| 高中英语介词专题
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高中英语介词专题 （以字母为序） 注：为拓宽同学们的知识面，同时列举出介词作为副词的用法及短语。 一、about 【释义】 1. 关于;对于 My mother often spoke to me about you. 家母常和我谈起你。 2. 在...的附近;在...的周围She sat up and looked about her. 她坐了起来,环顾四周。 3. 在...的身边I had no money about me. 我身边没有带钱。 4. 大约在...时候 It happened about 5 o'clock in the morning. 这事发生在早晨约莫五点钟的时候。 5. 从事于What the hell are you about? 你到底在做什么? 6. 在...身上;在...的性格中What I like about him is his sense of humor. 【短语】 arrange about安排 argue about辩论 ask about询问 come about 发生 bring about带来 care about在意;关心;担心 go about着手;到处走动 set about 开始做某事;攻击某人 inquire about打听 see about负责;处理 worry about着急;担心 be about to---when---正要---在那时 【高考链接】 (2006辽宁卷) People have always been curious ____ how living things on the earth exactly began. A. in B. at C. of D. about (2006湖南卷) It's already 10 o'clock I wonder how it _______ that she was two hours late on such a short trip. A. came over B. came out C. came about D. came up (2006浙江卷)We’re trying to ring you back, Bryan, but we think we ________ your number incorrectly. A. looked up B. took down C. worked out D. brought about (2009陕西卷) Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time. A. of which B. with which C about which D. into which 二、across 【释义】 1. 横越,穿过 We walked across the street. 我们穿过马路。 2. 在...那边 He stared at the Englishman across the table. 他两眼一直盯着坐在桌子对面的那个英国人。 3. 与...相交叉 The two lines cut across each other. 两条线相互交叉。 【短语】 get across (将…)清楚;(使)被了解;克服;达成;说明 cut across 抄近路穿过，对直通过;走捷径，抄近路 go across 穿过,渡过;不顺利 come across 偶遇;无意中发现;讲得清楚明白;[口]给人…印象 run across 穿越,横穿;偶然碰到 across from在…对面 across measure横量;横度 across the world全世界;世界各地;整个世界 【高考链接】 (2008江苏卷) We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving across ______ continent. A. the; the B.不填;the C. the; 不填 D. 不填;不填 (2009江苏卷) Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, reduce unemployment pressures. 三、against 【释义】 1. 反对;违反The fight against inflation has been going on for almost two years. 抑制通货膨胀的战斗已展开近两年了。 2. 逆;对着 They sounded a sharp warning against all these tendencies. 对于这种种倾向,他们发出了严厉的警告。 3. 倚;靠 His desk is against the wall. 他的办公桌靠墙放着。 4. 以...为背景 The little red house looks so beautiful against the green woods. 那座红色的小屋在翠绿的森林衬托下显得很美。 5. 防备;预防 We bought some warm clothes against the coming winter. 我们添置了一些御寒的衣服以迎接即将来临的冬季。 6. 不利于 She has said nothing against you. 【短语】turn against 背叛 defend against防卫...以免于... 【高考链接】 (2010天津卷) My father warned me _______ going to the West Coast because it was crowed with tourists. A. by B. on C. for D. against (2010四川卷) Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back a big tree. A. in B. below C. beside D. against 四、as 【释义】 as的介词意思为“作为”时常用搭配有： (1) act/work/serve as充当 /担任…… (2) treat/regard/consider/think of/look upon/refer to…as……把……看成 (3) be known/famous as…作为……而闻名 【高考链接】 (2004广东卷) I feel that one of my main duties_________ a teacher is to help the students to become better learners. A. for B. by C. as D. with (2008全国卷I) Let’s learn to use the problem we are facing _____ a stepping-stone to future success. A. to B. for C. as D. by ★1. as用于倍数表达法： A)倍数+as…as 是……几倍 B)倍数+the (size/length/width/height…) of… 体积（长、宽、高）是……的几倍 【高考链接】 ① (2005湖北卷) What a table! I’ve never seen such