Unit 13 Book 2 Language Points
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重点词语用法
1．advance[+d'va:ns]vi./vt.意为：“推进、促进”；“前进、进展”。例如：
①His work advanced the science of physics.
他的工作促进了物理学的发展。
②A month has passed and the work has not advanced.
一个月过去了，工作还没有进展。
③We are advancing along the socialist road.
我们正沿着社会主义道路前进。
注意】过去分词advanced用作形容词，意为：“先进的、高级的”
例如：
an advanced worker一名先进工作者
an advanced engineer一位高级工程师
2．bend[bend] vi./vt.意为：“使弯曲”；“弯曲、曲身”。例如：
①Bend the end of the wire down.
把电线的那一端弯下来。
②Can you touch your toes without bending your knees?
你能不屈膝而触到你的脚趾吗？
③He bent down to pick up the wallet. 他俯身拾起钱夹。
3．besides和except的区别
besides用作介词，作“除……之外，还有”；它还可以用作副词，作“还有，而且”解。含有肯定和附加的意思，即在一个具体数字之外再加上一个数。例如：
①There are five other people besides both of us.
除了我们两人之外，还有五个人。
②Three students attended the meeting besides Xiao Hong.
除了小红外，还有三个同学参加了会。
③To learn English well, writing and reading are also important besides listening.
要学好英语，除了听力之外，写作和阅读也是很重要的。
④It is too late to go to the cinema. Besides, it's raining.
现在去看电影太晚了。而且又在下雨。
【注意】except是“除……之外(不包括本身在内)”的意思，含有否定和排除的意思，表示除去一部分，着重在“不包括”(not including)的含义。例如：
①All the girls went to the party except Xiao Hong.
除了小红外，其他女孩都参加了聚会。(小红没有参加。)
②All of us passed the final-term examination except Alice.
除爱丽斯之外，我们大家都通过了期终考试。
③We invited every boy student except Bob.
除了鲍勃外，我们邀请了所有的男生。(鲍勃不包括在内。)
4．content[k+n'tent] adj.高兴；心满意足(=happy, satisfied)。
常用于“be content to do sth.”或“be content with sth.”结构中。例如：
①She is content to eat simple food.她乐意吃一些简单的食物。
②My parents are content to live quietly in the country.
我父母很高兴在农村过安安静静的生活。
③Don't be content with your little success.
你不要满足于小小的成就。
④We are not content with what we have achieved.
我们不满足于现有的成就。
【注意】 content[kn'tent] vt.使……满足(=make sb. happy and satisfied)解。例如：
⑤Is simple praise enough to content him?
简单地表扬几句就足以使他心满意足了吗？
⑥I usually content myself with two glasses of beer for each meal.
我通常每餐有两杯啤酒喝就心满意足了。
5．close 的用法
1)此处close是形容词，意为“亲密、紧密”。如：
①Are you a close friend of theirs?
你是他们的好朋友吗？
②We are as close as lips to teeth.
我们唇齿相依。
2)close还可作“周密、仔细、严密”解释。如：
①We kept a close watch on the prisoners.
我们严密注意犯人的行为。
②The professor asked his students to pay close attention to the details in the experiment.
教授要求学生集中精力注意实验中的每个细节。
3)close还可作“势均力敌”解。如：
①How exciting it is to play or watch a close game of basketball or volleyball.
观看或打一场势均力敌的篮球或排球赛是多么激动人心！
4)close可作副词用，意为“靠近”、“紧紧地”。如：
①Please come close so that I can see you.
请靠近点好让我看见你。
②He was standing close to the door.
他站得离门很近。
③The door is close shut.门紧闭着。
【注】close可作副词，closely也是副词，请注意两者的不同：close作副词时意思是“靠近”、“接近”，而closely作“仔细地”解释。如：
①You should listen closely to the teacher in class.
在上课时你应该仔细听老师讲课。
②The young man watched closely what the engineer was doing.
这年轻人仔细地观察工程师所做的一切。
间或也作“很”、“非常”解。如：
③she closely resembles her mother.
她很像她母亲。
5)close还可作动词用，意思是“关”、“关上(闭)”、“结束”。
① Diana closed the piano without noise and rose.
黛安娜轻轻地把钢琴盖上然后起身。
②The exhibition is not closed to the public on Sundays.
