| 06-07学年度高三毕业班英语重点词法类复习专练
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06-07学年度高三毕业班英语重点词法类复习专练 一. 冠 词 1. 冠词的泛指和特指用法 泛指是指首次提到的，不限定的人或事物。特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物，或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定意义的人或事物．也可以是指说话者双方心目中所默认的特指的人或事物。冠词的泛指和特指用法可归纳为下表： 单数可数名词一定要用冠词 泛指单一，每一，仁义事物 指类别 特指 上文提到过的事物 被限制性修饰语所限定的事物 说话双方所默认的事物 世界上独一无二的事物 指类别 复数可数名词不可数名词 特指 上文提到过的事物 被限制性修饰语所限定的事物 说话双方所默认的事物 零冠词 泛指的一些事物 指类别 不定冠词修饰可数名词．其意思为“一个”；定冠词既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词，往往表特指．其意思相当于“这个”，单数可数名词只要不用在抽象化的语境中，一定要加冠词(或者加不定冠词，或者加定冠词)。这时不妨可用“一个”或“这个(种)”来检验。 （1）---Have you seen _____ pen? I left it here this morning. ---Is it _____ black one? I think I saw it somewhere. A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a （2）Most animal have little connection with _____ animals of _____ different kind unless they kill them for food. A. the; a B. /; a C. the; the D. /; / 2．不定冠词a(n)的几种特殊用法 （1）不定冠词a(n)用于有或没有形容词修饰的抽象名词前。 Many people agreed that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today. 许多人都持相同的看法，在当前国际贸易交往中，英语知识是必备的知识。 （2）不定冠词s(n)用于有形容词修饰的一日二餐前。 Before I go to work every morning, I’ve a light breakfast. 我每天早晨上班前．吃点简单的早餐。 （3）不定冠词a(n)用于有形容词修饰的季节、日期前。 The traffic accident happened on a Sunday towards the end of July. 车祸是7月底的一个星期天发生的。 （4）不定冠词a(n)用于序数词前，表示一次，又一。 How important it is to learn a second language! 再学一门语言是多么重要啊! （5）不定冠词a(n)表示“per”的意思。 His income is one thousand yuan a month. 他的月收入是1000元。 （6）不定冠词a(n)用于有good／great many修饰的名词复数前。 I’ve visited the Great Wall a good many times. 我参观过长城好多次。 ’ （7）不定冠词a(n)用于形式为复数，但意义仍为单数的名词前。 A thousand miles is a good distance. 一千英里是相当远的距离。 （8）不定冠词a(n)用于一些原来是动词的名词前。 Let’s have a walk around the playground after supper. （9）有一些抽象名词：advice(忠告)，behavior(行为)，fortune(运气)，fun(娱乐)，information(情报)，progress(进步)，damage(损害)，harm(伤害)等，即使被形容词修饰，也不加不定冠词。 Karl Marx gave us some advice on how to learn foreign language well. 卡尔•马克思就怎样学好外语，提出了许多建议。 （10）用在某些固定词组中。 A few, a little, a lot of, a bit, a couple of, all of a sudden(突然), as a matter of fact(实际上), in a hurry(匆忙的), in a word(简言之), have a good time(玩得愉快), do sb. a favour(帮忙), pay a visit to(访问), as a rule(惯例), as a whole(总之), in a day or two(一两天), in a way(在某种程度上), of a size(大小相同), have a word with sb.(与…交谈), make a living(谋生), take a pride in(自豪), take a walk(break, bath, seat)(散步(休息、洗澡、就座)), a great deal of(大量), be a pity(遗憾), have a cold(headache, fever)(感冒(头痛、发烧)), many a(许多), catch a cold(感冒). 3．用冠词与不用冠词的差异 在某些习惯用语中，用还是不用冠词，意义不同，有时甚至差别很大，使用时要特别注意。 at table 进餐 at the table 在桌子旁 in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院里 by sea 乘船（由海路） by the sea 在海边 go to sea 当水手 go to the sea 去海边 in future 从今以后，将来 in the future 未来 on earth 究竟 on the earth 在地球上，在世上 go to school (church…) 上学（做礼拜…） go to the school (church…) 到学校（教堂）去 in front of 在…（外部的）前面 in the front of 在…（内部的）前面 on horseback 骑着马 on the horseback 在马背上 take place 发生 take the place of 代替 two of us 我们当中的两人 the two of us 我们两人（共计两人） out of question 毫无疑问，一定 out of the question 不可能 on the whole = in general 大体上，一般地 as a whole = altogether 全部地，整体 A most important meeting 一个重要的会议 the most important meeting 最重要的会议 A third time 又一次 the third time 第三次 at a distance 稍远一些 in the distance 在远处 A number of 许多 the number of …的数目 for a moment 一会儿 for the moment 目前，暂时 be in charge of 负责… be in the charge of 由…负责，在…掌管之下 by day 在白天 by the day 按日计算 in possession of 拥有 in the possession of 为…所有 in sight of 能看见 in the sight of 据…的见解 in place of 代替 in the place of 在…的地方 be of age 成年 be of an age 同龄 take advice 征求意见 take the advice 听从劝告 He is still in office. 他仍在执政 He is still in the office. 他仍在办公室里 1. Paper money was in _____ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _____thirteenth century. A. the; / B. the; the C. /; the D. /; / 2. It is not rare in _____ that people in _____ fifties are going to university for further education. A. 90s; their B. the 90s; / C. 90s; . D. the 90s; their 3. Summer in _____ south of France are for _____ most part dry and sunny. A. /; a B. the; / C. /; / D. the; the 4. Most animals have little connection with _____ animals of _____ different kind unless they hunt them for food. A. the; a B. /; a C. the; the D. /; he 5. Mr. Smith, there's a man at _____ front door who says he has _____ news for you of great importance. A. file: / B. the; the C. /; / D. /; the 6. The warmth of _____ sweater will of course be determined by the short of _____ wood used. A. the; file B. die; / C. /; / D. /;/ 7. A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in _____ leg. A. a B one C. the D. his 8. I don't like talking on _____ telephone. I prefer writing _____ letters. A. a; the B. the; / C. the; the D. a; / A. /; the B. /; an C. an; an D. the; the 10. One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain good knowledge of basic word formation. A. / B. the C. a D. one 11. The cakes are delicious. He'd like to have _____ third one because _____ second one is rather too small A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a 12. There' s _____ dictionary on _____ desk by your side. A, a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the 13. ---Where is my blue shirt? ---It' s in the washing machine. You have to wear _____ different one. A. any B. the C. a D. other 14. The sign reads "In case of _____ fire, break the glass and push _____ red button. A. /; a B. /; the C. the; the D. a; a 15. I earn 10 dollars _____ hour as _____ supermarket cashier on Saturdays. A. a; an B. the; a C. an; a D. an; the 2006全国各省市高考试卷中的冠词试题: 1．(全国卷I）30.—Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? —Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here. A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one 2．(全国卷2)19. I know you don’t like _______ music very much. But what do you think of _______ music in the film we saw yesterday? A. /; / B. the; the C. the; / D. /; the 3．(北京卷)26. --- I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over ______ keyboard. --- You shouldn’t put drinks near ________ computer. A. the; 不填 B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. a; a 4．(重庆卷)25.Everywhere man has cut down _______ forests in order to grow crops，or to use ______ wood as fuel or as building material. A. the; the B. the;/ C./；the D./；/ 5．