a thing before. It is_______it is long. A. half not as wide as B. wide not as half as C. not half as wide as D. as wide as not half ② (2005上海卷) At a rough estimate, Nigeria is __________Great Britain. A. three times the size as B. the size three times of C. three times as the size of D. three times the size of 2.as 用于比较级表达法： A) as+形容词/副词+.as …和……一样…… B) not so/as+形容词/副词+as……不如…… 【高考链接】 ① ( 2005湖南卷)The more I think about him, the more reasons I find for loving him _____ I did A. as much as B. as long as C. as soon as D. as far as 解析：as much as I did ：跟我以前做过的事那样多，在这里表示爱他跟以前自己做过的事那样多，意译就是：尽可能多的爱他。整句句意是：我想他想得越多，就越能找到更多尽可能多的爱他的理由。 ② (2003北京卷) Our neighbor has_______ ours. A. as a big house as B. as big a house as C. the same big house as D. a house the same big as 3.as 用于“as+形容词/副词+as”表程度。意为：长(高，宽，厚，重等)达…… 【高考链接】 ① (2003上海春) After supper she would sit by the fire sometimes for _____an hour, thinking of her young and happy days. A. as long as B. as soon as C. as much as D. as many as ②(2005安徽) John is the tallest boy in the class, ________according to himself. A. five foot eight as tall as B. as tall as five foot eight C. as five foot eight tall as D. as tall five foot right as 4.as引导非限定性定语从句的用法。意为:“正如;就象”。 注意：:as和which 引导非限定性定语从句的区别：1.as位置比较灵活，可以放在句中，句首，句尾。2.which不可以放在句首位置。 【高考链接】 ① (2005浙江卷) ________I explained on the phone your request will be considered at the next meeting. ② (04江苏卷）__________is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. A. Which B. When C. What D. As 5.as 用于引导让步状语从句用倒装句 其结构为：形容词/副词/名词/动词原型+as (though)+其它。注意：当表语为名词时，则名词前不加任何冠词。 【高考链接】 ① (2005重庆) ________, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. A.A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student ② (2005广东卷）_________,Carolina couldn’t get the door open. A. Might she as try B. As she might try C. She might as try D. Try as she might 6.as/so long as表示：“只要” 【高考链接】 (2003北京) ________I know the money is safe, I ’ll not worry about it. A. As long as B. As far as C. As well as D. As often as 7.as的连词用法。“当……时候”“随着”“一边……一边” 【高考链接】 ①(NMET1994) Mother was worried because little Alice was ill especially _________Father was away in France. A. as B. that C. during D. if ②(1990全国高考) ________the day went on, the weather got worse. A. With B. Since C. While D. As 8. as far as…表示：“据……”“就……”否定句用so far as 注意：(1)as far as I know…据我所知 (2)as far as I can judge 据我判断 (3)as far as I’m concerned就我而言，以我来说。【典例】 (2004北京春季) _________I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. A. As long as B .As far as C. Just as D. Even if 9. as a result/consequence 因而 【高考链接】 (2005江西卷) My friend Martin was very sick with a strange fever;_________, he could neither eat nor sleep. A. as a result B. after all C. any way D. otherwise 10. so as to 引导目的状语(不可置于句首) 【高考链接】 (2005辽宁卷) All these gifts must be mailed immediately _________in time for Christmas. A. in order to have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving 11. as 引导限制性定语从句,用于such/so/the same /as …as…中，其特点是“先行词”前有such/so/the same/as修饰。as可充当主语、宾语。 