主动形式表达被动意义 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
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主动形式表达被动意义
1.某些感官动词，如look,feel,sound,taste,smell等，常用主动形式表达被动意义。如：
His conclusion certainly sounded reasonable.
This kind of flower smells sweet.
In warm weather, fruit and meat don’t keep long.
The soup tastes delicious.
Velvet feels smooth/soft.
2.某些动词，如sell,wash,write,lock,shut,close,open,read,wear等，作不及物动词时，常用主动形式表达被动意义。如：
His pen writes smoothly.
The window won’t open.
This type of TV set sells well.
This kind of cloth washes well and last long.
This knife cuts well.
His trade pays well.
He received a telegram which reads:”Mother sick.”
The sign reads as follows.
The class numbers 60 in all.
The classroom measures 80 square meters.
3.prove用作系动词时，用主动形式表达被动意义。如：
These methods have proved quite effective.
He proves (to be) honest.
4.be worth后常加动词的主动形式表达被动意义。如：
The book is well worth reading.
This piece of music is worth listening to.
Only one of the books is worth reading.
5.need, want, require, won’t bear, deserve 等动词后用V-ing 主动形式表达被动意义。句中主语是 实质上的宾语。用作V-ing 形式的动词若是不及物动词，其后应加相应的介词。如：
The flowers need/want/require watering.
The problem required paying special attention to.
以上几个动词除bear外，也可以用不定式的被动语态来表示。如：
Your hair needs to be cut / cutting.
6.某些动词的进行时可表达被动意义，如print, cook, build, burn, show等，如：
What’s showing at the cinema this week?
Her novel is reprinting ( =being reprinted ).
The bridge is building (=beibg built ).
7.to let（出租），to blame（责备）只用主动形式表达被动意义。如：
This flat is to let.
Who is to blame for it?
8.在there be句型中，可以用主动形式表达被动意义。如：
There’s nothing to read.
There’s nothing to do now.
There’s nothing to worry about.
9. 有些形容词后接不定式作状语时，常用主动形式表达被动意义。此类形容词有easy, hard, difficult, cheap, expensive, fit, nice, good, funny, exciting, light, heavy, dangerous, comfortable, delicious 等。动词是不及物动词时，要加相应的介词。如：
The fish is delicious to eat.
The ground is too hard to dig.
The chair is comfortable to sit on.
The book is difficult to understsand.
10.不定式作后置定语，与所修饰的词有动宾关系，又与句中其它名词或代词有主谓关系，这时不定式用主动形式表达被动意义。不定式为不及物动词时，其后应加相应的介词。如：
Do you have anything to say?
He is a pleasant person to work with.
The boy’s mother bought him a large toy train to play with.
I have a letter to write to tell the headmaster that we need a room to live in.
但：1.I’m going to Beijing. Do you have anything to be taken to your son?
2.----Do you have any letters to be typed, Sir?
----No, you may have a rest, Jane.
主动形式表达被动意义
1.某些感官动词，如look,feel,sound,taste,smell等，常用主动形式表达被动意义。如：
His conclusion certainly sounded reasonable.
This kind of flower smells sweet.
In warm weather, fruit and meat don’t keep long.
The soup tastes delicious.
Velvet feels smooth/soft.
2.某些动词，如sell,wash,write,lock,shut,close,open,read,wear等，作不及物动词时，常用主动形式表达被动意义。如：
His pen writes smoothly.
The window won’t open.
This type of TV set sells well.
This kind of cloth washes well and last long.
This knife cuts well.
His trade pays well.
He received a telegram which reads:”Mother sick.”
The sign reads as follows.
The class numbers 60 in all.
The classroom measures 80 square meters.
3.prove用作系动词时，用主动形式表达被动意义。如：
These methods have proved quite effective.
He proves (to be) honest.
4.be worth后常加动词的主动形式表达被动意义。如：
The book is well worth reading.
This piece of music is worth listening to.
Only one of the books is worth reading.
5.need, want, require, won’t bear, deserve 等动词后用V-ing 主动形式表达被动意义。句中主语是 实质上的宾语。用作V-ing 形式的动词若是不及物动词，其后应加相应的介词。如：
The flowers need/want/require watering.
The problem required paying special attention to.
以上几个动词除bear外，也可以用不定式的被动语态来表示。如：
Your hair needs to be cut / cutting.
6.某些动词的进行时可表达被动意义，如print, cook, build, burn, show等，如：
What’s showing at the cinema this week?
Her novel is reprinting ( =being reprinted ).
The bridge is building (=beibg built ).
7.to let（出租），to blame（责备）只用主动形式表达被动意义。如：
This flat is to let.
Who is to blame for it?
8.在there be句型中，可以用主动形式表达被动意义。如：
There’s nothing to read.
There’s nothing to do now.
There’s nothing to worry about.
9. 有些形容词后接不定式作状语时，常用主动形式表达被动意义。此类形容词有easy, hard, difficult, cheap, expensive, fit, nice, good, funny, exciting, light, heavy, dangerous, comfortable, delicious 等。动词是不及物动词时，要加相应的介词。如：
The fish is delicious to eat.
The ground is too hard to dig.
The chair is comfortable to sit on.
The book is difficult to understsand.
10.不定式作后置定语，与所修饰的词有动宾关系，又与句中其它名词或代词有主谓关系，这时不定式用主动形式表达被动意义。不定式为不及物动词时，其后应加相应的介词。如：
Do you have anything to say?
He is a pleasant person to work with.
The boy’s mother bought him a large toy train to play with.
I have a letter to write to tell the headmaster that we need a room to live in.
但：1.I’m going to Beijing. Do you have anything to be taken to your son?
2.----Do you have any letters to be typed, Sir?
----No, you may have a rest, Jane.
责任编辑：李芳芳

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