高二牛津第27期B3版 名师在线 (译林牛津版高二英语下册教学论文)
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高二牛津第27期B3版 名师在线
编辑小语：本版将为大家讲解介词用法，并提供了相应的练习和测试题。
Grammar in use 语法运用
介词用法
【考点导航】
1._______ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. (NMET 2000)
A. As B. For C. With D. Through
2. The home improvements have taken what little there is ______ my spare time. (NMET 2001)
A. from B. in C. of D. at
3. No one helped me. I did it all _____ myself. (2005全国卷I )
A. for B. by C from D to
【答案与解析】
1．C。该题根据句意和结构考查介词用法。四个选项均为介词，但只有with可以构成“with +复合宾语”结构。句中“with + 名词（宾语）+ 副词（宾补）结构作状语表示原因，故C为最佳答案。
2．C。该题考查介词用法。由于受in one’s spare time短语的影响，此题易误选B。此题的最佳答案是C。of在此表示“……中的部分／全部”，与名词little连用，little of my spare time意思是“仅有的业余时间”。该句为一个含有感叹式宾语从句的主从复合句，连接代词what连同所修饰的在从句中做主语的名词little提到从句之首。
3．B。检查考生对介词短语在语境中的表达方法。(all) by oneself = alone = without help 单独；靠自己；无他人的帮助。for oneself 意为“为自己”。to oneself 意为“自私的”，“为……所独有”。of oneself 意为“自动地”，“自然而然地”。
【重点归纳】
介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。
（一）介词的句法功能
介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。
1．作定语： The book on the table is mine.
2．作状语：
We have breakfast at seven.（表时间）
They started the machine by pressing the button.（表方法）
3．作表语：My dictionary is in the bag.
4．作宾语补足语：I found him in the office.
（二）常用介词区别
1．表示时间的at, in, on：at表示片刻的时间，如：at 8 o’clock。in表示一段的时间，如：in the morning。on总是跟具体日子有关，如：on Christmas morning。
2．表示时间的since和from：since表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程，常与现在完成时连用。from表示从时间的某一点开始，不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。
如：I hope to do morning exercise from today. / We have not seen each other since 1995.
3．表示时间的in和after：两者都表示“在（某个时间）之后，区别在于in表示“在（一段时间）之后”，而after则表示“在（某一具体时间点之后）”，in短语和将来时态连用，after短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。
如：We’ll be back in three days. / After seven the rain began to fall. / What shall we do after graduation?
【注意】after有时也可以表示在一段时间之后（常用在过去时里）。如：After two months he returned.
4．表示地理位置的in, on, to：in表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外。
如：Changchun is in the northeast of China. / Mongolia is on the north of China. / Japan is to the east of China.
5．between, among：一般说来，between表示两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间。
如：You are to sit between your father and me. / He is always happy among his classmates.
【注意】但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调的是两两之间的关系，应用between。
如：Agreements were made between the different countries.
在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两边时用between。如：
The little valley lies between high mountains.
在谈事物间的差别时，总是用between。如：
They don’t know the differences between wheat, oats and barley.
6. besides, except, but, except for：besides指“除了……还有，再加上”。如：
All went out besides me.
except指“除了，减去什么”，不能放在句首。如：
All went out except me.
but 与except意思近似，表示“除了……外”经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问词后面。如：
I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.
except for有三个含义。
1）表示对整体主要部分的肯定和局部的否定，起部分修正作用；如：
His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
2） 置于句首，表达except的含义。如：
Except for Scott and Dan, everyone went to the Great Wall yesterday.