【题目链接】 ① (2005福建毕业班综合测试25) A computer is so useful a machine ________we can use everywhere. A. that B. which C. as D. what ② (2004福州高三质检31题) The man showed us so heavy a stone___________ no one can lift. A. that B. as C. which D. and ③ (2005陕西宝鸡模拟12) He is such a lazy man _________nobody wants to work with________ A. as; him B. that; 不填 C. as;不填 D. whom ;him 12.as 表达“……也一样”此用法类似于so的用法。 (1)She is unusually tall, as are both her parents.她特别高，她父母也都那么高。 (2) He has a computer,as do I.他有一台电脑，我也有。 13. not so much…as…不是……而是…… 【高考链接】 (成人高招1994) The great use of the school is not so much to teach you things ________to teach the art of learning. A. as B. than C. rather than D. nor 14. such as to 是（这样）以至于… The pain in her foot wasn’t such as to stop her walking. 他脚疼，但不至于不能走路 His illness is such as to cause him to stop school. 15. as it is事实上，实际上，照原样，照现状看。 Leave it as it is. 保持原样。 【短语】 1. as with …正如……遇到的情况一样。 As with young birds ,the time come for young people to leave their home. 正如小鸟遇到的情况一样，年轻人离开家的时间到了。 (2004湖北八校联考27) _________running, learning English needs will. A. as with B. as to C. as for D. as if 2. as well as=besides 1).除……之外 2). 和…… 3. as if=as though仿佛;好像 4. as a matter of fact事实上;其实 5. as a result结果;终于;因此 She studied hard. As a result, she made fast progress in the studies.她学习用功。因此她在学习方面进步很快。 6. as a result(或consequence)of--- 作为……结果,由于……结果 As a result of its rise in temperature the gas expands.由于温度上升,气体就膨胀。 7. as a rule作为一个常规;通常;习以为常 As a rule, we keep records on all the experiments so that we may have enough data.我们通常总是对所有的实验都作记录,以便得到足够的资料。 8. as a whole作为一个整体(来看)We should analyze the problem as a whole.我们应该把这个问题作为一个整体来分析。 9. as above如上 It has been explained as above. 这件事已在上面解释过了。 10. as follows如下 The text reads as follows. 原文如下。 五、at 【释义】 1. 在...时刻 Jane will meet her boy friend at Christmas. 简将在圣诞节和她男友见面。 2. 向;朝;对着 Don't shout at me. 别对我叫喊。 3. 在...方面 He is an expert at troubleshooting. 他是位排解争端的能手。 4. 因为;由于 I woke at the sound of the bell. 随着铃响,我醒了。 5. 从事于;忙于He is working hard at this thesis. 他正在努力地撰写论文。 6. 以(某种价格、速度等) They sold the cloth at a dollar a yard. 他们以每码一元的价格出售这种布。 【短语】 1. stare at盯着看 Crusoe stared at the footprint，full of fear. 克鲁索盯着脚印看，满心恐惧。 2. glare at怒目注视 The father glared at the naughty boy. 父亲怒视着那个淘气的男孩。 3. jump at跳向;欣然接受 Don't jump at a conclusion. 切勿轻断。Everybody jumped at the offer. 每个人都欣然接受了这一提议。 4. guess at猜，以为 I can't even guess at what you mean. 我猜不着（推测不出）你的意思。 5. be surprised at对……感到惊奇 We were surprised at the beautiful girl's rudeness. 我们对那位漂亮姑娘的粗鲁而感到惊奇。 6. grab at抓住不放 7. gaze at注视，凝视 What are you gazing at？你在注视什么？ 8. glance at看一下，看一眼 Would you like to glance at the clock？请看一下几点钟了好吗？ 9. work hard at努力学习 He is working hard at Russian. 他在用功读俄文。 10. be good at善于 My father is best at drawing. 我父亲最擅长于画画。 11. arrive at到达 When did you arrive at the bus-stop？你何时到达汽车站的？ 12. sell／buy at以（的价格）卖出（买进） They sell their fridges at the lowest price. 他们以最低价销售电冰箱。 13. at war 在战争期间 【高考链接】 (2010天津卷)Mark _______ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early. A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. couldn’t 六、besides 【释义】 1.除…之外(还有) He has another car besides this. 除了这辆车外，他还有一辆。 Mary knows Japanese besides French. 除法语外，玛丽还懂日语。 2.除…之外(不再有)(用于否定句) I care for nothing besides this. 除此之外，我什么也不要。 【用法】其后除接名词或代词外，还可接动名词或名词性从句。 Besides being a teacher, he was a poet. 除了是位教师外，他还是位诗人。 Have you nothing to tell us besides what we have already heard? 