主语与谓语的一致 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
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主语与谓语的一致
英语语法要求，主语如果是单数，谓语动词也要用单数形式;主语若是复数，谓语动词也要用复数形式
例如:
She like/likes to eat well.
We all like/likes good food.
注意：
1. And连接的两个或多个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式
His opinion and mine are different.
Bob and Peter are deadly rivals.
What she says and what she does are totally different.
但是如果and连接的是指一个单一概念时，谓语动词用单数。
Bread and milk has been my breakfast for years.
Her lawyer and old friend is going to marry her.
All this effort and sacrifice has come to nothing.
由and连接的单数主语有many a，every，each，no修饰时，动词用单数。
During the holidays, every train and every plane was crowded.
No boy and no girl has the right to refuse education.
Man a man and man a woman was moved b this picture。
2. 如果主语是一个抽象概念(如不定式、动名词、主语从句等)谓语动词用单数形式。如果主语是用and连接的两个或多个抽象概念，谓语动词用复数形式。
Swimming jogging and cycling are all goad farms of sports exercises.
To live to eat is not a very goad attitude toward life.
To live to eat and to eat to live are very different attitudes toward life.
以what，who，why，haw, whether等wh一词引起的从句做主语时，谓语动词通常用单数;由and连接的两个主句如果指两件事，动词用复数。
What he is doing is not clear yet
What he is doing and whether I know him are two different things.
What she told me is none of your business.
What she told me and what she told you are totally different things.
以what从句为主语的“主一系一表"句型中，如果主句的表语是复数，主句谓语动词用复数形式; what从句本身是复数意义，主句谓语动词也可用复数。
What I need buy now are four tea cups and a pair of sports shoes.
What were thought to be five dogs were actually five sheep.
3. 集体名词family，class，crew(全体船员或机组人员)，crowd, group, committee, audience, government, public, team, staff, population等做主语时，若作为一个整体看待，后面谓语动词用单数; 如就其中每一个成员来考虑时，则用复数。
My family is a big one.我家人多。
My family are all music lovers.
Eighty percent of China' s population are peasants.
China has a huge population.
The population of China is the largest in the world.
People, police, cattle(牛)，militia(民兵)，poultry(家禽)，vermin(害虫)等作主语时，后面的动词要用复数。
如：There were many people waiting outside.
The police are searching far the murderer.
The cattle are grazing in the fields.
Foliage(树叶)，machinery(机械)，equipment(设备) ,furniture(家具)，merchandise(商品)等通常做不可数名词，动词用单数，
如:The merchandise has arrived undamaged
All the machinery in the factory is made in China.
4.不定代词either，neither，every，each，one，the other, another以及所有的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词只用单数，包括“every/each/no……and every/each/no……”作主语时。
如：Every/Each plane and every/each pilot is ready to take off.
No plane and no pilot is ready to take off.
Here are two books. Either of them is worth reading.
Neither of these two dictionaries contains this ward.
Everyone is here. No one is absent.
Either day is OK. 两天中哪一天都行。
5. what，who，which，any，mare，some，half，mast，all，none.等代词可以是单数，也可以是复数，主要靠意思决定。但指不可数名词时作单数看待。
例如：Which is your book? Which are your books?
Here' s same mare (coffee). Here' re same more (tomatoes).
None of the books are/is easy enough for us.
由Many a或mare than one所修饰的词做主语时，意义上虽然是复数，但谓语动词用单数形式。none在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数.
如：Many a person is far his plan. 很多人赞成他的计划。
Mare than one people is against his plan. 不止一个人反对他的计划。
6.表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的单位名词，尽管是复数形式，如果作整体看待，动词都用单数形式。如果看作组成该数量的一个一个的个体，则动词用复数。
如：Twenty miles is a long way to walk.
Ten years is a long time。
Eight minutes is enough.
Twelve dollars is too dear.
There are six silver dollars in each of the stacking.
7. “the+形容词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数。表示抽象概念或指个别事物时谓语动词用单数。
如：The old are well taken care of.
The beautiful is loved by all.
8. 如果主语由"a kind/sort/type of this kind/sort/type of +名词”组成，不管名词是单数还是复数，动词通常用单数。
如：This kind of man annoys me. =This kind of men annoys me.
This kind of apple is very expensive. = This kind of apples is…
类似的还有:a portion of(一部分)，a series of(一系列)，a pile of(一堆)，a panel of (一个小组委员会)，
如：A series of accidents has happened here.
9. Means作“方法、手段”讲时，单复数同形，其前面有each, every, neither, either,等单数a念的定语时，谓语动词用单数;若有all, both，these等复数概念的定语时谓语动词用复数。
“None of the means”作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。
如：There is/are no means of learning what is happening.
No means is /are left untried.
Every means is to an end.
A bicycle is a means of transport.
All possible means have/Every possible means has been tried.
就近一致
1.当主语由either...... or. neither...... nor , not only ...... but(also) 或or连接时，谓语动词通常和最临近的那个主语一致。
例如：Either you or he is to do the work.
Not only you but also Tom often comes late to class.
Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.
2.当there be结构后面有并列主语时，谓语也和最临近的那个一致。
如：There is a dictionary and many books on the table.
There' re ten chairs and a table in the house.
Here is a pen, a few envelopes and same paper far you.
3.做主语的名词或代词后接with，together with，along with，as well as等短语时，谓语动词一般和前面名词或代词一致。这些短语前后可用可不用逗号。
如：A woman with a baby is coming to the hospital
The girl, as well as the bays, has learned to drive a car.

责任编辑：李芳芳

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