展览会星期天对公众开放。
③At eleven the meeting(was) closed.
十一点钟会议结束了。
6．marry['m$ri] v.的主要用法
1)结婚：
①She married late in life.她晚年才结婚。
②They are going to marry next month.
他们下个月要结婚。
2)嫁，娶，与……结婚：
①Alice married a Chinese.
爱丽斯嫁给了一个中国人。
②It is three years since he married Kate.
他和凯特结婚已三年了。
【注意】marry用于以下成语：
(1)be married(to)与……结婚，嫁给……(表示结婚状况)：
①She has been married to Black for a year.
她跟布莱克结婚一年了。
②She has been married but she has no children.
她已经结婚了，但没有孩子。
(2) get married(to)与……结婚，嫁给……：
③He has not got married.他还没有结婚。
④Miss Wang has got married to a farmer.
王小姐嫁给了一个农民。
(3)marry sb. to把……嫁给……：
⑤She married her daughter to a man with a lot of money.
她把女儿嫁给了一个有钱人。
7．prove[pru:v]vt./link-v. 意为：“证明，证实”；“事实说明了”。用作动词时，其后可跟名词、从句、或复合结构作宾语。用作连系动词时，其后常跟形容词、名词、介词短语或不定式作表语。例如：
①He has proved his courage in battle.
他在战争中显示了他的勇气。
②Can you prove where you were on November 2nd?
你能证明十一月二日你在什么地方吗？
③This proved him to be an honest man.
这证明他是一个诚实的人。
④His advice proved very helpful.
他的建议证明很有帮助。
⑤She proved a very strict teacher.
事实证明她是一个严格的老师。
⑥Perhaps this book will prove of some use to you in your studies.
也许这本书会对你的研究有用处。
⑦As it happened, my advice proved to be wrong.
从事情的进展看来，我的意见果然是错误的。
8．puzzle['p)zl] vt.使迷惑不解，使莫名其妙。例如：
①The old lady's illness puzzled the doctor; he couldn't find the cause.
这位老太太的病使医生感到困惑，他找不到病因。
②This difficult question puzzled all the students in our class.
这个难题使我们班所有的学生都感到困惑不解。
【注意】 puzzle用作名词，意为“难题”、“困惑不解的东西”。例如：
③How accident happened is still a puzzle to us.
事故是怎样发生的，对我们来说仍然是一个难题。
④I'm doing a word puzzle in this magazine. I'm trying to find the Chinese character.我在猜杂志上的字谜。我在设法猜出那个汉字。
9．receive[ri'si:v] v.“接到”，指收到物品时的动作，动作本身有一定的被动性，不包含本身是否愿意接受的意思。例如：
①He received a good education at the university.
他在大学受过良好教育。
②You will receive a warm welcome when you come to China.
你来到中国时，会受到热烈欢迎。
【注意】试比较： accept v.“接受”，指经过考虑，由主观意志来决定是否同意接受，动作者本身是主动的。例如：
①He accepted the job of Professor of Physics, but asked for very little money.
他应聘当了物理学教授，但并不要求高工资。
②We can't accept their suggestions.
我们不能接受他们的建议。
10．happen的一些用法
1) happen原意为“发生”。如：
①Don't worry, something may happen. There are always ways.
不要着急，也许会有新情况。总会有办法的。
②You'd better wait and see what happens.
你最好等一等，看情况怎样发展。
2)happen to.(某人)发生了什么事，或(某物)发生了什么情况，怎么了。如：
①Has anything happened to him?
他出什么事了吗？
②What finally happened to the boy?
这男孩最后怎样了？
③What has happened to the recorder?录音机怎么了？
④ I don't see your TV set. What's happened to it?
我没看到你的电视机，到哪儿去了？
3)happen后面接不定式时，意为“碰巧”、“恰好”。如：
①Someone in the office happened to notice her.
办公室碰巧有人注意到她。
②I happened to be out when he called.
他来访时我刚好出去了。
【注】当happen后面的不定式所表示的动作正在进行或已经完成时，需要用不定式的进行时或完成时。
①It happened to be raining when I arrived in London.
我到达伦敦的时候，碰巧在下雨。
②My brother happened not to have seen the note.
我兄弟碰巧没有看到那张条子。
③She happened to have heard of the place.
她碰巧听说过这个地方。
④Helen happened to be singing in the next room.