除了我们已经得知的消息外，你难道没有什么可以告诉我们的吗? I know nothing besides what I have told you. 除了我已对你说的之外，其他的我别无所知。 ★besides adv. 此外;而且=also I don’t want to come out now, and besides, I must work. 我现在不想出去，而且我还得工作。 The task is very difficult; besides, time presses. 任务艰巨，而且时间紧迫。 【高考链接】 (2007全国II卷) Some people choose jobs for other reasons _______ money these days. A. for B. except C. besides D. with (2004全国I) I don’t mind picking up your things from the store. ______, the walk will do me good. A. Sooner or later B. Still C. In time D. Besides (1981年高考)We need fifteen more people our team to do the job. A. but B. except C. as well D. besides (1989年高考) Does John know any other foreign language French? A. except B. but C. besides D. beside 七、beyond 【释义】 1. 在（或向）----较远的一边 The road continues beyond the village up into the hills.那条路经过村子后又往上延伸到群山中。 2. 晚于;迟于 ＝means later than a particular time It won’t go on beyond midnight.这事不会延续到午夜以后。 3. more than sth 超出;除---之外 Our success was beyond what we thought possible She got nothing beyond her state pension(政府养老金)。 4. 表示不可能 The bicycle was beyond repair (= is too badly damaged to repair) The situation is beyond our control.我们已无法控制这一局势。 【高考链接】 (2008江苏卷 28)—Why do you suggest we buy a new machine? —Because the old one has been damaged_______. A. beyond reach B. beyond repair C. beyond control D. beyond description 5. 超出---之外;非---力所能及 The handle was just beyond my reach（差一点才能够着） 【高考链接】 (2006福建卷) Sorry, Madam. You’d better come tomorrow because it’s ________the visiting hours. A. during B. at C. beyond D. before 6. be beyond sb使人无法想象（或理解、做等） It's beyond me why she wants to marry Jeff.我无法理解她为什么想嫁给杰夫。 【短语】 1. beyond recognition 2. beyond belief 3. beyond compare 4. beyond remedy（无法治疗） 5. beyond reproach（这个我不确定---） 6. beyond imagination (超乎想象）或者beyond sb.(对某人来说难以想象） 【高考链接】 (2006安徽卷) It’s quite me why such things have been allowed to happen. A. for B. behind C. against D. beyond (2006江苏卷) This new model of car is so expensive that it is _____the reach of those with average income. A. over B. within C. beyond D. below (2008陕西卷)Elizabeth has already achieved success her wildest dreams. A. at B. beyond C. within D. upon (2009全国I) Everybody was touched ________ words after they heard her moving story. A. beyond B. without C. of D. in 八、by 【释义】 1. 靠近;在---旁边 The telephone is by the window. 2. 通常置于表被动的动词后，表示使为者 Who’s that book by? 谁是那本书的作者？ 3. 表示方式 I will contact you by letter. 4. (置于不带the的名词前，表示原因)由于 They met by chance. 他们不期而遇。I did it by mistake. 我误做了这事。 5. 不迟于;在---之前 I’ll have it done by tomorrow. 我将于明天之前让人做完这件事。 6. ＝past sb/sth 经过 He walked by me without speaking. 7. 在---期间;处于某种状况to travel by day/ night 白天/ 夜间旅行 We had to work by candlelight. 我们不得不借助烛光工作。 8. 表示程度、数量 The bullet missed him by two inches. 子弹只差两英寸就击中他了。 House prices went up by 10%. It would be better by far(=much better) to---那比---好得多 9. =according to 从---看;依;按照 By my watch it is two o’clock. 我的表是两点钟。 I could tell by the look on her face that something terrible had happened. 从她的脸色我可以看出，发生了可怕的事情。 By law, you are a child until you are 18. 按照法律规定，18岁之前是未成年人。 10. 表示触及或抓住的人或物的部分 I took him by the hand. 11. 与the连用，表示时间或度量单位 We rented the car by the day. They’re paid by the hour. 12. 