| 中学英语中常见的倒装结构
(人教版高三英语下册教学论文) |
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中学英语中常见的倒装结构 英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。把谓语动词放在主语之前，就叫做倒装结构。全部谓语放在主语之前，叫全部倒装；只把部分谓语动词即助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，叫部分倒装。倒装结构常用于下列结构。 一、 全部倒装 1. 直接引语的全部或部分放在句首且主语是名词。 “ He is a clever.” said the teacher. “ Go, Dick, go!” cried Tom, “ Go home and get help!” 2. 用于there be/ live/stand/lie/appear/seem/remain等表存在“有”的句型中。 There once lived a hunter in the house. There seems to be many listeners. There used to be a big tree in front of our classroom. 3. 用于“here/there/now/then/out/in/up/down/away等副词+不及物动词+主语”的句型中，以表强调。 Now comes your turn. Then came the war ages.然后是战争年代。 Here are some advertisements about English language training. Out rushed the boy. 注意：此情况只限于不及物动词或be 动词。若主语为代词时不倒装，只把该副词提前，不用进行时态。 Here she comes. Out he rushed. 4. 地点状语置于句首（尤为介词短语并且主语为名词，谓语为不及物动词） North of the city lies a big factory. From the valley came a frightening sound. 5．以such开头的句子中 Such will be our family in the future. Such are the facts. / Such is the fact. 6. 表语位于句首时，构成“表语形容词/过去分词/介词短语+连系动词+主语”这一倒装结构。 Present at the meeting are some famous scientists. Gone are the days when they could do what they like to the Chinese people. Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys. 7. 用于so, nor, neither开头的句子，表示上文所表示的含义也适用于另一人或物。谓语动词应于前句谓语时态保持一致。 He has been to Beijing. So have I. He went abroad last year. So did I. He is a student. So am I. If you don’t go to the cinema, nor will I. 注意：若后面的句子只是重复前面的句子意思，前后主语是同一人或物，尽管以so开头，语序不倒装。 ----- John won the first prize in the contest. ----- So he did. /So did Jack. ----- David has made great progress in English recently. ----- So he has. And so have you. 若是下种情况，须用句型so it is with… /It’s the same with… ----- I seldom go to the cinema, but I enjoy films on TV.（既有肯定又有否定） ----- So it is with Tom. / It’s the same with Tom. ----- I love playing football, and I’m fond of music, too. （谓语动词类型不同） ----- So it is with Tom. / It’s the same with Tom. 8. 为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时。 In the east of Asia lies China, with Beijing as its capital. 9. 表祝愿。 Long live Chairman Mao. May you succeed! / May he succeed! 祝你（他）成功。 二、 部分倒装 1.用于疑问句：Do you speak English? / Have you ever been to Beijing? 2.直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时，主语是名词，倒装；是代词，不倒装。“Let’s go”. said the man. / He said. 3.用于never, hardly, scarcely, nor, seldom, little, barely, nowhere, at no time(决不), by no means(决不), not for a moment(从未，一刻也没有,) not in the least(一点也不), in no way(决不), not (not once, not a single mistake)等否定副词或短语开头的句子中。 I have never read such a book. Never have I read such a book. He can hardly speak. Hardly can he speak. By no means will we give up. Nowhere have I found my pen. I don’t want to go, nor will I. 4.用于no sooner…than… , hardly/rarely/scarcely…when…句型中，表示“刚…就…”。 no sooner, hardly, rarely, scarcely置于句首，所在主句用过去完成时，从句一般为过去时。 Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started. No sooner had he heard the news than he rushed out into the street. 5. not until置于句首，主句多用倒装。（not until本身引导的句子不倒装） I didn’t know what had happened until he told me. Not until he told me did I know what had happened. Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework. 附：强调句型 It was not until the teacher came that he finished his homework. 6. not only…but also…not only but also连接两个并列句子时，not only所在句子多用倒装，but also所在句子则不用倒装。neither…nor…连接两个句子时，两个句子都倒装。 Not only is he clever but also he works hard. He was not quite himself. Neither did he eat anything nor could he fall asleep. 7. only修饰状语（副词，介词短语，状语从句）位于句首时。 Only this afternoon did I finish the novel. Only in this way can you master English. Only when you come will he be happy. 注意：only修饰主语时，不用倒装。 Only Tom knows this. 8.表示时间频率的状语副词位于句首，且表示强调时，用倒装语序。常用的频率状语副词有often, usually, always, now and then, once, many a time, every other day等。 Often did we warn them not to do so. Every other day does he go to see her mother. Many a time has he given me good advice. 9. 用语as引导的让步状语从句。可以把从句中的表语，状语或动词原形提前，被倒装的动词原形常于 may, might, will, would等连用，而这些词仍保留在原位置上。如表语是不带定语的单数可数名词，则前面的不定冠词 a(n)要省去。(严格说来，此种结构不算倒装) Difficult as the work was, it was finished ahead of time.(Though the work was difficult, it was….) Child as he is, he can speak good English. (Though he is a child, he can…..) Much as I like it, I will not buy it. (Though I like it very much, I ….) Hard as he tries, he can’t make great progress.