(辽宁卷)21.Of all reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father’s advice was most important one. A. the; a B.不填；a C.不填;the D. the; the 6．(陕西卷)15.According to _________World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent _________ spread of AIDS. A. the;不填 B. the; the C. a; a D.不填;the 7．(湖南卷)22.In___________ review of 44 studies, American researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of ___________ heart disease by 76%. A. a; the B. the; a C. a;不填 D.不填;a 8．(浙江卷)3. Don’t worry if you can’t come to _____ party. --- I’ll save _____ cake for you.(+代词) A. the ; some B. a ; much C. the ; any D. a ; little 9．(山东卷)21. For him ____ stage is just ___ means of making a living. A. a; a B. the; a C. the ; the D. a; the Keys: 1-5 BDBCD BCAB 二.名词 一、考点聚焦 1.可数名词单、复数变化形式 （1）规则变化。 ①单数名词词尾直接加-s。如：boy — boys, pen — pens。 ②以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。如：glass — glasses,box— boxes, watch — watches, brush — brushes。 特例：stomach — stomaches。 ③以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es”。如： baby — babies, lady — ladies, fly — flies。 ④以“o”结尾的多数加-es。如：tomato — tomatoes, potato — potatoes, hero — heroes。但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。 如：radio — radios, zoo — zoos, photo — photos, piano — pianos, kilo — kilos, tobacco — tobaccos。 ⑤以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”，之后再加-es。如：wife — wives, life — lives, knife — knives, wolf— wolves, self — selves, leaf — leaves等。特例：handkerchief— handkerchiefs, roof — roofs, chief — chiefs, gulf — gulfs, belief — beliefs, cliff — cliffs。 ⑥改变元音字母的。如：man — men, mouse — mice, foot — feet, woman — women, tooth — teeth, goose — geese, ox — oxen。特例：child — children。 ⑦复合名词的复数形式。（A）在复合词中最后名词尾加-s。如：armchair — armchairs, bookcase — bookcases, bookstore — book- stores。（B）man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时，前后两个名词都要变成复数。如：man doctor — men doctors, woman driver — women dri- vers。（C）与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加-s。如：brother-in-law — brothers-in-law, passer-by — passers-by。 ⑧有的名词有两种复数形式。如：zero — zeros 、zeroes, deer — deers 、deer。penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同。如：pence（便士的钱数），pennies(便士的枚数)。 （2）不规则变化。 ①单、复数同形。如：means, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese, sheep, works（工厂）,cattle。 ②合成名词的复数。如：boy-friend — boy-friends, go-between— go-betweens(中间人)，grown-up — grown-ups。 ③有些名词通常只用作复数。如：glasses眼镜，clothes衣服，goods 货物，trousers裤子，belongings所有物,wages工资，riches财富, surroundings环境，ashes灰尘, campasses圆规，cattle家畜，congratulations祝贺，have words with sb. 同某人吵架，in high spirits以很高热情地，give one’s regards to sb.向某人问侯，in rags衣衫破烂，It is good manners to do sth.有礼貌做某事。 ④集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：people, cattle, police; 有些名词只用作单数，如：machinery, furniture, mankind, jewellery;有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看做整体，复数看做集体的各个成员。如：The crew is large.船员人数很多（指整体）；The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了（个体）。 2、不可数名词的数 （1）一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下： ①抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如： 抽象名词（不可数） 具体化（个体名词，可数名词） in surprise惊讶地 a surprise一件令人惊讶的事 win success获得成功 a success一个(件)成功的人(事) win honor赢得荣誉 an honor一个(件)引以为荣的(事) Failure(失败)is the mother of success a failure失败者 失败是成功之母。 by experience靠经验 an experience一次经历 youth青春 a youth一个青年人 have pity on sb.怜悯某人 a pity可惜的事情 with pleasure乐意 a pleasure乐事 ②抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如： A knowledge of English is a must in international trade. Would you like to have a walk(swim, bath, talk)with me? It is waste of time reading such a novel. She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings. (2)物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类之多时，可以用作可数名词。如： ①物质名词有形或数的相应物体，有单、复数。如：some coffee一些咖啡，a coffee一杯咖啡，three coffees三杯咖啡，some drink一些饮料, a drink一杯饮料，three drinks三杯饮料，his hair他的头发，a few grey hairs几根白发，glass玻璃，a glass一只玻璃杯。 ②物质名词有前置后置修饰时，前面要使用不定冠词。 have breakfast The road is covered with snow. have a wonderful breakfast They have a heavy snow every year. Time and tide wait for no man. We had a wonderful time last night. (3)有复数形式的不可数名词 ①有些抽象名词往往以复数形式出现，起到一种丰富语言感情色彩或强调某种特殊状态的作用。如： Use your brains, please. They have smoothed away the difficulties. Have you made preparations for tomorrow’s meeting? Many thanks for your kindness. No pains, no gains. After many failures, they finally succeeded. ②有些物质名词以复数形式出现，表示数量之多，范围之广。如： The boy burst into tears at the bad news. The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops. The stone bridge broke down in heavy rains. 3.名词所有格 （1）“’s”所有格的特殊表示形式有： 3 用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后，如：today’s newspaper,five minutes’walk(drive),five pounds’weight, tend ollars’worth of coffee。 ②用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后。如：the earth’s planet, the word’s population, China’s industry, New York’s parks。 （2）“of”所有格的特殊表示方式有： ①表示“部分”时，一般在所修饰的名词前有一个表示数量的词（a、two、several、some、no、many等），如：Some students of Mister Zhang’s have gone to college.张老师的一些学生已经上大学了。 ②表示“其中之一，其中一部分”的意思时，用：a friend of Tom’s 汤姆的一个朋友（许多朋友中的一位）。 ③表示赞扬、批评或厌恶等感情色彩时，应该用：that/this/these/ those + 名词（单、复数）of Mary’s/yours/his/hers。如： That invention of hers belongs to the world. 她的那项发明是属于全世界的（表赞赏）。 4、名词作定语 英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。 （1）分类意义。 air pollution 空气污染 boy friend 男朋友 coffee cup咖啡杯 income tax所得税 tennis ball网球 song writer歌曲作家 body language身体语言 road accident交通事故 Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖 （2）时间、地点、称呼等。 Doctor Jack杰克医生 Professor Li李教授 evening school夜校 winter sleep冬眠 street dance 街舞 country music乡村音乐 village people村民 school education学校教育 China problem中国问题 （3）表目的、手段、来源，所属意义。 reception desk接待台 sports field田径场 stone table石桌 color TV彩电 weather report天气预报 二、精典名题导解 选择填空 1. It is generally believed that teaching is ___________it is a science. (NMET 2001) A.an art much as B.much an art as C.as an art much as D.as much an art as 解析：答案为D。当名词前有what、so、as、too、quite等词修饰时，其形容词被这些词修饰，组成下列结构，如：What a nice book! This is too heavy a box for me to carry. He is not as honest a boy as Mike.