表示速率 They’re improving day by day. 他们在一天天地改进。 13. 补充有关出生地、职业等的信息 He’s German by birth. 他是德国血统。 14. （起誓时用）以---的名义 I swear by Almighty God---我以全能上帝之名发誓--- 15. 表示尺寸时用 The room measures fifteen feet by twenty feet. 这个房间15英尺宽20英尺长。 【短语】 1. by far与比较级连用，通常要放在比较级之后，若放在比较级前，则比较级通常应带有冠词the。 如：He is cleverer by far than her. It’ s by far the quicker to go by train. by far用于“… the +比较级+(名词)+(of…)”句型之中 1997 The second part, and by far the harder of the two (2006江西卷) I don't think this film is by far the most boring. I have seen . A. better B. worse C. the best D. the worst 2. come by经过;得到It was a hard job to come by. 3. by chance 碰巧 【高考链接】 (2010江西卷) Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients____ name, not case number. A. of B. as C. by D. with (2008北京卷) If you really have to leave during the meeting, you’d better leave ____ the back door. A. for B. by C. across D. out (2008福建卷) A great man shows his greatness _____ the way he treats little man. A. under B. with C. on D. by (2007 安徽卷) —Didn't you have a good time at the party? —Of course I did. As a matter of fact, I had such fun that time seemed to _______ so quickly. A. go by B. go away C. go out D. go over (1999年上海) The number of the employees has grown from l,000 to l,200. This means it has risen ______ 20 percent. A. by B. at C. to D. with (1994年高考) We all write , even when there's not much to say. A. now and then B. by and by C. step by step D. more or less (1997全国卷)The train leaves at 6:00 pm. So I have to be at the station 5:40 pm at the latest. A. until B. after C. by D. around (1998全国卷)Cleaning women in big cities usually get _____by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay 九、for 【释义】 1. 为;为了They fought for national independence. 他们为民族独立而战。 This letter is for you. 这是你的信。 2. 代替;代表 We used boxes for chairs. 我们用箱子当椅子坐。 3. 因为;由于I am sorry for what I said to you. 我后悔不该对你讲那些话。 4. 在(指定时间) The meeting is arranged for 9 o'clock. 会议安排在九点钟。 5. (表示时间、距离等)达,计 You can see for miles from the roof. 你站在屋顶上可以看到数英里之外。 6. 对于;关于;在...方面 I am too old for the job. 我年纪太大,做不了这工作。 7. 为得到;为赢得 He sent the waiter for a packet of cigarettes. 他让侍者去拿一盒香烟。 8. 以...为代价;以...交换 He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。 9. 当作;作为 Do you take me for a millionaire? 你是不是把我当百万富翁? 10. 赞成;支持;倾向于 Are you for the government or against it? 你是支持还是反对政府? 11. 朝...方向去;往;向 He left for Taipei. 他出发去台北。 12. 就...而言 She is sophisticated for her age. 就年龄而言她是世故了一点。 【短语】 for a loss处于苦恼中 for a rainy day以防不时之需 for a reason of state以国家的利益为理由(指执政者的借口) for a wonder说来奇怪 for account of为...代销 for all I care与我无关 for all that虽然如此 for an instant片刻, 一瞬间 for any sake无论如何 for company陪着 【高考链接】 (2010北京卷) Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are everyone's enjoyment. A. in B. at C. for D. to (2010福建卷) More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities space. A. in search of B. in place of C. for lack of D. for fear of (2007北京卷) This is a junior school. You should go to a senior school _____girls of your age. A. for B. about C. from D. to (2007全国卷) The manager suggested an earlier date ____________ the meeting. A. on B. for C. about D. with (1983高考) Egypt is famous its pyramids. A. of B. in C. about D. for 十、from 【释义】 1. 从...