高考英语陷阱题总结归纳——短语动词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
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高考英语陷阱题总结归纳——短语动词
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. When he realized the police had seen him， the man ______ the exit as quickly as possible.
A. made off B. made for
C. made out D. made up
【陷阱】容易误选A.
【分析】正确答案应选B.make for 意为“移向，走向”。最具干扰性的选项是A，因为make off 的意思是“匆匆逃走”。之所以不能选A，是因为 make off 不及物，其后不能接宾语；而 make for 是及物的，其后可以接宾语。另外两个选项的意思是：make out 指“勉强了解，开出（支票等），成功”；make up 指“弥补，虚构，整理，编辑，化妆”。
2. Now and then they would ______ our house and have a talk with us.
A. call on B. drop in at
C. drop in on D. drop in
【陷阱】几个干扰项均容易误选。
【分析】答案应选B.drop in 意为“顺便走访，不预先通知的拜访”，为不及物动词，其后不接宾语，若要接宾语，遵循以下原则：表示拜访某人，后接介词on；表示拜访某地，后接介词at.call 表示“拜访”时也遵循以上原则，即 call at 后接地点，call on 后接人。
3. “Why didn’t you write？” “My ink has _______.”
A. used up B. run out of
C. given away D. given out
【陷阱】几个干扰项均容易误选。
【分析】最佳答案为D.give out 有很多意思，如表示“分发，发出（气味、热等），发表，用尽，精疲力竭”等，此题取其“用尽”之义。选项A和B很具干扰性，它们均可表示“用完，用尽”，但是它们是及物的，其后应接宾语。假若将选项A改为been used up 也可以选。
4. I think your health will soon ______ if you have a holiday on the seaside.
A. give up B. pick up
C. take up D. get up
【陷阱】几个干扰项均容易误选。
【分析】答案选B.pick up 的意思很多，其中一个用法是表示“恢复，改进，改善”。如：
The weather may pick up. 天气会好转的。
Business is picking up again. 生意又有所好转。
除此之处还可表示“拿起，捡起；收拾，整理；学会，获得；（用车）来接，去取；重新开始，继续；感染（疾病、坏习惯等）”等。
其他几个选项的意思分别为：give up 意为“放弃”；take up 意为“开始（学习或从事等），继续，占去，接纳，提出”；get up 意为“起床”。
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. To our surprise the stranger _____ to be an old friend of my mother’s.
A. turned out B. turned up
C. set out D. set up
2. All the girls swam in the lake except two， who _____ halfway.
A. gave off B. gave up
C. gave away D. gave out
3. If the new arrangement doesn’t _____， we’ll go back to the old one.
A. work over B. work out
C. work up D. work in
4. “Have great changes taken place in your village？” “Yes， A new school was ______ in the village last year.”
A. held up B. set up
C. sent up D. brought up
5. I had to ______ because someone else wanted to use the phone.
A. give up B. put up
C. hang up D. ring up
6. Elephants would ______ if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wished.
A. die down B. die out
C. die away D. die off
7. My study of biology has ___C___ much of my spare time， but it has given me a great deal of enjoyment.
A. taken off B. taken down
C. taken up D. taken away
8. The plan ___ just because people were unwilling to co-operate（合作）。
A. broke down B. pulled down
C. turned down D. put down
9. The government has _______ the parents to work with teachers in the education of their children.
A. asked for B. called for
C. looked forD. paid for
10. John has put on so much weight recently that his mother has to ______ all his trousers to his measure.
A. let out B. give away
C. bring in D. make up
11. I can ______ some noise while I’m studying， but I can’t stand very loud noise.
A. put up with B. get rid of
C. have effect on D. keep away from
12. The mother often tells her son to be a good boy， warning him to ______ trouble.
A. hold back fromB. keep out of
C. break away from D. get rid of
13. To my surprise， the manager ______ 30 dollars from my salary without any good reason.
A. cut off B. held up
C. brought down D. kept back
14. Steven has a lot of work to _______ in the office since he has been away for quite a few days.
A. take up B. make up
C. work outD. carry out
15. Although Jane agrees with me on most points， there was one on which she was unwilling to _______.
A. give out B. give in
C. give away D. give off
16. You should ______ what your parents expect of you.
A. live up to B. stand up to
C. look up to D. run up to
17. I can hardly believe my eyes. What a poor composition you have _______. There are so many wrong spellings in it.
A. turned into B. turned off
C. turned to D. turned in
18. “Why don’t we go for a picnic this weekend？” “Good idea！ I would ______ the car and you’ll prepare the food.”
