名词性从句高考热点透视(网友来稿)
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山东省平邑二中 高呈宝 平邑县仲里中学 沈萍
名词性从句几乎每年高考都要考,在各种题目中也经常出现,它也是复合句中比较难以掌握的语法内容之一,因此应切实掌握这一考点。其中名词性从句的连接词的考查是重中之重,考生如何正确理解句子的含义,选取正确的连接词,是把握好这一类题目的关键。
　 名词性从句包括表语从句、宾语从句、主语从句和同位语从句.其关联词有that, if , whether, who, what, which, when, where, why等。
　　笔者把最近几年的有关名词性从句的高考试题进行了分类整理,并加以分析,同时又加注了各种名词性从句的基本特点,希望能为同学们掌握好名词性从句的用法提供一些帮助。
　　一、表语从句的考查
　　表语从句在句子中作表语,位于主句中的系动词之后。
　　[考例1] - Are you still thinking about yesterday's game?
　　-Oh, that's_______ . (2003北京春季)
　　A. what makes me feel excited_______
　　B. whatever I feel excited about
　　C. how I feel about it
　　D. when I feel excited
　　解析:本题全句意为：“你还在考虑昨天的比赛吗？”“我，正是这件事使我激动不已。”关键词语"still thinking about yesterday's game”决定必然用表语从句what makes me feel excited ,表示比赛留下久久不能忘怀的印象,现在还在thinking;B项是泛泛而指,当然不行;C和D项内容与上下文问题无关。故答案为A.
[考例2]（2001上海春招）What the doctors really doubt is ______ my mother will recover
from the serious disease soon.
A.when B. how C.whether D.why
解析：本题题意为“医生真正怀疑的是我母亲是否将会从严重的疾病中恢复”。这里是表语从句，根具题意，故答案为A.
　　[考例3]Perseverance is a kind of quality ,and that's_______ it takes to do anything well.( 2002上海春季)
　　A. what B. that C. which D. why
　　解析:本题考查表语从句中引导词的用法。What既引导表语从句又在从句中作takes的宾语,构成"It takes sth. to do sth."的句型。答案为A。
　　二、宾语从句的考查
　　宾语从句在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语.如果主句的谓语动词是及物动词make, find, see, hear等,则把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后,用it作形式宾语.另外,某些作表语的形容词,如sure, happy, glad, certain等之后也可以带宾语从句。
　　[考例4]Mr. Hall understands that_______maths has always been easy for him, it is not easy for the students. ( 2003安徽春季)
　　A. unless B. since C. although D. when
　　解析:该题考查连词在宾语从句中的用法.观察题干Mr. Hall understands是主句,其后有that引导的宾语从句,可将该句简化为: _______maths has always been easy for him,it is not easy for the students.分析简化后的句子可知,maths has always been easy for him与it is not easy for the students之间含有转折关系,其他选项不合题干逻辑。故答案为C。
[考例5](NMET2001)A computer can only do______you have instructed it to do.
A. how B.after C.what D.when
　　解析:这是一个宾语从句,do后面缺少宾语,what在句中既引导宾语从句，又作do的宾语．故答案为C。
　　三、主语从句的考查
　　主语从句在从句中作主语,它可以放在主句谓语动词之前,但多数情况下由it作形式主语,而把主语从句放在主句之后。
　　[考例6]_______fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.(2002上海春季)
　　A.What B.That C.This D.Which
　　解析:这是含有一个主语从句的句子。因为主语从句句意完整,只缺一个引导词，所以要选that。这句话的意思是"国与国之间的时装差异可以从一个方面反映出其文化的差异"。答案为B。
　　[考例7]_______ she couldn't understand was_______ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.( 2000上海，27)
　　A.What;why B.That; what C.What; because D.Why; that
　　解析:答案为A。主语从句she couldn't understand缺少宾语,要用what引导。表语从句fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons是一个完整的句子,要用why引导,意思是"为什么越来越少的学生对她的课感兴趣。"
　　四、同位语从句的考查
　　同位语从句一般跟在某些抽象名词概念的名词后面,用以说明名词所表示的具体内容,常跟同位语从句的名词主要有:fact, idea, news, promise, answer, belief, condition, doubt, fear, hope, problem, proof, question, reply, report, suggestion, thought, truth等。
[考例8（2003上海）There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars
_______ road conditions need________.
A.that;to be improved B.which; to be improved
C.where; improving D.when;improving
　　解析:that引导从句作problem的同位语,解释problem的具体内容.这句话的意思是"私人汽车的普及牵涉到一个新的问题，即路况需要改进”。由于problem与同位语从句被其大量的修饰成分隔开来,增加了试题的难度。答案A.
　　[巩固练习]
　　1.Go and get your coat.It's_______you left it.
　　A.there B.where C.there were D.where there
　　2._______he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
　　A.What B.That C.The fact D.The manner
　　3._______ the sports meet will be held depends on the weather.
　　A.When ever B.If C.Whether D.That
　　4.The problem is_______ he has enough time.
　　A.if B.whether C./ D.that
　　5.The news_______ Tom won the game made us excited.
　　A.which B.that C.when D.what
　　6.He made a promise_______ he would help me.
　　A.what B.when C.that D.which
　　7.I remember_______ this used to be a quiet village.
　　A.how B.when C.where D.what
　　8._______ beat Xiao Wang black and blue is not known.
　　A.Whom B.Whoever C.Who D.What
　　9.It is generally considered unwise to give a child_______ he or she wants.
　　A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.wherever
　　10._______we can't get seems better than_______we have.
　　A.What; what B.What; that C.That; that D.That; what
　　答案与简析:
　　1.B.where引导表语从句,在从句中作状语,表示放东西的地点.there不能引导表语从句。
　　2. A.what引导主语从句,作said的宾语。
　　3.C.whether引导主语从句,if不能引导位于句首的主语从句,A、D不合题意。
　　4.B.whether引导表语从句,而不用if。
　　5.B.同位语从句说明news的具体内容,只用that引导,不能省略.不用which引导,that只起连接作用,不作句子成分。
　　6.C.that引导同位语从句,说明promise的具体内容。
　　7.B.when引导宾语从句,表示"那时,这是个僻静的村庄"。village已有quiet修饰,不能再用how引导从句,C、D不合题意。
　　8.C.首先排除D ,who引导主语从句并作从句的主语,whom不能作主语,whoever则表示"无论谁",与句意不符。
　　9. B.whatever引导宾语从句,在从句中作wants的宾语。用whichever引导,则表示"任何一个",与题意不符,A、D都只能作状语。
　　10. A.what引导主语、宾语从句,可作从句中的主语或宾语,而that引导名词性从句时在句子中不作成分。
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