等，应采取too/how + 形容词（副词）+ a(an) + 名词的形式。要记住一些类似的特殊结构，并加以分析。 2. The police are offering a __________to anyone who can give information about the lost key.（NMET 1999） A.price B.prize C.reward D.money 解析：答案为C。price 价格，价钱；prize奖金。Ｄ项是钱，属不可数名词，题中所要填的是“酬金，报酬”。注意正确理解名词的含义及其搭配是活用语言的基础，在复习备考中要熟练掌握考纲中一些名词的词义、搭配、习惯等，才能更好辨析名词，从而选择最符合句意的选项。 3.You’ll find this map of great _____________in helping you to get round London.（NMET 1998） A.price B.cost C.value D.usefulness 解析：答案为C。本题考查特定语境中名词的词义及“be of + 抽象名词”结构。Price (价格)，cost（价钱，费用，成本）不符合题意，value作“quality of being useful or desirable”解时，常与of搭配，在句中作表语或补语，意为“有用，有价值”。故选择value。注意名词词义辨异及惯用法表达，题中“of + 抽象名词”相当于该名词的形容词形式。 练习.名词 1. The ____ of the room were covered with ____. A. roofs, leafs B. roofs, leavesC. rooves, leafs D. rooves, leaves 2. There are three ____ in our factory. A. woman doctors B. women doctors C. woman doctor D. women doctor 3. Which do you prefer ____ or ____? A. potatos, tomatos B. potatos, tomatoesC. potatoes, tomatosD. potatoes, tomatoes 4. They are ____ of different presses(出版社). Now they are having a meeting in one of the ____ office. A. editor-in-chiefs, editors-in-chief’s B. editors-in-chief, editor-in-chief’s C. editors-in-chiefs, editor’s-in-chief’s D. editors-in-chief, editors-in-chief’s 5. The ant has two ____. A. stomaches B. stomacks C. stomach D. stomachs 6. He doesn’t like ____ for supper. A. chick B. chicken C. chickens D. chicks 7. It was ____ hot weather that many of us went swimming. A. so B. such C. so as D. such a 8. ____ wonderful space they saw on the room! A. How B. How a C. What D. What a 9. We know ____ travels not so fast as light. A. sound B. sounds C. the sounds D. a sound 10. My family raise a lot of ____, including two ____. A. cattle, cows B. cows, cattle C. cattles, cowsD. cow, cattles 11. A number of soldiers ____ at the camp gate. A. have gathered B. has gathered C. is D. was 12. The Browns have spent a large ____ of money on their new car. A. deal B. amount C. number D. size 13. ____ work has been done to improve the people’s living standard. A. Many B. A great many C. A great deal of D. A number of 14. Mr Li shook ____ warmly with a friend. A. hand B. a hand C. hands D. the hands 15. Two ____, please. A. coffee B. coffees C. cup of coffee D. cups coffee 16. I can’t pay as ____ as he asked for. A. high price a B. high price C. a high price D. high a price 17. ____ knowledge of space develops rapidly. A. Man’s B. Men’s C. Mens’ D. Person’s 18.I stayed at ____. A. Xiao Wang’s B. Wang’s home C. the Wangs D. home of Wang 19. Sister Carrie works in a ____ factory. A. shoes B. shoses C. shoe D. shoe’s 20. Have you ever read ____? A. today newspaper B. newspaper today C. newspaper of today D. today’s newspaper 21. Two ____ walk didn’t made me tired. A. hour B. hours C. hour’s D. hours’ 22. The mother over there is ____ mother. A. Julia and Mary B. Julia and Mary’s C. Julia’s and Mary’s D. Julia’s and Mary 23. Li Ming’s handwriting is better than ____ in the class. A. anyone’s B. anyone else C. anyone’s else’s D. anyone else’s 24. The children are playing ____ on the ____. A. sand, sand B. sands, sands C. sand, sands D. sands, sand 25. If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller ____. A. set B. one C. copy D. pair 26. Tom usually takes a ____ in bus on rainy days. A. walk B. ride C. trip D. travel 27. We have no ____ about where she has gone. A. information B. news C. message D. flash 28. Food and ____ are daily necessities（需要）for the people. A. cloth B. clothe C. clothes D. clothing 29. My ____ of hearing is not so good as it used to be. A. strength B. sense C. power D. skill 30. The ____ caused by carelessness ____ yesterday. Many workers were killed. A. incident, was happened B. matter, happened C. event, was taken place D. accident, took place 31. The room was so quiet that she could hear the ____ of her heart. A. beating B. ways C. knocking D. striking 32. ____ has been told not to throw waste things anywhere. A. The public B. People C. Women D. Man 33. He was an ____ in the government ____. A. office, official B. official, office C. officer, office D. official, officer 34. There are several ____ in this novel who are different in ____. A. character, character B. characters, characters C. character, characters D. characters, character 35. We visited him ____ when he was in hospital. A. every other days B. each other day C. every other day D. every two day 36. My friend will return in ____. A. one day or two B. a day or two C. one day or two D. a or two days 37. ____ is always difficult for me. A. Translation B. Translate C. The translation D. A translation 38. ____ of this novel is excellent, quite to my surprise. A. Translation B. Translate C. The translation D. A translation 39. The police ____ looking into the matter now. A. be B. is C. are D. are going to 40. The Chinese are ____ brave and hard working people. A. the B. a C. / D. one 41. No news ____ good news. A. is B. are C. have D. has 42. Maths still ____ very difficult for me, though I have done my best. A. looks B. seems C. is D. are 43. “Where ____ my trousers?” the boy asked. A. is B. was C. were D. are 44. How happy they are! Obviously, they are ____. A. in nice spirits B. in nice spiritC. in high spirits D. in high spirit 45. I saw many ____ seated in the corner reading something. A. Japanese B. Japaneses C. of Japanese D. of Japaneses 46. Father went to his doctor for ____ about his heart trouble. A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices 47. We are ____ and they are ____. A. Englishmen, Germans B. Englishmen, German C. Englishmans, Germans D. Englishmen, Germen 48. ____ are made of ____. A. A glass, a glass B. Glasses, glass C. The glass, the glass D. Glasses, glasses 49. I’ll have to buy ____ trousers. A. a B. two C. a pair of D. a couple of 50. There are two ____ in our class. A. Liu B. Lius C. Liu’s D. Lius’ 51. ____ is needed in cold countries. A. A lot of clothes B. Much clothing C. Many a cloth D. Lots of clothes 52. They are ____. A. mathematics student B. mathematic students C. students in mathematics D. mathematics students 53. The laboratory assistant recorded the ____ reactions（反应）. A. mouses’ B. mice C. mices’ D. mice’s 54. This letter was sent by ____. A. my father friend B. my father friend’s C. a friend of my father’s D. a friend of my father 55. Ten years had passed. I found she had ____. A. a little white hair B. some white hair C. a few white hair D. a few white hairs 56. I have made ____ with Billy. A. friends B. friend C. a friend D. the friend 57. The population of Beijing is ____ than that of Xi’an. A. more B. larger C. fewer D. small 58. There are thirty-two ____ in our school. A. woman teacher B. women teacher C. women teachers D. woman teachers 59. He had tried everything but it made little______ . A. use B. good C. difference D. result 60. You must get there within half an hour. There should be no______ in sending the blood to the dying man. A. wait B. delay C. time D. hurry 61. Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any______ . A. excuse B. sense C. use D. value 62. -How dare you play on such thin ice? -Playing on ice is not my ______of spare time. A. idea B. thought C. mind D. intention 63. Helen said she would like to go to Atlanta by air, but I wonder if she has enough money to pay for the______ . A. travel B. tourism C. journey D. course 64. One splendid mountain______ followed another during our journey from Mieheel more to Rurunz. A. view B. glance C. screen D. scene 65.The new law will come into ___on the day it is passed. A. effect B. use C. service D. existence 66. When you play' football, what ______do you play? A. situation B. place C. part D. position 67. It's important for us to employ a word or a phrase according to the______in language studies. A. situation B. expression C. condition D. translation 68. I wrote him a letter to show my ______of his thoughtfulness. A. achievement B. agreement C. view D. appreciation 69. One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high-rise is that you can get a good______ . A. sight B. scene C. view D. look 70. Nowadays natural gas, wind and other forms of ______are widely used in the country. A. energy B. force C. power D. materials 71. ______with foreign countries can bring us much information about the world. A. Contrast B. Competition C. Contact D. Combination 72. We all know that______speak louder than words. A. movements B. performances C. operations D. actions 73.We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into ___.(NMET1997 38) A. fact B. reality C. practice D. deed 74.We've missed the last bus. I'm afraid we have no ____but to take a taxi.(Met 1993 ,33) A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection 75.He dropped the ___and broke it . (Met 1993, 38) A. cup of coffee B. coffee's cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup 76.Here's my card. Let's keep in ____. (NMET1994 ,33) A. touch B. relation C. connection D. friendship 77.He gained his ___by printing ___of famous writers.(NMET1995,40) A. wealth; work B. wealths ; works C. wealths; work D. wealth; works 78.I'll look into the matter as soon as possible , just have a little ___.(MET 1996 ,10) A. wait B. time C. patience D. rest 79.If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a ____.(NMET1997,18) A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice 80.These football players had no strict ___until they joined our club. (1997.上海 20) A. practice B. education C. exercise D. training 81.Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of ___.(1996.上海.15) A. energy B. source C. power D. material 82.You'll find this map of great __in helping you to get round London.(NMET 1998 21) A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness 83.We all know that ___speak louder than words.(1999.上海 24) A. movements B. performances C. operations D. actions 84.My parents always let me have my own ____of living. (1999.上海25) A. way B. method C. manner D. fashion 1~5 BBDDD 6~10 BBCAA 11~15 ABCCB 16~20 DAACD 21~25 DBDCD 26~30 BADBD 31~35 AABDC 36~40 BACCB 41~45 ABDCA 46~50 BABCB 51~55 BDDCD 56~60 ABCCB 61~65 BACAA 66~70 DADCA 71~75 CDCBD 76~80 ADCAD 81~84 ACDA 2006全国各省市高考试卷中的名词试题: 1．(全国卷2)11. It is no _______ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind. A. use B. help C. time D. way 2．(上海春)41. Put the ___ of your tongue against your upper teeth when you produce the sound. A. tip B. top C. peak D. pole 3．(天津卷)15. Finding information in today’s world is easy. The is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not. A. ability B. competition C. challenge D. knowledge 4．(辽宁卷)32.School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous . A. states B. conditions C. situations D. positions 5．(江西卷)28．It is said that dogs will keep you _________ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely. A. safety B. company C. house D．friend 6．(福建卷)35.Always read the _______ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine. A. explanations B. instructions C. descriptions D. introductions 7．(湖北卷)21. To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their _____ and weaknesses. A. strengths B. benefits C. techniques D. values 8．(湖北卷)23. The ______on his face told me that he was angry. A. impression B. sight C. appearance D. expression 9．(湖北卷)24. At the meeting they discussed three different ______to the study of mathematics. A. approaches B. means C. methods D. ways 10．(广东卷)34. You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of . A. date B. shape C. order D. balance 11．(浙江卷)17. --- If you like I can do some shopping for you. --- That’s a very kind ________. A. offer B. service C. point D. suggestion 12．(北京卷)23. She went to the bookstore and bought _________. A. dozen books B. dozens books C. dozen of books D. dozens of books Keys: AACCB BADAB 11-12 AD 三.代词 1)人称代词： 人称代词分主格和宾格两种，前者在句子中担任主语，后者担任动词或介词的宾语。They study German. / Please pass me the ruler. ①人称代词的用法： a.当代词成对地使用或一个代词与一个名词搭配使用时，两个部分的句法功能必须一致。Li Hong and I went shopping yesterday. It was our teacher who smoothed away the difference between you and me. 注:人称代词的排列一般为：第二人称，第三人称，第一人称。 you, he and I them and us 如有其他代词时，其他代词排列于人称代词之后，如：he, I and some others b.人称代词用作表语时，如说明主语，一般要用主格，如说明宾语则要用宾格。 If I were she, I would take your advice. I would share the room with you if you were him. ②“It”的用法。 a.用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物。 