7. 介词at、to表方向：介词at和to都可以表示方向。用at表示方向时，侧重于攻击的目标，往往表示恶意；用to表示方向时，突出运动的位置或动作的对象，侧重表示善意。试比较下列各句：
(1) A. She came at me. 她向我扑过来。 B. She came to me. 她向我走过来。
(2) A. Jack ran at John. 杰克向约翰扑过去。 B. Jack ran to John. 杰克朝约翰跑去。
(3) A. He rushed at the woman with a sword. 他拿着剑向那妇女扑过去。
B. He rushed to the woman with a sword. 他拿着剑向那妇女跑过去。
【难点点拨】
1. at用于黎明、午、夜、点与分。
如： at dawn / at daybreak 在黎明时候; at noon 在中午; at night 在夜间; at midnight 在午夜
注：以上短语都不用冠词。
2. 表示“早、午、晚”要用in。
如：in the morning 在早上； in the afternoon 在下午； in the evening 在晚上；in the day 在白天
3. 表示在“来年”，在“某月”，在“某年某月” (但在某年某月某日则用on)，在四季，在第几周等都要用in。
如：in 1986 在1986年; in April在四月; in December, 1986 在1986年12月; in spring 在春季
in the fist week of this semester 这学期的第一周 in the third week
4. 表示在阳光下，在灯下，在树阴下，穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用in。如：
Don’t read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。
They are reviewing their lessons in the bright light. 他们在明亮的灯光下复习功课。
They are sitting in the shade of a tree. 他们坐在树阴下乘凉。
a prisoner in irons 带着镣铐的囚犯
He went in the rain to meet me at the station. 他冒雨到车站去接我。
The poor dressed (clothed) in rags in old society. 旧社会穷人们衣衫褴褛．
5. 将来时态用in，表示……以后
例: I’ll come round in a day or two. 我一两天就回来。
Come and see me in two days’ time. 两天后来看我。(从现在开始)
6. 有形with无形by，语言 、单位、材料要用in
例：The workers are paving a road with stone. 工人们正用石子铺路。(有形)
The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen. 这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文。(有形)
The product is separated by distillation into gasoline and gas oil. 这种产品是用蒸馏分离出气油和粗柴油。 (表示方式、手段、方法——无形)
I really can’t express my idea in English freely indeed． 我确实不能用英语流利地表达我的思想。 (表示某种语言用in)
The kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system． 公里是米制中最长的长度单位。 (表示度、量、衡单位的用in )
Grammar work语法专练
介词沙场“秋点兵”
Ⅰ. 选择适当的介词填空:
With, as, for, in, of, at, since, into, about, without
He may be still young, but he may surprise you! If you ask around, many would say that the music world has a new leader — the real king is Jay Chou. As a child, Jay Chou was never too good 1 his subjects, and when he didn’t get 2 any college, a lot of people said that he wouldn’t be very hopeful 3 life. His mom always worried 4 his future, but he never did. “I knew I still had music to depend on. 5 everything else, I always believe in myself, but it is for my musical talent that I’m so sure 6 myself.” he said. Growing up in a single-parent family, Jay lived a lonely childhood. 7 many friends, he had a habit of daydreaming, dreaming into his world of music.
8 all the musical talent, it isn’t surprising that Jay started out 9 a songwriter. 10 the age of sixteen, he has been writing songs for many of the most popular singers. Today, he has already written for some of the most popular Asian singers, including Coco Lee, Jacky Wu, etc.

Ⅱ. 单句改错。
1. The great leader prefers to live between the working people.
2. The girl is in the window, looking out into the garden.
3. On last Friday we had stayed here for more than ten days.
4. I can take my holidays at any time besides in August.
5. She is going to London after three days’ time.
Grammar quiz 语法小测
选择最佳答案。
1. The teacher is writing ________ a piece of chalk on the blackboard while the students are writing ________ink in exercise books.
A. with, in B. in, with C. in, in D. with, with
2. If you run ________ two hares, you will catch neither.
A. into B. off C. after D. out of
3. I was wandering ____ the dark streets when I caught sight of a tailor’s shop.
A. across B. through C. by D. past
4. She felt disappointed when she found out they had gone swimming____ her.
A. but B. except C. except for D. without
5. In Hangzhou Mr Green was so struck ____ the beauty of nature that he stayed there ____ another night.
A. at; on B. with; at C. for; in D. by; for
6. I made the coat ____ my own hands. It was made ____ hand, not with a machine.
A. in; in B. in; with C. with; by D. with; with
7. Japan is ____ the east of China.
A. in B. at C. to D. on
8. Go ____ the gate and you’ll find the entrance ____ the park ____ the other side.
A. through; to; on B. along; of; on C. down; to; at D. up; of; by
本版在线名师：蔡炳成
（特别提示：本版参考答案见下期B3版）
第27期B3版Keys:
语法专练 (One possible version)
I.
1. at 2. into 3. in 4. about 5. For 6. of 7.Without 8.With 9. as 10. Since
II.
1. among 2. at 3. By 4. except 5. in
语法小测
1-5 ACBDD 6-8 CCA
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