起,始于She is singing from morning to night. 她从早唱到晚。 2. 从;由He rose from office boy to managing director in fifteen years. 他十五年里从办公室勤杂员升到总经理。 3. 离(开)Our school is two miles from the station. 我们学校离车站两英里。 4. 从...来;出自He comes from Shanghai. 他来自上海。 5. (表示去除、免掉、阻止、剥夺等)The pill will relieve you from pain. 这药丸将使你免受痛苦。 6. (表示区别、比较)He is old enough to know right from wrong. 他已长大,能够辨别是非了。 7. (表示原料)由Flour is made from wheat. 面粉由小麦制成。 8. 因为,由于;出于He wasn't ill; he stayed in bed from laziness. 他没病,躺在床上是因懒惰之故。 He is trembling from fear. 他吓得发抖。 【短语】 apart from除...以外 depart from离开;起程;开出 die from由于...而死;因...致死 far from远离;决不;完全不 keep from阻止;使免于;隐瞒 result from是(由)...造成的 tell---from---辨别 keep/prevent/stop/discourage sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事 keep sth. from sb.将某事瞒着某人 separate ... from把...和...分隔 be made from由...制成 from bad to worse每况愈下 freedom from anxiety / fear无忧无虑/无所畏惧 【高考链接】 (2010江苏卷) So far we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is________ ideal. We have to work still harder. A. next to B. far from C. out of D. due to 十一、in 【释义】 1. 在...之内;在...方面 He is lacking in courage. 他缺乏勇气。 2. 从事于;参加 he is in business. 她做生意。 3. 穿着;戴着He is dressed in black. 他穿黑衣服。 4. 朝;向She hurried away in the opposite direction. 她朝相反的方向匆匆离去。 5. (表示手段、方法、材料)用;以They paid in cash. 他们用现金支付。 6. 在...期间;在...以后He'll come back in a week. 他将于一周之后回来。haven't met her in a long time.我好长时间没有遇见她了。 7. 处在...中The room was in disorder. 房间里乱七八糟。 8. (表示数量、程度、比例)按,以;在...中One child in twenty has this disease. 二十个小孩中有一个患有这种疾病。 9. 在...身上,在...上 In him I see a future leader. 我在他身上看到了一个未来的领袖人物。 10. (表示过程)在...当儿;在...过程中 he work is in progress. 这工作正在进行中。 12. (表示动作的方向和结果)进入到...中;成,为He pushed a button and set the machine in motion. 他按下按钮开动了机器。 【短语】 be absorbed in专心致力于... be abundant in富于;...丰富 be in for参加(竞赛、考试等) be occupied in忙于...;正从事... consist in在于;存在于 count in把...计算在内 employ oneself in使忙于;使从事于 engage in从事于;参加 in accordance with与...一致;按照;根据 in advance of在...的前面;超过 in all directions向四面八方 in charge主管;在...掌管之下 in comparison with与...比较 in debt to sb.欠债;欠情 in error弄错了的;错误地 in face of面对;纵然;即使 in good health身体好 in regard to关于 in relation to关于;有关;与...相比 in return for作为...的交换 in some ways在某些方面 in some/a way 在某种程度上 in the case of就...来说;至于 in return 作为回报 in the name of以...的名义;代表 in the way挡道的;妨碍人的 in this case既然是这样 keep in mind记住 keep in touch with和...保持联系 major in专攻;专修 result in引起;结果是;导致 take pride in以...自豪 engaged in从事，忙于 in word口头上（指以仅以口头的形式表示） in words用语言（仅涉及语言文字本身） in the charge of被... 管理，在...管理之下 in one's mind想着，考虑 in harmony with与...协调,与...相符合 in the/sb's way in the sight of在某人看来 in connection with ....关联,关于 take in欺骗;理解;收留 in relief 如释重负 in terms of 就---而言 【高考链接】 (2010江西卷) We give dogs time, space and love we can spare, and , dogs give us their all. A. in all B. in fact C. in short D. in return The kind old couple offered to _____the poor homeless child, though life was hard for them. (武汉市2011届高中毕业生二月调研) A. bring in B. put in C. take in D. turn in 十二、off 【释义】 1. 离开...,隔着...;在(离岸边不远的)海面(lie off) He lifted a cup off the table. 他从桌上拿起一只杯子。 2. 从...脱落;...掉下 fall off 3. 偏离...;失去...You're going off the subject. 你们离题了。 4. 通向...;从...分岔The dining room is off the living room. 餐室通向起居室。 5. 戒掉...;停服...He is off smoking. 