Where is the cat? It’s in the kitchen. Jack is ill. Have you heard about it? My book is missing. I can’t find it anywhere. b.用以代替指示代词this, that。 What’s this? —— It’s a frog. /Whose pen is that? —— It’s mine. c.表示时间，天气，距离等。 A lovely day, isn’t it? /It’s two o’clock. It’s about two li from here to our school. d.用作形式主语，形式宾语，代替不定式短语，动名词或从句。 It’s no use talking with him about that. It took me twenty minutes to get there. We think it important that college students should master at least one foreign language. e.用在强调结构中。为了强调句子的某一成分（通常是主语，宾语或状语），常用强调结构“It is (was) + 被强调成分 + that(或who)…”。 It was Liu Ming that I saw in the street this morning. It was in the classroom that he told me about it. 2)不定代词： ①all / both a.both用于两个人或事物，all用于两个以上的人或事物，均可作主语。 All (of us) like fruits. /Both (of them) are good at English. b.用作同位语。作主语同位语时须注意它们的位置不同，位于行为动词之前；位于be动词之后。 They all (或both) agreed with me. /They are all (或both) very healthy. I know them all (或both). ②one / it（人称代词） one 代替可数名词，表示上面所提到的那一类人或物中的一个，其复数形式带定语时用ones，不带定语时用some。而it则用于指代上文提到的那个表示物的名词本身，既可指单数可数名词也可指不可数名词。 I don’t have a watch but I’m going to buy one（或some）. I have a bicycle. My aunt gave it to me. ③no one / none no one 只用于指人，而none 既可指人也可指物。如果说“若干人（物）之中一个也不”，用“none of”,后接复数名词时，谓语可以用复数，也可用单数；后接不可数名词时，谓语用单数。如： No one told me that he had gone to Shanghai. None of them have（或has）arrived yet.（不用no one） None of the money is mine. ④some / any /no /every +（thing, one, body等。） some 类用于肯定句，any类用于否定和疑问句。 I know nothing of what had happened to him. I have little rice, so I can’t lend you any. She is going to buy some new dresses. 注:everyone和every one 前者意思是“每个人”，与everybody同义，后面不可跟of短语，后者意思是每个人或物，后面跟of短语。试比较： everyone in the classroom（教室里的所有的人） every one of the children（这些孩子中的每一个） every one of the books（这些书中的每一本） ⑤部分否定与全部否定： 当all, both, each和every(body, thing)等表示整体意义的代词与否定词连用时，一般只表示部分否定，如果表示全部否定，应该用none, no one, neither, nobody, nothing等. All of the students were not late for the class. 不是所有学生上课都迟到的。 (现代英语中常写成：Not all the students were late for the class.） None of the students were late for the class.没有一个学生上课迟到的。 3)疑问代词： 用于构成特殊疑问句，其中what, which, whose兼有形容词特征，可以和名词连用。 What job do you want to find? /Whose girl is she? Which subject is your best one? 所有疑问代词都可以起名词作用，在句子中担任成分。 Who told you? /Whom are you waiting for? Whose are those books? 在学习疑问代词时，对以下几组词注意区别： 1 which和what 两者均可与名词连用，就人或物提问。但是which一般用于有一定选择范围的情况，what用于无选择范围或究竟是什么还不清楚的情况。 Which colour do you like—green, red, yellow or brown? What colour is her dress? What writers do you like best? 6 which和who 两者都可作代词，它们的区别是不管选择的范围是大还是小，which一般用作指物。 Which would you like to eat –steak or fish? Who won the game –Smith or Johnson ? 当有一定选择范围时，which one代替who作宾语. Which one do you like better, your mother or your father? Which of可和人称代词或指人的名词连用,如： Which of you has taken away my English book? 4)连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever, whoever等，除起连接作用外，还可以在从句中担当主语，宾语，定语，表语等成分。如： The question is who can operate the new machine.（引导表语从句——作主语） They asked whose idea this was.（引导宾语从句——作定语） When you are older, you can watch whatever programme you like. （引导宾语从句——作定语） I’ll give my ticket to whoever wants it. （这里whoever可看成“anyone who”，or“the person who”）. 试完成下列高考(06年前)单项选择题： 1.We couldn’t eat in a restaurant because _______ of us had ______ money on us. A.all, no B.any, no C.none, any D.no one, any 2.Few pleasures can equal ______ of a cool drink on a hot day. A.some B.any C.that D.those 3.I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _____ it was? A.where B.what C.how D.which 4.The Parkers bought a new house, but _____ will need a lot of work before they can move in. A.they B.it C.one D.which 5.I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______. A.everything B.anything C.something D.nothing (答案1-----5 C C D B A ) 练习（一）、代 词 一、强化训练： 1. New English-Chinese Dictionary has been republished several times,_____ more up to date than the last edition. A. any B. everyone C. either D. each 2. After paying 1,000 dollars_____ ,you'll all become full members of our club. A. each B. all C. every D. both 3._____ was her cruelty that we all hated her. A. It B. What C. That D. Such 4. Mary has been ill in bed for a week. I wonder if she is _____ better now. A. much B. some C. any D. very 5. -Which of these two ties will you take? -I don't like these. Do you have any_____ ? A. one B. other C. ones D. others 6. I' d rather ride a bike as bike riding has _____ of the trouble of taking buses. A. much B. all C. neither D. none 7. I need some blue ink today but there is _____ at hand. A. not B. nothing C. a little D. none 8. I found the very watch of mine _____ I had left _____ . A. where, it B. that, it C. which, one D. where, one 9. I haven't got time to get the tickets. Who's going to ____? A. do so B. do it C. buy it D. do them 10. -Jack certainly has a high opinion of Susan. It can't be better than _____of him. A. hers B. she C. that D. her 11. -Shall we introduce ____ fire-fighting equipment from abroad? -Go ahead, if necessary. A. other B. a few more C. another D. some other 12. -How about the price of these refrigerators? -They are equal in price to, if not cheaper than,_____ at the other stores. A. others B. it C. that D. the ones 13. -I dislike _____ when others laugh at me in public or speak ill of me behind. -So do I. A. them B. those C. it D. that 14. -Which do you prefer, classical music or pop music? -_____. I prefer folk music. A. Either B. Both C. None D. Neither 15. Why don' t you trust and use old Tom? He is still as strong as _____ in the team. A. nobody B. anybody else C. everybody D. somebody else 16. -Are the new methods taking any effect? -Yes,_____ articles are stolen from our supermarket. A. few B. more C. some D. none 17. During the meeting a young man cried out suddenly and threw his notebook at the chairman,_____ brought the room to disorder. A. it B. and which C. and that D. this 18. I've just seen no more than one copy of Gone with the Wind in the bookshop opposite. Tom, go and buy_____ back. A. one B. any C. it D. some 19. -Do you have _____ at home now? -No, we still have to get scores of eggs and some vegetables. A. nothing B. everything C. anything