what在高中英语中的某些特殊用法
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what在高中英语中的某些特殊用法 what在英语中是个很常用的词。我们知道它能用作疑问词,引导特殊疑问句,在句中做主语﹑表语或宾语;又能用作连接代词(或复合关系代词),引导主语从句﹑表语从句或宾语从句;还能用作疑问形容词,只作定语并可表示感叹。对于这些常规的用法本文就不一一赘述,现就what在高中英语中的某些特殊用法归纳如下: 1. what = just as,意为“恰像,犹如,好比”用作连词,引导比较状语从句。(见新编高二英语上册p.21) ⑴ 惯用句式是:A is to B what C is to D. 意为“A对B而言正如C对D一样”例如: ① Air is to us What water is to fish. 空气对于我们犹如水对于鱼。(介词to 表示两者的关系) ⑵ 也有“A is for B what C is for D.”句式。例如: ② Poultry is for the cook what canvas is for the paint. 厨师离不了家禽正如画家离不开画布一样。(介词for表示“供…使用”) ⑶ what 引导的从句也可以放在句首,其句式是: What C is to D,that A is to B.(= A is to B what C is to D.) 在这一结构中,喻体在前,主体在后,相当于“just as…,so…”结构,意思也是“A对B而言正如C对D一样”例如: What blood vessel is to a man's body,that railway is to transportation.(=Just as blood vessel is to a man's body ,so Railway is to transportation.) 铁路对于运输,好比血管对于人体一样。 2. what 与do with连用,意为“(怎样)处理﹑安排或对付等”。what常有较灵活的翻译,常用结构是:“what …do with sth./sb.?”或“what to do with sth./sb.” 例如: ① What will you do with the letter? 你将把那封信怎样处理? ② The kids do not know what to do with themselves on rainy days. 孩子们不知道雨天干什么好。 注意:do with 与deal with同义,但搭配不同:do with只能与what搭配,而deal with可与不同的疑问词搭配。比较: ③ How will you deal with the letter?你将那封信怎样处理? ④ You may have some idea of what the astronauts have to deal with if you try to drink a glass of water while standing on your head or while just lying down. 如果你试着倒立着或仅以躺着的姿势去喝水,就能大致体会得到宇航员必须应付什么了。 3. 问价格﹑度量﹑速度、人口﹑面积﹑门牌(汽车﹑电话等)号码等时,只能用what提问,不能用how much提问。例如: ① What is the cost(price)of the gold watch?这块金表多少钱? ② What is the speed of the car?车速是多少? ③ What is the length(width﹑depth)of the lake?这湖有多长(宽、深)? ④ What is the population(area)of China?中国的人口(面积)有多少(大)? ⑤ What money(cash) have you got? 你有多少钱(现金)? ⑥ What is your telephone (car、room)number? 你的电话(汽车﹑房间)号码是多少? 4.“What is …like?”的两种含义。 ⑴ 表示“情况怎样”,多指天气或气候。例如: ② What is the climate like there?那里的气候怎样? ⑵ 表示“像什么样,什么模样,怎样的” 指人或事物。例如: ③ What is the camel like ?骆驼是什么样子的? ④ — What is your teacher like?— She is very kind and beautiful. “你老师是怎样一个人?”——“她既善良又美丽。” ⑤ What will life be like in the future ? 未来的生活是什么样子呢? 注意:“What is…like?”通常用于对某人、某地和某物的实际情况提问,包括对其内在的品质或外在的特征(或持久的特征)提问。而“How is … like?”是就某人、某地和某物的外观询问对方的看法,可以用来询问变化的事物,如暂时的情况,情绪等,还常用来问候别人的健康。如: ⑥ How is your work these days? 近来你的工作情况如何? ⑦ How is he? 他近况如何? (他身体近来怎么样?) 比较:What does she look like?她是什么模样?(What… look like?只能指外表 ) 5.“What do you think of…?”用于询问对方对……的看法或评价。例如: ① What do you think of the idea?你认为这个主意怎样? ② What did you think of that film?你对那场电影评价如何? 注意:“ What do you think of…?”是惯用搭配,不能改为“How do you think of…?”。但我们可以说:How do you feel about the idea(that film)?或者How do you like the idea(that film)? 6.what 用作复合关系代词时,既可指代人又可指代物。例如: ① China is no longer what it used to be? 中国已不是过去的中国 ② She is what you call a “bluestocking”。 她就是你说的“女才子”。 ③ She is not what she was five years ago. 她不再是5年前的她了。 7. what从句可用作宾语补足语或状语。例如: ① We will make the factory twice what it is today. 我们将使工厂比现在规模增加一倍。(句中的twice what it is today是动词make的宾语the factory的补足语) ② Gravity is what makes you weigh what you weigh. 地心吸引力使人称得现有的重量(句中的第一个what到句末为表语从句;句末的what you weigh 是说明前面的动词weigh,系回答how much 的问题,作状语) 8.像how和why一样,what可以用作名词。例如: ① Please explain to us how and why,since you know what. 既然你想出一个好办法,请给我们解释清楚解决这个问题的方法和理由。 ② By asking why,how and what if,curious minds find new ideas and solutions. 通过刨根问底,提出假设,富有求知欲的天才人物想出了新主意,找出了解决问题的新办法。(见新版高二英语上册p.7,what if 可译为:假设) 9.与what连用的常用句型和词组 ⑴ What if…?What will or would happen if…?如果(假如)…将会怎么样?例如: ① What if it is true?如果这是真的又怎么样? ② What if a storm should come up?万一发生暴风雨怎么办? ⑵ what with:because of ;as a result of;因为;由于……的结果;例如: ③ What with overwork and (what with)so little sleep,she fell ill. 一半由于工作过度的劳累,一半由于睡眠不足,她病倒了。 ④ She has been depressed,what with losing her job and having to move. 她由于丢了工作还要搬家而感到沮丧。 ⑶ and what not :and so on ;etc;以及各种其它东西;诸如此类;等等;例如: ⑤ I bought sugar,tea,eggs,and what not. 我买了食糖、茶叶、鸡蛋之类的东西。 ⑷ come what will(may)是固定搭配必须倒装,意为“不管发生什么事”“不管怎样” ⑥ Come what will (may),I will always stand by you. 不管发生什么事,我将永远支持你。 责任编辑:李芳芳 |
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