他戒烟了。 6. 低于...;折价He offered to take 10% off the price. 他表示愿意按原价减去百分之十。 7. 休息 【短语】 badly off 贫困，贫穷 worse off 情况较差 well off 富裕 better off 情况较好 right off 立刻，马上 (= straight off) be off离开 take off［飞机等］起飞;脱下 put off推延［时间］ hurry off匆忙离开... turn off关掉... get off下车 have /take/ask for a day off请假/离开一天 fall off从...掉下 give off发出［光、热、气味等］ keep off让开，不接近 cut off 切断 【高考链接】 (2004江苏卷) The sports meet will be till next week because of bad weather. A. put off B. put away C. put up D. put down 十三、over 【释义】 1. 在...之上,在正上方 We live over a small bookstore. 我们住在一家小书店的楼上。 2. 遍及,到处 3. (职位等)高于;支配;监督He never tries to curry favor with those over him. 他从不去讨好上司。 4. 在...期间My grandchildren will stay over Christmas. 我的孙儿孙女们圣诞节期间将呆在这儿。 5. 一面...一面...They chatted over a cup of coffee. 他们一边喝咖啡一边聊天。 6. 通过...媒介She told me over the telephone about it. 她在电话里把这事告诉了我。 7. 关于;在...方面 【短语】 run over 造访 take over 接管 go over 复习;察看 get over克服 【高考链接】 (2008全国卷) After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane______ her job as a doctor in the countryside. A. set out B. took over C. took up D. set up (2007湖北卷) If we can our present difficulties, then everything should be all right. A. come across B. get over C. come over D. get off (2007浙江卷) Would you please ______ this form for me to see if I’ve filled it in right? A. take off B. look after C. give up D. go over 十四、on 【释义】 1. 靠近;在...旁;沿着She stood on my left. 她站在我左边。 2. 在...的时候;在...后立即He jumped with joy on hearing the news. 他一听到这个消息就高兴得跳了起来。 3. 关于;有关The teacher made comments on our compositions. 老师就我们的作文作了讲评。 4. 以...方式;通过Did you hear it on the radio? 你是从收音机听到这消息的吗? 5. 凭...;靠...;使用...,吃...They said they were acting on instructions. 他们说他们是奉命行事。 6. 处于...状态;进行中 7. 属于...;参加...;是...的成员He is on the school volleyball team. 他是校排球队队员。 8. 由...支付 Have another coffee on me. 再来一杯咖啡,我请客。 【短语】 go on 继续 carry on 继续 work on继续工作;致力于 be keen on 喜爱 have on 穿着（无进行时） on condition that---如果 on the phone 在打电话 【高考链接】 (2010辽宁卷) I agree to his suggestion ____ the condition that he drops all charges. A. by B. in C. on D. to (2006浙江卷) I would like a job which pays more, but ________ I enjoy the work I’m doing at the moment. A. in other words B. on the other hand C. for one thing D. as a matter of fact (2007上海春招) Dolly wants to cycle round the world and she is really keen the idea. A. on B. for C. at D. with 十五、through 【释义】 1. 穿过;通过 The river runs through our village. 这条河穿过我们的村子。 2. 以;用;凭借She got the position through her older brother. 她通过她哥哥获得那个职位。 3. 由于;因为They became unemployed through no fault of their own. 他们的失业不是由于自身的过失造成的。 4. 从...开始至终;在...整个期间He read through the manuscript. 他把手稿从头到尾看了。 5. 遍及;在...各处;在...之间,在...之中She has traveled through Europe. 她已游遍欧洲。 6. 完成;(做)完;(耗)尽We all got through our examinations.我们考试都通过了。 7. 【美】从...直至 I'll be staying at camp for five days, Monday through Friday. 我将露营五天,从星期一到星期五。 【短语】 break through突围;突破 come through经历...仍活着 cut through用锋利的金属切割某物;穿过;穿透 drag through缓慢穿越;慢慢通过（某障碍）drive through驱车穿越 drop through没能完成 fall through失败;落空 get through完成;通过;被理解;打通（电话） go through遭受;经历;检查;被通过 live through度过;经受住 look through浏览;详尽检查 see through看穿;识破 【高考链接】 (2006全国卷III)There were a lot of people standing at the door and the small girl couldn’t get _______. A. between B. through C. across D. beyond (2007江苏卷) You may not have played very well today, but at least you’ve got through to the next round and _________. A. tomorrow never comes B. tomorrow is another day. C. never put off till tomorrow D. there is no tomorrow 十六、to 【释义】1. 