D. something 20. Nancy is expecting another baby and hopes _____ will be a boy. A. he B. that C. it D. there 21. Surely it's _____ with the big nose you mean, not ____! A. he, I B. him, me C. him, I D. he, me 22. The temperature can fall to –30℃. _____ is,30°C below freezing point. A. Which B. It C. That D. This 23. -The exam was easy, wasn't it? -Yes, but I don' t think _____ could pass it. A. somebody B. everybody C. anybody D. nobody 24. Cut the apple into halves so that the twins may each get _____ half. A. every B. each C. another D. either 25. _____ of us can do everything, but all of us can do _____ . A. None, something B. Some, everything C. Few, something D. Few, nothing 26. -May I help you with some gloves, sir? -Yes, I'd like to try those blue ____. A. one B. ones C. pair D. two 27. Of all my friends _____ will be able to persuade Tom to change his mind. He is so firm upon it. A. none B. nobody C. neither D. no one 28. -Is he content to accept our offered price? -Yes. He cares more about the quality. Money is _____ to him. A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something 29. I have no idea which was better, so I took ____ of them. A. both B. none C. all D. any 30. You mustn't always do _____ as he asks you to do. He may be wrong sometimes. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything 31. I'm no painter, and to me, one painting is much like . A. another B. the other C. others D. one 32. I didn't want either of ____ hats and asked the salesman to show me_____. A. those, another B. two, the other C. all, the others D. both, others 33. The children were catching butterflies in the garden. Some caught a lot, and others caught _ at all. A. nothing B. none C. no one D. neither 34. Thank you very much indeed. That' s _____ of you. A. kindest B. most kind C. the kinder D. the most kind 35. Jack is a very likable fellow, but I've learned to take _____ he says with a grain of salt. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 36. -I love you more than her, child. -You mean more than ____ love her or more than she loves ____? A. you, me B. I, you C. you, you D. I, me 练习（二）、代 词 二、高考题选： 1. Was it during the Second World War _____he died? (MET88) A．that B. while C. in which D. then 2. Is _____necessary to take off our shoes when we enter the lab? (MET88H) A．everyone B. this C. her D. it 3．Is _____possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? (MET88) A．now B. that C. it D. man 4．His Parents wouldn't let him marry anyone _____family was poor．(MET88) A．of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose 5．_____leaves the room last ought to turn off the light． (MET88) A．Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 6．_____writer is better known in China，Charcles Dickens or Mark Twain? (MET88) A．Which B. What C. Either D. Whether 7．---Have you seen Tom and Mary? ---I haven' t seen _____of them．(MET88) A．neither B. any C. either D. all 8．Is _____necessary to complete the design before National Day? (MET89) A．this B. that C. it D. he 9．All _____is needed is a supply of oil．(MET89) A．the thing B. that C. what D. which 10．His camera is more expensive than ______．(MET89) A．hers B. her C. it D. its 11．I don't think _____possible to master a foreign language without much memory work．(MET90) A．this B. that C. its D. it 12．______of them knew about the plan because it was kept in a secret．(MET90) A．Each B. Any C. No one D. None 13．He paid the boy ￥10 for washing ten windows，most of _____hadn't been cleaned for at least a year．(MET90) A．these B. those C. that D. which 14．Kate and her sister went to holiday with a cousin of _____．(MET90) A．their B. theirs C. her D. hers 15．I invited Tom and Ann to dinner，but _____of them came．(NMET91) A．neither B. both C. either D. none 16．She heard a terrible noise，_____brought her heart into her mouth．(MET91) A．it B. which C. this D. that 17．We couldn't eat in a restaurant because _____of us had _____money on us．(MET91) A．all; no B. any; no C. none; any D. no one; any 18．These plants are watered _____．(NMET91) A．each other day B. every other day C. each of two days D. every of two days 19．Alice received an invitation from her boss，_____came as a surprise．(NMET91) A．it B. that C. which D. he 20．Does _____matter if he can't finish the job on time? A．this B. that C. he D. it 21．Mr．Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _____who had already taken them．(MET92) A．the ones B. ones C. some D. the others 22．There're so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind _____to buy． (MET92) A．what B. which C. how D. where 23．Although he's wealthy，he spends _____ on clothes．(NME792) A．little B. few C. a little D. a few 24．In the dark street，there wasn't a single person _____ she could turn for help．(MET92) A．that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 25．_____he said at the meeting astonished everybody present．(MET93) A．What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 26．---Would you like some wine? ---Yes，just _____．(MET93) A．little B．very little C．a little D．little bit 27．Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder，but _____didn't help．(MET93) A．he B．which C．she D．it 28．---Is _____here? ---No，Bob and Tim have asked for leave．(MET93) A．anybody B．somebody C．everybody D．nobody 29．---Is your camera like Bill's and Ann's? ---No，but it's almost the same as _____．(NMET94) A．her B．yours C．them D．their 30．The weather turned out to be very good， _____was more than we could expect．(NMET94) A．what B．which C．that D．it 31．_____is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language．(NMET95) A．There B．This C．That D．It 32．They were very tired，but _____of them would stop to take a rest．(NMET95) A．any B．some C．none D．neither 33．I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have _____．(NMET95) A．it B．those C．them D．one 34．---When shall we meet again? --Make it _____day you like; it's all the same to me．(NMET96) A．one B．any C．another D．some 35．Tom felt that he knew everybody's business better than they knew it _____．(NMET96 ) A．themselves B．oneself C．itself D．himself 36．I agree with most of what you said，but I don't agree with _____．(NMET97) A．everything B．anything C．