直接引语 间接引语 ---讲解与练习 (高三英语上册教学论文)
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直接引语 间接引语
---讲解与练习

直接引语变间接引语是初中语法宾语从句的延续。同时学好这一语法项目也有助于高二的名词性从句语法的学习打好基础。
I．从句子类型上进行分析。
1. 直接引语为陈述句。变成间接引语时，把陈述句变成由that引导的宾语从句。
She said : “I’ll come this morning.”
She said that she would come that morning.
2. 直接引语为一般疑问句。变成间接引语时，要把一般疑问句变成由if或whether引导的宾语从句，同时将语序变成陈述语序。
“Will you take care of me?”
Chuck, Wilson asks if you will take care of him.
3. 直接引语为特殊疑问句。变成间接引语时，要把特殊疑问句变成由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，同时将语序变成陈述语序。疑问词在句中作主语或作定语修饰主语时语序不变。
“Where did you spend your holiday ?” I asked her.
I asked her where she had spent her holidays.
4. 直接引语为祈使句。变成间接引语时，要把祈使句的动词变成带to的不定式，同时根据语气选择适当的谓语动词，如ask, tell, order等。句型为ask/tell/order sb to do sth 。主句中若有please 时，最好用ask表示。同时去掉please。否定的祈使句，要将don’t或never改为not to, never to
5．直接引语为选择疑问句时，要使用whether。。。or。。。
“Will you accept or refuse the offer?”
He wondered whether I would accept or refuse the offer.
6．直接引语为感叹句时，可用感叹词what 或how 作引导词，语序不变；或者用that 作引
导词，句子用陈述语序。
“What an interesting story it is!” he said.
He said what an interesting story it was.
He said that it was an interesting story.
II．注意事项：
7． 变化：
①said to somebody后加直接引语改为 asked somebody if told somebody that
②人称代词：this—that these—those I-He—she me—him, her,
③时间状语: now—then ago—before today—that day
yesterday—the day before last week（month, year）—the week(month, year) before
tomorrow—the next day next week（month, year）—the next（month, year）week
④地点状语: here--there
⑤动词的变化: come—go bring-take
⑥时态变化：do does—did
Did—had done
Have done—had done
Is doing—was doing
Had done—had done
Will do—would do
8． 直接引语如果是客观真理，名人名言或谚语或当时当地转述时，变间接引语时，时态不变。
He said, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”
He said that where there is a will, there is a way.
9． 直接引语中如有明确的过去时间状语，则变间接引语时时态不变。
Jack said, “I was born in 1990.”--------Jack said that he was born in 1990.
10.主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，变间接引语时，时态不变。
Mary says, “Tom is a good boy.”-------Mary says that Tom is a good boy.
11.直接引语有以when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变间接引语时状语从句中的一般过去时不变，但主句的谓动则要改为过去完成时。
She said, “Jack told me all about his past when he was questioned.”
She said that Jack had told him about his past when he was questioned.
12．有些情态动词，如 must， need，ought to等，无过去形式，变间接引语时，既可用原来
的形式，也可用其它的表示法，但要注意保存原来的意义。
“All men must die,” he said. ---- He said that all men must die
“I must go early,” he said. ----- He said that he had to go early.
III. 小试牛刀
把下列句子变成间接引语：
1. John said to Tom, “Come to my house tomorrow.”
______________________________________________.
2. “Will you come to the lecture this afternoon?” Sara asked Yang Mei .
________________________________________________________.
3. “I watched a very interesting TV program yesterday.” he said to us.
______________________________________________________.
4． “How old is your brother this year?” Charlie’s friend asked him.
__________________________________.
5．He said to the boy, “Don’t do that again.”
_______________________________________________________。
6．He said, “I will come here next month.”
___________________________________.
7．Hanks said, “I finished my work last week.”
___________________________________________.
8. “My brother began learning English two years ago.” Tom said.
_____________________________________________________.
9. “Where have you been all these years?” he asked me.
_____________________________________________.
10. “Have you seen the movie?” he asked Chuck.
_________________________________________.
11. He asked, “Who can answer the question?”
_________________________.
12. He asked, “What’s the matter with you?
______________________________.
Answers:
1. John told Tom to go to his house the next day.
2. Sara asked Yang Mei if she would go to the lecture that afternoon.
3. He told us that he had watched a very interesting film the day before.
4. Charlie’s friend asked him how old his brother was that year.
5. He told the boy not to do that again.
6. He said that he would go there the next month.
7. Hanks said that he had finished his work the week before.
8. Tom said that his brother had begun learning English two years before.
9. He asked me where I had been all those years.
10. He asked Chuck if he had seen the movie.
11. He asked who could answer the question.
12. He asked what was the matter with me.
IV. 单选练习
1. He said the train ____ when he reached there, so he had to wait for the next.
A. left B. had left C. was leaving D. has left
2. He asked me ______ I could pick him up ____.
A. if; tomorrow B. that; tomorrow C. that; next D. if; the next day
3. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him_____.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
4. Tell him _____ the window.
A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut
5. He asked me ____ the railway station.
A. how he could get to B. how could he get to
C. where he could get to D. where could he get to
6. He wanted to know _____.
A. what was her name B. how was her name
C. what her name was D. how her name was
7. They have no idea at all _____.
A. where he has gone B. where did he go
C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone
8. He told me to make sure_____ the meeting.
A. when and where we would have B. when and where would we have
C. when and where we will have D. when and where will we have
9. Do you happen to know ____?
A. where is her address B. in which place is her address
C. what her address is D. the place her address is
10. Our teacher told us that the earth ____ from west to east.
A. turns B. turn C. has turned D. had turned
11. He said he ____ her since two years _____.
A. had not seen; ago B. had not seen; before
C. didn’t see; ago D. didn’t see; before
12．The teacher asked the boy _____.
A. what the matter was B. what was the matter C. What the matter is D. what is the matter
13. Mr. Smith warned her daughter_____ after drinking.
A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive
14. The patient was warned ____ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating
15．John said that he would pay ___ second visit to China ____ next month.
A. the; X B. the; the C. a; the D. a; X
16．On his way home from Beijing he told me he ______ Beijing again.
A. had visited B. has visited C. would visit D. will visit
17．Tom said that he _____ to the museum ______.
A. went; yesterday B. had gone; the day before
C. has gone; before C. went; the day before
18. He asked me _____ I _______ fond of Jay Chou’s songs.
A. that; was B. that; am C. what; am D. if ;was
19. Tim _____ me to repeat my address.
A. forced B. asked C. told D. ordered
20. The commander ______ his soldiers to take up their guns.
A. asked B. hoped C. stopped D. ordered
21. He asked me how much ____ on the mountain bike.
A. did I pay B. I had spent C. did I spend D. I had cost
22. Can you tell me _______?
A. what the matter is B. what the matter it is
C. what’s the matter D. the matter is what
23. Jeanne asked Mathilde ________.
A. that had happened B. that had happened to her
C. what had been happened C. what had happened to her
24. We want to know _____ do to help them.
A. what we can B. what can we C. how we can D. how can we
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