(Though he tries hard, he ….) Try as he might, Tom couldn’t find a job. (Though he tried, Tom…..) 注：以上句型中的as可改成though 引导的陈述句式。 10.用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句中。将助动词 were, had 或should置于从句的主语之前。 Were I you, I would accept the invitation. Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him. Should it rain tomorrow, the crops would be saved. Were it to rain tomorrow, the crops would be saved. 11.用于so…that… , such… that引导的结果状语从句中。当将 so+形容词/副词或 such置于句首时，需倒装。 So badly was he injured in the accident that he was sent to hospital for treatment. Such was her cruelty that we all hated her. 特别注意：No matter how, however引导的状语从句中，不用倒装。 However difficult the problem is, I will try my best to work it out. No matter how difficult the problem is, I will try my best to work it out. A. However late is he B. However he is late C. However is he late D. However late he is 2. _______, I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John. (上海2001) A. As large as I have traveled B. Now that I have traveled so much C. Much as I have traveled D. As I have traveled so much 3. So difficult _______it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well. (上海2001) A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I fell 4. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life ________so happy!(2000春季) A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt 5. Only in this way ________do it well. A. must we B. we could C. can we D. we can 6. Hardly ______ when it began to rain. A. had he arrived B. arrived he C. he had arrived D. did he arrive 7. Jack is a student and studies at the No. 1 Middle school, _______. A. it was the same with Mike B. so it is with Mike C. so is Mike D. so does Mike 8. The doctor warned Pat against smoking as soon as possible and _______. A. so it was with Pat B. so did Pat C. Pat did so C. Pat does so 9. Mr. Smith promised to help me and _______the next day. A. neither he did B. so he did C. neither did he D. so did he 10. My wife is an engineer, and _______. A. I think so B. also am I C. so I am D. so am I 11. _______your letter, I would have started off two days ago. A. If I could have received B. If I received C. Should I receive D. Had I received 12. Not until the bell rang _______ in. A. do they come B. came they C. did they come D. they came 13. At the gate ________a soldier _______uniform. A. lying, in B. lain, worn C. lie, wearing D. lay, in 14. Look! There ________ the bus! A. will come B. comes C. has come D. is coming 15. Not only ________ a waiter but he was an artist for a time. A. he is B. he was C. is he D. was he 16. Not a single mistake ________in the dictation today. A. did he make B. made by him C. he made D. he had made 17. _________the plane. A. Flew down B. Down flew C. Down was flying D. Down fly 18. So loudly ________that every one of the class could hear him. A. did he speak B. did he spoke C. spoke he D. he spoke 19. _______, we should go for a picnic. A. The weather is fine B. Should the weather be fine C. The weather be fine D. Is the weather fine 20. _______he realized it was too late to go home. A. No sooner it grew dark when B. Hardly it grew dark when C. It was not until dark that D. To get dark 21. Not only _______polluted but _______crowded. A. was the city, were the streets B. the city was, were the streets C. was the city, the streets were D. the city was, the streets were 22. ---David has made great progress recently. ---_______and ________. A. So he was, so you have B. So he was, so have you C. So has he, so have you D. So has he, so you have 23. Not until the early years of 19th century _______what heat is.(MET89) A. man did know B. man knew C. didn’t man know D. did man know 24. Not until I began to work _______how much time I had wasted.(NMET90) A. didn’t I realize B. did I realize C. I didn’t realize D. I realized 25. ---Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother? ---I don’t know, _______. (NMET91) A. nor don’t I care B. nor do I care C. I don’t care neither D. I don’t care also 26. Not until all the fish died in the river, _______how serious the pollution was. A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realize D. didn’t the villagers realize 27. _______, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together. (NNMET97) A. However late is he B. However he is late C. However is he late D. However late he is DCDDC/ABCBD/DCDBD/ABABC/CBDBB/AD 责任编辑：李芳芳 |
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