A. look after B. take care of
C. see about D get down to
19. How I wish that I could ______ my ideas in simple and wonderful English when chatting on the net.
A. set out B. set off
C. set over D. set up
20. Some kinds of animals can _______ the colour of their surroundings.
A. take on B. dress up
C. put on D. get into
◆答案与解析◆
1. 选A.turn out 意为“结果是，原来是”等；turn up 意为“找到， 发现，出现，开大音量”等；set out 意为“开始，出发，陈述”等；set up 意为“设立，竖立，架起，升起，创（纪录），提出”等。
2. 选B.give up 意为“放弃”；give out 意为“分发，发出（气味、热等），发表，用尽，精疲力竭”；give away意为“送掉，分发，放弃，泄露，出卖”；give off 意为“发出（蒸汽、光等），长出（枝、杈等）”。
3. 选B.work out 在此表示“有预期结果”；work over 意为“调查，重做”；work up 意为“逐步建立，逐步发展”；work in 意为“配合，引进”。
4. 选B.set up 意为“建立”；hold up 意为“举起，支撑，继续下去，阻挡，拦截”；send up 意为“发出，射出，长出，使上升”；bring up 意为“教育，培养，提出”。
5. 选C.give up 指“放弃”，put up 指“举起，架起，修建，张贴”等，hang up 指“挂断（电话）”，ring up 指“给某人打电话”。
6. 选B.die away 指“（声音、风、光线等）渐息，渐弱”；die down 指“（慢慢）熄灭，平静下来”；die off 指“一个一个地死去”；die out 指“（家族、种族、习俗、观念等）灭绝，绝迹”。
7. 选C.take up 意为“开始（学习或从事等），继续，占去，接纳，提出”；take off意为“脱下，起飞，打折，请假”；take away 意为“取走”；take down 意为“写下，拆下”。
8. 选A.break down意为“中止，毁掉，压倒，停顿，倒塌”；pull down 意为“摧毁，推翻，使降低，使身体变差”；turn down 意为“拒绝，关小音量，减弱，降低”；put down 意为“放下，拒绝，镇压，削减，记下”。
9. 选B.call for 意为“要求，提倡”；ask for 意为“请求，索要”；look for 意为“寻找”；pay for 意为“为……付钱”。
10. 选A.let out 意为“放掉，泄露，放大，出租”；give away 意为“送掉，分发，放弃，泄露， 出卖，让步”；bring in 意为“生产， 挣得，介绍引进”；make up 意为“弥补，虚构，缝制，整理，和解，编辑，化妆”。
11. 选A.put up with 意为“忍受，容忍”；get rid of 意为“摆脱，消除，去掉”；have effect on 意为“对……有影响”；keep away from意为“远离，不接近”。
12. 选B.hold back from 意为“向……隐瞒”；keep out of 意为“使在……之外”；break away from 意为“脱离”；get rid of 意为“摆脱，消除，去掉”。
13. 选D.keep back 意为“扣下，留下，阻挡，隐瞒”；hold up意为“举起，支撑”；bring down 意为“打倒，击落，打死，降低”；cut off 意为“切断，断绝”。
14. 选B.make up 意为“弥补，虚构，整理，编辑，化妆”；take up 意为“拿起，开始从事，继续，吸收”；work out 意为“计算出，设计出，有预期结果”；carry out 意为“完成，实现，贯彻，执行”。
15. 选B.give in 意为“让步，屈服，上交”；give away 意为“分发，赠送，背弃，出卖，泄漏”； give off 意为“发出（光、热、声音、气味等）”；give out 意为“分发，散发，用完，耗尽，垮掉，失灵，出故障，发表，公布，发出（热、声音、信号等）”。
16. 选A.live up to 意为“实践，做到”；stand up to 意为“勇敢地抵抗”；look up to 意为“尊敬，仰望”；run up to 意为“达到，积累到”。
17. 选D.turn in 意为“上交，归还”；turn into 意为“进入，（使）变成”；turn to 意为“转向，变成，求助于，致力于”；turn off 意为“关掉，避开”。
18. 选C.see about 意为“查询，留意于”；look after和take careof均表示为“照顾，关心”；get down to 意为“开始认真考虑”。
19. 选A.set out 意为“陈述，陈列，出发，开始”；set off 意为“出发，动身”；set over 意为“移交，置于……上，指派……管理”；set up意为“设立，竖立，架起，升起，创（纪录），提出”。
20. 选A.take on 意为“披上，呈现，具有，雇用，接纳，流行”；dress up 意为“打扮，装饰，伪装”；put on 意为“穿上，把……放在上，装出，增加”；get into意为“进入，陷入，穿上”。
责任编辑：李芳芳

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