something D．nothing 37．Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers，Now she would like to read_____stories by writers from _____ countries．(NMET97) A．some; any B．other; some C．some; other D．other; other 38．It was about 600 years ago _____ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made．(NMET97) A．that B．until C．before D．when 39．I hate _____when people talk with their mouths full．(NMET98) A．it B．that C．these D．them 40．Dr．Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge．I can't remember _____．(NMET98) A．where B．there C．which D．hat 41．Why do you want a new job _____you've got such a good one already? (NMET98) A．that B．where C．which D．when 42．It was only when I reread his poems recently _____I began to appreciate their beauty．(NMET98) A．until B．that C．then D．so 43．Few pleasures can equal _____of a cool drink on a hot day．(NMET99) A．some B．any C．that D．those 44． If you want to change for a double--room you'll have to pay _____$15．(NMET2000 ) A．another B．other C．more D．each 45．---Why don't we take a little break? ---Didn't we just have _____? (NMET2000) A．it B．that C．one D．this 46．It is the ability to do the job _____matters not where you come from or what you are．(NMET2000 ) A．one B．that C．what D．it 47．If this dictionary is not yours，_____can it be? (NMET2001) A．what else B．who else C．which else's D．who else's 48．Many people have helped with canned food，however，the food bank needs _____for the poor．(2001春招) A．more B．much C．many D．most 49．The Parkers bought a new house but _____will need a lot of work before they can move in．(NMET2001) A．they B．it C．one D． which 50．---He was nearly drowned once.（2002春招） ---When was _____? ---_____was in 1998 when he was in middle school. A. that; it B. this; this C. this; it D. that; this 一、强化训练： 1. D 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. D 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. A 11. D 12. D 13. C 14. D 15. B 16. A 17. C 18. C 19. B 20. C21. B 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. A 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. D 36. A 二、高考题选： 1．A 这是一个强调句式的一般疑问句。 2．D it是形式主语，to不定式是真正主语。 3．C 参看2题。 4．D family与先行词anyone之间是所属关系。 5．C 在主语从句中，whoever充当主语，指代人，相当于anyone who。而C项who也可引导名词性从句，但它具体指"是谁"。 6．A 特殊疑问句中的选择，用which。 7．C 前一句只提到两个人。neither，either，both仅用于表述两者的情况，而any，all表述多者的情况，且I haven't seen either of them相当于I have seen neither of them。 8．C 可参看2、3题。 9．B all是先行词，that 引导定语从句，且all that=what。 10．A His camera是句子的主语，也是信息词，应填名词性的物主代词hers，它相当于her camera。 11．D it是形式宾语，to master…是真正宾语。此句还可说成I don't think it is possible to…。可参看2、3、8题。 12．D A、B项不符合句意。C项no one后不接of短语。 13．D which是定语从句中的关系代词，指代上文的windows。A、B、C项不能引导定语从句，且填进去后，两个分句缺少连词。 14．B 可参看10题。 15．A 前文提到邀请两个人，两个人都没来，故用neither参看7题。 16．B which引导非限定性定语从句。which指代前面一句话。如果两个分句是由and连接，则A、C、D项也对。 17．C A项中的all放在否定句中，是部分否定，与上文we couldn't eat in a restaurant矛盾，B项不符语法，n项no one后不接of短语，且只指代人。 18．B every other day每隔一天，是习惯用法。 19．C which在非限定性定语从句中指代前面一句话。可参看16题。 20．D 考生非常熟悉It doesn't matter这一句型，该题现在是一般疑问句，it是matter的主语，if引导条件状语从句。 21．A C、D项不能做定语从句的先行词来指代上文的the pupils，只能用the ones，因为它被限定性定语从句所修饰，表特指。该句的意思是："张先生把教科书分给了所有的学生，那些已经拿走了的学生除外。" 22．B 原题中的so many kinds of tape-recorders暗示考生要买的是录音机，故排除A项。因为有这么多种类，因此不能决定买哪个。C、D项是连接副词，不能做buy的宾语。 23．A B、D项应排除，它们指代可数名词的复数。全句意为："虽然他很富有，但很少花钱买衣服。"故C项不符句意。 24．D turn at sb．for help是惯用法，在定语从句中把to提前与whom构成介词十关系代词。 25．A 主语从句中缺少宾语，故what充当。 26．C 原题中的答语Yes暗示考生应选表示肯定意义的a little．A、B项表示否定意义。 27．D it指代前面一句话。因有but，故前后为并列句，不用关系代词(which)只用代词it。 28．C Is everybody here?"都到齐了吗"，Is anybody here?"这里有人吗?"B项some body可用在表示征求对方意见，并希望得到对方肯定回答的问句里。D项不符原题句意。 29．B 参看10、14题。 30．B 参看16、19题。 31．D it是形式主语，that从句是真正主语。如果fact前有the修饰，就可选B或C项，that引导同位语从句。 32．C but是关键词，表转折，该句意为"他们非常疲劳，但没有一个人愿意停下来休息一会儿。" 33．D one指代one of the glasses，且each一词是信息词。该句意思是："我希望有足够的玻璃杯，以便每位客人有一个"。 34．B one day表示"某一天"，可用在一般过去时，当它用在将来时的句中时，可与some day互换。another day指另一天。原题中的It's all the same to me和you like是信息句，可暗示考生，只能选any day，即"你喜欢定在哪天都行，或随便哪一天都行。" 35．A themselves；是they的反身代词。 36．A 从上文"我同意你说的大部分，"可知，下文应填everything表示部分否定。B项填入后该句为全否定。C项不用在否定句中。D项填入后，该句成为肯定句。故B、C、D项是错误的。 37．C 从上文"Sarah已经读了许多美国作家写的故事"，可知，下文是"她现在想读一些由别的国家的作家写的故事"。A项中any用在肯定句中表示"任何一个"，与后面的countries不符。B、D项不符原句的逻辑。 38．A 这是一个强调句式。如果把It was…that去掉，该句子意思完整。不缺任何成份。 39．A 该题考查it作形式宾语的用法。四个选项均为代词，只有it作先行代词时，本身没有具体意义，而只是帮助把真正的宾语移到后部去。句中it的作用是代替它后面的宾语从句when people talk with their mouths full，故正确答案为A。 40．C 该题考查在省略的宾语从句中连接代词的用法。A、B项为副词，不可作及物动词remember的宾语，应先排除。指某一范围的"哪一个"需用连接代词which，前一个分句中的from either Oxford or Cambridge已限定了范围，故答案选C。 41．D 该题考查引导从句的关系联词的用法。that和which作为关系代词引导定语句必须在从句中充当某一成份；where作关系副词引导定语从句在从句中作状语，先行词必须是表示地点的名词，故应排除A、B、C。由题于中从句与主句所表示的逻辑关系考虑，此空应填表示因果关系的从属连词when，这时when=since；for，意为"由于"、"既然"，答案为D。 42．B 该句考查强调结构。"It+be+被强调部分+that从句"是it的强调句型，如果强调的是时间、地点、原因等状语，别后面接that引导的从句，而不能用when，where，because等词来引导，因此答案为B。再如： It was when I was thirty--five that I got married and had a family． It was when we got to the station that it began to rain．参看1题。 43．C 该题考查不定代词的替代用法。在进行比较时要用同类的事物相比，排除A、B。按照英语习惯用法，that可以代替一个单数名词或一个不可数名词，以避免重复前面提到过的名词。that前面没有任何修饰词，后面的介词主要是of。由空白后表示所属关系的语境可以确定此空应填that，代替pleasure，故答案选C。 44．A another在此足不定代词，意为"再…个"，pay to another $15。意为"再付15美元。more应放在$15之后。 45．C one不定代词指代上文的break。 46．B It is…that为强调结构。 47．D 根据句意，"不是你的，可能是另外谁的呢?"所以答案是D。 48．A 根据句意，"还再需要一些"，故选A。 49．B 代替the new house。 50．Ａ。 2006全国各省市高考试卷中的代词试题: 1．(全国卷I）26. If I can help_______, I don't like working late into the night. A. so B. that C. it D. them 2．(北京卷)24. --- Which driver was to blame? --- Why, _________! It was the child’s fault, clear and simple. He suddenly came out between two parked cars. A. both B. each C. either D. neither 3．(上海春)27. Both sides have accused of breaking the contract _______. A. another B. the other C. neither D. each 4．(天津卷)1. We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun, so let’s have one this month. A. the other B. some C. another D. other 5．(四川卷)31．Of all the books on the desk，________ is of any use for our study. A. nothing B. no one C. neither D. none 6．(陕西卷)6. I used to earn ______ than a pound a week when I first started work. A. a little B. a few C. fewer D. less 7．(福建卷)21.---Who called me this morning when I was not? ----A man calling ______ Robert. A. him B .himself C his D.不填 8．