海伦碰巧在隔壁屋里唱歌。
4)用在It(so)happened that…的句型中，此时，that引导的从句是真正的主语。同时，此种复合句可以和简单句互换。如：
①It(so) happened that I had no money with me.
= I happened to have no money with me.
我碰巧身上没带钱。
②It happened that I knew his address.
=I happened to know his address.
我碰巧知道他的地址。
5)happen to还可用在疑问句和条件从句中，表示婉转的语气。如：
①Do you happen to know his phone nunber?
你知道他的电话号码吗？
②If you happen to be in the teacher's office, would you ask Mr Wang about it?如果你有机会到教师办公室里去，可否问问王老师有关此事的情况？
▲请注意 happen与 take place用法上的区别：
take place作“发生”解释时词义与happen大致相同，但它更多地用于事先计划或预想到的事物，没有“偶然”之意，常可引申为“进行”、“举行”。如：
①Great changes have taken place in the town in the last two years.
两年以来，这个镇上发生了巨大的变化。(不用happen)
②When will the sports meet take place?
运动会什么时候举行？(不用happen)
11．support[s+'p&:t] vt.“支持”、“拥护”。例如：
①I support your proposal.我支持你的建议。
②The students all supported us.
学生们都拥护我们。
③These measures were supported by all democratic parties.
这些措施受到了各民主党派的拥护。
④This is a theory well-supported by facts.
这是一个有大量事实作依据的理论。
【注意】support 还可以作“支撑、搀扶”；“养活、维持生活”解。例如：
⑤The bridge is strong enough to support heavy trucks.
这座桥经得起重型卡车通过。
⑥Just then an old man entered, supported by a boy.
就在这时候，一个男孩搀着一位老大爷走了进来。
⑦His parents could not support him in the old days.
在旧社会他父母养活不了他。
⑧Air, food and water are necessary to support life.
空气、食物和水是维持生活所必需的。
重要词组短语
1．as a result 意为“(由于……的)结果；因此”。常用在有上下文(表示原因)的情况下。as a(the) result of…表示“由于……(的结果)”。例如：
①It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden.
这儿夏天不常下雨，因此我们不得不给菜园浇水。
②He wasn't ready in time. As a result, we went without him.
因他未及时准备好，我们没等他就先走了。
③He had a headache. As a result, I went there instead of him.
因为他头痛，所以我替他去那儿了。
④As a result of the storm, many crops were washed away.
由于一场暴风雨，许多庄稼被冲走了。
⑤As the result of her hard work, she caught up with her classmates.
由于努力学习，她赶上了她的同班同学。
2．ask for 的不同含义
ask for在不同情况下有不同译法。例如：
①You can write to VOA English and ask for any information you need.
你可以写信给美国之音英语节目索要你所需要的任何有关资料。
②If you get into trouble, don't hesitate to ask for help.
你要是碰到麻烦，要赶快向人求助。
③She sent me a postcard asking for your address.
她寄给我一张明信片，要你的地址。
3．be fond of 喜欢
be fond of相当于 like， take pleasure in， be full of love for．如：
①I am fond of singing.
我喜欢唱歌。
②Jack and Helen are fond of skating in winter.
杰克和海伦喜欢在冬天滑冰。
③My friend James is very fond of playing chess.
我的朋友詹姆士非常喜欢下棋。
【注】 fond指惯常的爱好，不指一时的爱好，如不能说 I am fond of taking a walk now.而要说：I would like to take a walk now.否定句中常用not care to do来代替 be not fond of doing。如：
①I don't care to go there.我不愿到那里去。
②He did not care to meet these people.
他不愿见到这些人。
4．by the time 通常可以引导一个时间状语从句。表示到过去的某一个动作发生为止。其主句通常用过去完成时态。例如：
①By the time he was fourteen years old, he had learned maths all by himself.
到他十四岁为止，他已经自学了数学。
②By the time we finished our work, it had already stopped raining.
等我们完成工作时，雨已经停了。
5．go on with 表示“继续做某事”。例如：
①With the pay that he received and saved, he went on with his studies at university, where he received a doctor's degree in 1905.
他靠挣工资攒下一些钱，继续读完大学，并于1905年获得了博士学位。
②After having a cup of coffee, he went on with the lecture.
喝了杯咖啡之后，他继续讲课。
③Go on with your research work.
