
这棵圣诞树差不多同这间房子一般高。(比较状语)
▲另外，经常用在 as…as possible的结构中。例如：
⑤Read the story as quickly as possible.(” Read the story as quickly as you can.)尽快地阅读这篇故事。
⑥They watered the trees as often as possible. (”They watered the trees as often as they could.)
他们尽可能经常给树浇水。
2)用作介词：
(1)作“如”，“像”解，引起方式状语从句，或比较状语从句。例如：
①They got united as one man.
他们团结得像一个人一样。
②She spoke of me as her dearest friend.
她谈起我来就像我是她最亲密的朋友似的。
(2)作“充当”，“作为”解。例如：
③He was famous as a soldier.
作为军人，他很有名望。
④English is spoken as the first language by most people in Australia.
在澳大利亚，大多数人把英语作为第一语言。
3)用作关系代词：在“the same as”和 as follows这类结构中的as都是作关系代词。
9．as，when与while的用法区别
1)while常表示一段较长时间或一个过程，强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词同时发生。例如：
①Work while you work. Play while you play.
工作时工作，玩耍时玩耍。
2)when当……时候，可以指较短的(一点)时间，也可指一段时间。例如：
①When the clock struck twelve, all the lights in the streets were still on.
钟敲十二时，街上所有的灯仍亮着。
②When he was at college, he studied hard.
他在大学时，学习很努力。
3)as当……时候，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生，经常翻译为“一面……一面……”。例如：
①The students sang the English song as they went along.
学生们边走边唱那首英语歌曲。
10．noise，voice和 sound的用法区别
1)sound作“声音”解，可以指一切声音。如：
①He heard a strange sound from behind.
他听到背后有一个奇怪的声音。
②It was such a weak sound that we could hardly hear it.
它是那么微弱的声音，我们几乎听不到。
③Can you hear a sharp sound from a long distance?
你听到远处的尖叫声了吗？
④The beautiful sound of music moved him greatly.
优美的音乐深深地感动了他。
2)noise(”loud and unpleasant sound)意为“噪声”。
特指不悦耳的声音。它即可用作可数名词，也可用作不可数名词。例如：
①Noise is another kind of pollution.
噪音是另外一种污染。
②The people who usually hear very loud noises have their hearing hurt.
经常听很大噪音人的听力受到了伤害。
3)voice作“声音”解时，多指人发出的声音。例如：
①Don't shout at the top of your voice.
不要可着喉咙高喊。
②They didn't recognize my voice on the telephone.
他们在电话中没有听出我的声音。
③Do you know the girl who has a sweet voice?
你认识那位声音很甜美的姑娘吗？
重要词组短语
1．the other day(” a few days ago)意为“前几天”。例如：
①They sent me a letter from abroad the other day.
前几天他们给我从国外发来了一封信。
②The other day, when I was walking along the street, I met one of my old school friends.
前几天当我在街上散步的时候，我遇见了我的一个老校友。
2．think of意为“想到，记得；思考，关心”。例如：
①Who first thought of the idea?
谁先想到那个主意的？
②All at once he thought of a way.
他突然想到一个办法。
③I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.
我正想着这些的时候，听到(老师)叫我的名字。
④He had us in mind all the time and we thought of him constantly.
他时刻关怀着我们，我们也经常惦念着他。
3．go +doing结构表示“去干某事”的意思，多指从事与体育、娱乐有关的活动。例如：
go boating 去划船
go climbing去等山
go fishing 去钓鱼
go hunting去打猎
go dancing去跳舞
go swimming去游泳
go shopping去买东西
go walking去散步
4．30cm by 30cm by 50cm是体积的表示法，也可以写成30cm×30cm×50cm。乘号(×)读作by。介词 by在这里表示相乘以计面积或体积。例如：
①They have built a bird cage 2m×3m×5m.
他们做了一个2米宽3米长5米高的鸟笼。
②I want a piece of paper 3 inches by 5 inches.
我想要一张3英寸宽5英寸长的纸。
③The room is forty feet by twenty.
房间长40英尺宽20英尺。
5．turn off 意为“关掉(电灯、水源、煤气等)”。例如：
①Make sure to turn off the lights before you leave the office.
在你离开办公室之前，一定要关掉电灯。
②Please turn off the water．请把自来水关上。
6．“be about to + 不定式”结构表示“即刻就要发生/做的事”。例如：
①They were about to start when it rained.
他们刚要出发，天就下起雨来。
②We are about to attend a meeting.
我们将要参加会议。
【注意】在这种结构中，不能用表示时间的副词来修饰，若说成：I am about to leave next week.则是错误的，应去掉修饰词 next week。
7．at that very moment中的very是形容词，用来加强语气，意为“正好”、“就在”。例如：
①That's the very thing I need.
