倒装句要点归纳 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
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倒装句要点归纳
完全倒装与部分倒装的区别是倒装句的难点，而so, neither /nor以及not until引起的倒装句是高考测试的重点。本文就这两点给予分析归纳，以期对同学们有所启示。

使用倒装的场合 历届高考题及例句 注意事项
一、谓语动词放在主语前（完全倒装） 1.there引导的“存在句” There is a leaning tower in the city of Pisa.
There came shouts for help from the river. 常见动词有be, come, lie, happen, appear, seem, stand, exist, live, enter, remain。
2.there, here, now, then引导的，引起人们注意的招呼句 There goes the bell!
Here comes the bus!
Now comes your turn. 主语是“人称代词”时，主语和谓语动词用自然语序：
Here we are.
There he comes.
3.such作表语，译作“……就是如此” Such was Albert Einstein.
Such are the facts. 谓语动词要与接在后面的“主语”保持“人称、数”的一致
4.表“动态的状语”in, out, away, up, from, down, off, back, over置于句首时 Off went the horse.
Down came the hammer and out flew t he sparks.
In rushed the children.
From the speaker comes the doctor’s voice. 主语是“人称代词”时，用自然语序：
Away they went.
Out he ran.
5.表“地点”的词语置于句首或强调“地点”概念时 On the table were some flowers.
Between the two buildings stands a tall tree.
South of the city lies a steel factory. 主谓一致。如：Near the factory are many tall trees.此句主语是trees,而不是factory,故用are。
6.平衡句子结构或使上下文衔接紧密 They reached a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.
Inside the pyramids are t he rooms for the bodies of the kings and queens. 主谓一致。如：Gone are the days when we Chinese people used “foreign oil”.主语是days,故用are。
7.起码接引语的全部或一部分置于句首时 “Help!” shouted the boy.
“Exactly,” said my father, shaking the old man’s hand. 引述动词后还有间接宾语或状语时，不用倒装语序。如：
“Why?” the teacher asked him.
“Both, sir.” he answered proudly.
二、用一般疑问句语序（部分倒装） 8.so表示“……也一样”（用于肯定句中） (1) I like sports and ______ my brother. (97年)
A. so does B. so is C. so D. so like
(2) John won first prize in the contest. ______. (NMET87)
A. So he did B. So did he
C. So he did, tooD. So did he, too so 表示对前句内容的肯定和附和，译作“确实，正是”时，应用自然语序：
--Tom works hard.
--So he does and so do you.
9.neither, nor或no more表示“……也不”（用于否定句中） (3) ---I don’t think I can walk any further.
---______. Let’s stop here for a rest. (NMET85)
A. Neither am I
B. Neither can I
C. I don’t think so D. I think so
(4) ---Did you enjoy that trip?
---I’m afraid not. And ______. (MET85)
A. my classmates don’t either
B. my classmates don’t too
C. neither do my classmates
D. neither did my classmates
(5)After that we never saw her again, nor _____ from her. (NET97)
A. did we hear B. we heard
C. had we heardD. we have heard
(6)---Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?
---I don’t know, ______. (MET91)
A. nor don’t I care
B. nor do I care
C. I don’t care neither
D. I don’t care also 第一，neither与nor可互换，而no more表“程度比较”，砂能换成no longer。如：She doesn’t care much for sweet. No more do I。第二，倒装部分的助动词、系动词或情态动词在时态和形式上要与前句相一致，在数上要与后面主语相一致。如：
If you don’t go, neither shall I.
He hasn’t gone, nor have his sisters.
You can’t drive, neither can he.
You aren’t able to drive, nor is he.
10.否定词never, seldom,, hardly, scarcely, barely, rarely, little, not, nowhere, by no means, in no way, at no time, neither…(nor)置于句首时 Hardly do I think it possible.
By no means shall we give up.
Neither will theory do without practice; nor will practice so without theory. 当little作adj.修饰主语时，用自然语序，如：Little Franz often played truant.
11.Not only…but also,
No sooner…than,
Hardly…when
Scarcely…when,
Not until…,
So…that…,
Such…that…句型 (7) Not until the early years of the 19th century ______ what heat is. (MET89)
A. man did know B. man knew
C. didn’t man know D. did man know
(8) Not until I began to work _____ how much time I had wasted. (MET90)
A. didn’t I realize B. did I realize
C. I didn’t realize D. I realize
(9) Not until all the fish died in the river ______ how serious the pollution was. (NMET95)
A. did the villagers realize
B. the villagers realized
C. the villagers did realize
D. didn’t the villagers realize 主倒从不倒，即主句部分用一般般问句语序，从句部分用陈述语序。如：
Not only is he clever but also he is kind.
So angry was he that he couldn’t speak.
No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain.
Such great progress did he make that he was praised.
12.only强调状语或宾语置于句首时 (10) Only in this way ______ progress in your English. (84年)
A. you make
B. can you make
C. you be able to make
D. will you able to make only强调主语时，用自然语序。如：Only socialism, can save China.
13.省略if的虚拟条件句，将were, had或should移至主语前 Were he (=If he were) here now, I could ask him.
Had you (=If you had) not helped me, I’d have failed.
Should he (=If he should) come, tell him to ring me up. 若条件句中不含were, had或should，则不宜倒装。
14.祝愿句 May you succeed!
May you gain still greater success! 标语口号中，也有用“完全倒装”语序的：Long live the people!
三、as或though引导让步状语从句，其句型是：
(11)______, he doesn’t study well. (MET85)
A. As he is clever
B. He is as clever
C. Clever as he is
D. As clever he is
Much as I like it, I will not buy it.
Try as she might, she failed.
Child as he was, he had to make a living. 第一，though引导让步状语从句也可不倒装，如:Though she is young, she knows a lot.
Young though she is, she knows a lot.
第二，表语前的冠词要省略，如：
Hero as he is, he has some shortcomings.
附：高考题答案：(1)-(5)AABDA (6)-(11)BDBABC
责任编辑：李芳芳

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