继续做你们的研究工作。
6．lead to 意为“引起、造成、导致”，后跟名词或代词。例如：
①The accident led to many deaths.
那次事故使许多人死亡。
②His carelessness led to his failure.
他的粗枝大叶导致他的失败。
③Too much work and too little rest leads to illness.
工作太多，休息太少，常会引起疾病。
④In given conditions, a bad thing can lead to good results.
在一定的条件下，坏事可产生好结果。
7．learn…by himself(=teach himself) 意为“自学”。其中 by短语表示“通过某种方式”。例如：
①He began to learn English by himself at the age of seven.
他七岁时即开始自学英语。
②It is more difficult for us to learn English by ourselves.
我们自学英语就更困难了。
③Wise men learn by other men's mistakes; fools, by their own.
聪明的人从别人的错误中学习，傻子才从自己的错误中学习。(谚语)
8．stick to. 坚持、固守。如：
①One should always stick to his stand.
一个人应该永远坚持立场。
②I stick to what I said yesterday.
我仍然坚持我昨天说过的话。
③Teachers must stick to this rule.
教师必须坚守这条规定。
④Don't stick to your own opinion.
不要固执己见。
▲stick to和 insist on，persist in，都可译作“坚持”，但意思有所不同，
stick to多用于“坚持”原则、计划、决定、诺言、意见等。 insist on多用于“坚持”看法、主张。 persist一般用于“坚持”行动，有时用于“固执己见”或“坚持不改”。如：
①She insisted on her correctness.
她坚持认为自己是正确的。
②They insisted on leaving right away.
他们坚持要马上走。
③He persists in reading in bed.
他偏要在床上看书。
④Why do you persist in doing so?
你怎么老是这么干？
9．work out 的用法
1)意为“算出”、“解出”(=get the results for)。例如：
①She can work out those problems easily.
她能很容易地解出那些习题。
②He said he could work this puzzle out, and he did do.
他说他能解这道难题，他的确解出来了。
③Can you work out how much it costs to build the dam?
你能把建坝的费用算出来吗？
2) work out意为“按某种方式发展，结果”。
①How will things work out?事情将成什么样子？
②Things work out quite well.事情结果不错。
3) work out还可表示“做大量运动锻炼”。
I work out every day to keep fit.我每天努力锻炼身体以保持健康。
4)work sb. out意为“了解某人的禀性”。
I've never been able to work her out.
我一向无法了解她。
5) work sth. out意为“计算出，弄明白，设计、计划某事”。
①I've worked out your share of the expenses at ￡10.
我已算出你应分摊的费用是十英镑。
②Can you work out what these squiggles mean?
你能辨认出这些潦草的字迹是什么意思吗？
③The general worked out a new plan of attack.
将军制订出新的进攻方案。
　
常用句型结构
1．It appeared to me that the experience was useful.
appear在此是 link verb，也可在后跟不定式，意思为“看起来是，似乎是”；与seem相似。appear侧重从表面看来或观察到的角度；而seem暗示有一定根据做出的判断，往往要经过思维推断。例：
①It appeared to me that she enjoyed the food very much.
我看她好像很喜欢吃这种食品。
②He appeared to have heard of the news.他似乎已经听到了这个消息。
③It seemed that the manager was very angry.似乎经理很生气。
2．He found it hard to get along with the boys.
1) it为形式宾语， hard为宾补； to get…boys为真正宾语。在一个含有复合宾语(即：宾语+宾补)的句子中，当宾语为动词不定式或从句时，则必须用it作形式宾语，而把真正宾语置于句末。如：
①I found it easy to get on with Tom.我觉得与汤姆相处很容易。
②He thought it best to be on his guard.他认为最好还是要保持警惕。
③They kept it quiet that she was dead.他们对于她的死保密。
2)当宾语为动词-ing形式时，可以把动词-ing置于宾补前，也可用it作形式宾语，而把动词-ing后置。如：
You must find it exciting working here.(或)：You must find working here exciting. 你一定会发现在这儿工作是令人兴奋的。
3)句中 get along/on with…意为“与……相处”；“进展”。
①He could not get along/on with anyone.他跟谁都合不来。
②How are you getting on these days? 近来日子过得怎么样？
③They get along well with the new comer. 他们与新来的人相处很好。
　

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