(湖南卷)26.As the busiest woman in Norton, she made _________ her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town. A. this B. that C. one D. it 9．(江苏卷)22. My most famous relative of all, _______ who really left his mark on America, was Reb Sussel, my great-grandfather.. A. one B. the one C. he D. someone 10．(浙江卷)4. _______ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. A. As B. That C. This D. It 11．(浙江卷)14. If you can’t decide which of the two books to borrow, why don’t you take ______? I won’t read them this week. A. all B. any C. either D. both 12．(安徽省)32．You may drop in or just give me a call. will do． A．Either B．Each C．Neither D．All 13．(安徽省)34．Catherine bought a postcard of the place she was visiting, addressed to _______and then posted it at the nearby post office． A．it; her B．it; herself C．herself; her D．herself; herself 14．(山东卷)24. I’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. A. that B. it C. this D. you 15．(重庆卷)29.My grandma still treats me like a child. She can’t imagine _______ grown up. A. my B. mine C. myself D. me 16．(福建卷)30._______homework did we have to do that we had no time to take a rest. A. So much B. Too much C. Too little D. So little Keys: 1-10 CDBCD DBDBD 11-14 DABBD A 四.形容词,副词 要点1 几个形容词修饰一个名词时的语序 当同时用几个形容词来修饰一个名词时，一般可按照以下顺序：限定词-----描绘性形容词-----大小、新旧、式样-----颜色-----产地(国别)-----作定语的名词----- 被修饰名词。 如： some lovely Chinese children 一些可爱的中国儿童(限定词-----描绘性形容词-----国别) a small black leather handbag 一个小的黑色皮包(大小-----颜色-----作定语的名词表示材料) a red German sports car 一辆红色的德国赛车(颜色-----国别-----作定语的名词表示用途) a small old stone bridge 一座老的小石桥(大小-----新旧-----作定语的名词) 注意： 限定词放在最前面，作定语的名词紧靠被修饰词；同种类的 形容词，短在前、长在后，序数词放在基数词之前。如： the first two books 最初两本书 但是，这里所讲的语序并不是一成不变的。 要点2 需放在被修饰语之后的形容词 形容词作定语，一般放在名词的前面。但如果被修饰语是由some,any,every和no构成的不定 代词时，用作定语的形容词必须放在它所修饰的词后面，如： There is nothing new in his report. 他的报告里没有什么新东西 。 Is there anything important? 有什么重要的事情吗? He told me something very important. 他告诉我一些很重要的事。 There is nothing wrong with him. 他没有错。 So far nobody important has visited this place. 到目前为止，还 没有重要人物来这儿看过。 注意： 英语中有些形容词一般只能作表语，不能放在名词前作定语 ，如以a-开头的形容词，afraid,asleep,alone,awake,alive。另外，ill,glad,sorry,sure,well也不能放在名词前作定语。 注意： sick(患病)与ill不同，sick既可以作表语也可以作定语而ill则不能，试比较： These children are ill/sick. 这些孩子病了。 The nurse is taking care of the sick children. 护士正在 照料患病的孩子们。(不能用ill) 另外，在度量衡用语中，形容词通常放在度量单位之后。例如： I'm 1.80 metres tall. 我身高1.80米。 The room is 32 feet wide. 这间房子有32英尺宽。 要点3 三种要求形容词作表语的系动词 形容词除与系动词be连用作表语外，还可以与其他一些系动词连用。 1) 表示一种特征、状态、感觉的系动词，如： appear(显得)，look(看似)，seem(似乎)，feel(觉得)，taste(尝)，smell(闻)，sound(听 )。 The meat tastes good. 这肉味道好。 He doesn't seem happy. 他似乎不高兴。 I'm not feeling well today. 我今天不舒服。(well用作形容词做 表语只能表示身体好) 2) 表示状态转变的系动词，意为“变得”、“变成”，如：become,get,grow,turn等。 It's getting(growing) dark. 天渐渐地黑了。 The hill has turned green. 山变绿了。 3) 表示保持某种状态的系动词，如：remain(仍然是)，keep(保持)等。 The problem remains unsolved. 问题仍然未解决。 Keep quiet,please! 请安静! 要点4 某些以-ly结尾的形容词 英语中有一些以-ly结尾的形容词，不要误以为是副词。 deadly 致命的 friendly 友好的 lonely 孤单的 likely 可能的 lovely 可爱的 lively 愉快的 brotherly 兄弟般的 fatherly 父亲似的 ugly 难看的 silly 愚蠢的 还有一些与时间有关的词，虽以-ly结尾，但既可以用作形容词又可以用作副词，如： daily 每日(的) weekly 每周一次(的) monthly 每月一次(的) yearly 每年一次(的) 要点5 名词用作形容词 1) 名词用来作定语修饰另一个名词时，相当于一个形容词，如： ticket office 售票处 book store 书店 traffic accident 交通事故 table leg 桌子腿 2) 名词用作形容词修饰另一名词时，一般都用单数形式，而且总是放在被修饰的名词之前 。如： shoe repairers 修鞋人 ring finger 无名指 wine glass 酒杯 cigarette lighter 打火机 也有一些是例外，如： sports car 赛车 clothes shop 服装店 arms production 武器生产 注意： 名词作定语与形容词作定语意思相差较大。 gold ring 金戒指 golden ring 镀金(金黄色)戒指stone wall 石墙 stony heart 铁石心肠 colour TV set 彩色电视机 colourful life 多彩的生活 要点6 带有数字的复合形容词 当复合形容词用连字号连接时，其中的名词用单数形式。主要有两种结构： 1) 数词+名词。 a three-hour flight 一次三小时的飞行 a three-pound chicken 一个重三磅的鸡 a two-hundred-metre bridge 一座二百米长的桥 a five-hundred-word letter 一封五百字的信 2) 数词+名词+形容词。 a three-year-old boy 一个三岁的男孩 a fifty-metre-wide river 一条五十米宽河 要点7 同形的副词和形容词 fast train 快车 hard workers 干活卖力的工人 run fast 跑得快 work hard 干活卖力，工作努力 right answer 正确的回答 enough food 足够的食物 do everything right 样样事情做得对 large enough 足够大 in the late afternoon 傍晚 in the early morning 一大早 work late 工作得晚 come early 来得早 其他如straight,wide,high,low也都能用作形容词和副词。例如： He drew a straight line on the paper. 他在纸上划了一条直线。 He went straight to the room. 他径直朝那房子走去。 要点8 具有两种形式的副词 英语中有些副词有两种形式，但其意义不同。 The station is quite near. 车站就在附近。(near用作形容词) He lives near. 他就住在附近。(near用作副词) It's nearly nine o'clock. 将近九点钟了。(nearly用作副词，但其含义是：将近、几乎) The cake is hard. 这蛋糕太硬。 用作形容词 The test is hard. 测验太难。 He is a hard worker. 他是一个干活卖力的工人。 We all work hard. 我们都努力工作。(hard用作副词) I can hardly understand you. 我不太懂你的意思。 意为：几乎不 There was hardly a cloud in the sky. 天空几乎没有云彩。 He is late. 他迟到了。(late用作形容词) He went to bed late last night. 他昨晚很晚才睡觉。(late用作副词) Have you seen her lately? 你最近看见过她吗?(lately意为：最近) 注意： 除上述几个词外，英语中还有一些具有两种形式的副词。如： deep 深--deeply 深深地 high 高--highly 高度地 wide 宽--widely 广泛地 He jumps higher than I. 他比我跳得高。 We think highly of our teacher. 我们对我们的老师评价很高。 He opened all the windows wide to let the fresh air in. 他把所有的窗户开得很大，好让新鲜空气进来。 She is widely known in China. 她在中国的知名度很高。 要点9 形容词比较级和最高级的构成 1) 单音节形容词加-er和-est构成其比较级和最高级。 strong--stronger--the strongest new--newer--the newest 闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er和-est。 如：big--bigger--biggest，hot--hotter--hottest，thin--thinner--thinnest。 2) 三音节或三音节以上的形容词前加more和most，构成其比较级和最高级。 interesting--more interesting--the most interesting important--more important--the most important 3) 双音节形容词中，一般以-y,-er,-ow,-ple等结尾的词加-er,-est。 pretty--prettier--the prettiest 漂亮的 clever--cleverer--the cleverest 聪明的 simple--simpler--the simplest 简单的 narrow--narrower--the narrowest 狭窄的 常用的词有：easy(容易)，lazy(懒)，happy(快乐的)，funny(有趣的)。 4) 以-ful,-ing结尾的双音节词一般加more/most。 doubtful--more doubtful--the most doubtful 注意： 英语中，有些双音节形容词可以加more/most，也可以加-er ，-est构成比较级和最高级，常见的词有：friendly,clever,narrow,common。 要点10 副词比较级和最高级的构成 1) 副词比较级和最高级形式通常由加more和most构成。例如： quickly--more quickly--most quickly slowly--more slowly--most slowly 2) 与形容词同形的副词，其构成方式与相应的形容词相同。例如： fast--faster--fastest hard--harder--hardest early--earlier--earliest 要点11 少数形容词和副词的比较级、最高级是不规则的。 原级 比较级 最高级 good } well better best bad } ill badly worse worst many } much more most little less least 相关链接：教学论文 |
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