那正是我需要的东西。
②The hotel stands in the very centre of the town.
那家饭店位于城市的正中心。
③He did it under my very eyes.
他就是在我的眼皮底下干这件事。
8．held one's breath 意为“(由于紧张、激动、害怕等)屏住气，不出声”。例如：
①The audience held their breath when the prizes were to be given.
在颁奖之前，观众都紧张得屏住了气。
②We held our breath at the exciting news.
听到这一令人兴奋的消息时，我们都屏住了气。
9．“go + adj．”表示“转变成……”，go是连系动词，作“变得”解。这个结构常表示情况变坏。例如：
①The machines go wrong.
机器出了毛病。
②He went almost mad when he heard the news.
他听到这个消息时几乎发疯了。
③His illness is going worse.
他的病情正在恶化。
10．run out of sth.
run out of sth．意为“(供应品)用完、耗尽；(人)用完”。
①The petrol is running out.
汽油快用光了。
②We are running out of time.
我们剩下的时间不多了。
③Could I have a cigarette? I seem to have run out of them.
给我一支烟好吗？我的烟已经抽完了。
11．so as to/in order to常用来表示目的，构成动词不定式短语，其否定形式是so as not to/in order not to。例如：
①He got up very early so as to catch the first bus.
他起的很早，以便赶上第一班公共汽车。
②He worked very hard in order to catch up with the top student in our class.
他工作很努力，以便赶上我班最好的同学。
③I'm going to make an early start so as not to get stuck in the traffic.
我要早点动身，以免碰上交通堵塞。
④He came in quietly in order not to wake his wife.
他轻轻地进来，为了不把他妻子吵醒。
12．attract one's attention意为“引起某人的注意”。例如：
①What I said didn't attract his attention.
我所说的话没有引起他的注意。
②Heze peony flowers attract many foreigners' attention.
菏泽牡丹吸引了众多外宾的注意力。
13．before long(” soon)意为“不久”，既可与过去时连用，也可与将来时连用；long before中 before若作副词，long before(”long ago)意为“很久以前”，常与过去时连用。例如：
①I'll be seeing you before long.
不久，我就会见到你。
②He left Wuhan long before.
他很久以前就离开了武汉。
③It will be long before he arrives.
还要很久，他才能到达。(本句中before为连词。)
14．a sleeping lion意为“睡狮”。其中sleeping为动词-ing形式，用作定语，相当于定语从句(” a lion that is sleeping)。又如：
①Let the sleeping dog lie.
让睡觉的狗躺着。(或：不要惹是生非。)
②He entered the room quietly so as not to wake the sleeping child.
他静静地走进了房间，以便不惊醒睡觉的孩子。
【常用句型结构】
1．句型“the +形容词比较级，the +形容词比较级”意思是“越……越……”。例如：
①The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.
你越听英语，它变的越容易。
②The more you learn, the more you want to learn.
你越学越想学。
③The bigger the computer is, the more expensive it is.
电脑越大，就越昂贵。
④The harder the work is, the more interesting I find it.
工作越难我觉得越有意思。
2．It is + adj．+(或for sb．)to do sth．可看作一个句型，其中it为形式主语。真正的主语为动词不定式短语或动词不定式复合结构。例如：
①It is very important for us to learn English well.
对我们来说学好英语很重要。
②It was impossible for people on the floors above to escape.
对楼上的人来说，要逃掉是不可能的。
3．目的状语从句总结
1)目的状语从句的关联词有so，so that，in order that等。
目的状语从句常用情态动词may(might)，有时亦用shall(should)和will(would)，亦可用can(could)。
①I'll ring him up at once so he shouldn't wait for me.
我马上给他挂电话，让他别等我了。
②He drew a plan of the village so that she could find his house easily.
他画了一张村子的草图，以便她会容易找到他的房子。
③I lent him ￡500 in order that he might go for a holiday.
我借给他500英镑，让他去度假。
2)so that和 in order that引导的目的状语从句被强调时，可置于句首。
①So that the coming generation can learn the martial arts, he has recently devoted much time to writing books on the subject.
为了下一代能够学会这些武术，他近来花了许多时间著书立说。
②In order that the grass and flowers could bloom again, it was necessary that the rocks should be removed.
为了让这些花草能再开花，这些石头必须搬走。
3)in case，for fear(that)也可以引导目的状语从句，但有否定意义，意谓“以免，以防”。
①Take your umbrella，in case it rains.
带上伞，以防下雨。
②He took an umbrella with him for fear it might rain.
他带了一把伞，以防下雨。

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