向;往;到This road leads to Paris. 这条路通往巴黎。 2. (表示时间)直到;在...之前He wrote from morning to night. 他从早到晚写东西。 4. (表示程度、范围)到;达He was wet to the skin. 他浑身湿透了。 5. 趋于;(变)成,(变)到 Things are going from bad to worse. 情形每况愈下。 6. (表示对象)对;向 Excessive drinking did harm to his health. 过量饮酒损害了他的健康。 7. 属于;归于I've lost the key to the house. 我把屋子的钥匙丢失了。 8. (表示比较、对比)比This engine is superior to that one. 这台发动机比那台要好。 9. 对于;关于What is her attitude to the issue? 她对这个问题抱什么态度? 10.与...一致;按...Modern paintings are not to my taste. 现代画不合我的口味。 11. 致使To her delight, she passed the examination. 使她高兴的是她考试及格了。 【短语】 be/get/become used to 习惯于 be/become/get accustomed to//accustomed to 习惯于;有…习惯 accustom oneself to 使自己习惯于 be addicted to 沉溺于;对…上瘾 be opposed to 反对 devote oneself to献身于;专心于 be devoted to 致力于;忠诚于 be admitted to 被…录取;准进入 be attached to附属于;喜欢;依恋 be adjusted to 适应 be known to 为…所知 be engaged to 与…订婚 be married to 和…结婚 be exposed to 暴露于;遭受 be compared to 被比喻成 compare… to…把…比作… get down to 着手做 lead to 导致 object to反对;不喜欢;不赞成 admit to承认 put one’s mind to全神贯注于 look forward to 盼望 pay attention to 注意 stick to 坚持attend to 专心;注意;照料 see to 负责;注意 contribute to对…作贡献;有助于 make contributions to对…作贡献 apply oneself to 致力于 come close to几乎;将近 reply to 回答 add to 增加 add up to 加起来 in addition to除…之外 turn to转向;求助于 look up to 尊敬 belong to 属于 take to 喜爱;开始 respond to 回答;对…作出回应 set an example to 给…树立榜样 refer to 谈到;参考;查阅 agree to sth. 同意某事 （比较：agree to do sth. 同意做某事） prefer… to…更喜欢 turn a blind eye to对…视而不见 turn a deaf ear to 对…充耳不闻 show honour to向…表示敬意 drink (a toast) to 为……干杯 propose a toast to 提议…… occur to sb. 想起;想到 total up to 总计达 be close to 几乎;将近 hold to 坚持;抓住 help oneself to 随便用…… hold on to 抓住;固守 do harm to 对……有害处 do wrong to 冤枉某人 date back to 追溯到 come to 来到;达到;结果为 (比较：come to do sth逐渐做某事) when it comes to… 谈到……时 give an eye to着眼于 put an end to(bring…to an end) 结束 have an eye to doing 打算 the key to ……的答案 access to 进入;取得的方法 on one’s way to 在去某处的路上;在达成某事的过程中 be kind to 对……和善 be senior to 年龄长于…… be junior to年龄小于…… be equal to 和……相等 be particular to ……所特有的 （比较：be particular about 对…过于讲究;挑剔） be subject to服从;隶属;易遭\受\ be familiar to 为……熟悉 be similar to 和……相似 be open to 对……开放 be loyal to 对……忠诚 be helpful to对……有益处 be useful to对……有用 be good to sb对某人好（比较：be good for 对……有益处） be bad to 对……不好 be bad for（比较：对……有害处） next to（否定词前）几乎 next to ……的旁边 due to 由于;归因于…… be due to do sth.预定要做某事 owing to 由于;因……的缘故 thanks to 多亏了;由于 as to 关于;至于 in/with regard to 关于 pay a visit to 参观…… treat sb. to sth. 请某人吃…… 【高考链接】 (2010上海卷) Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future. A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which (2007重庆卷) Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ______ they can be controlled on purpose. A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which (1992重庆卷) In the dark street, there wasn't a single person she could turn for help. A. to whom B. who C. from whom D. that (2004江苏卷) After a long discussion, they an agreement. A. came into B. came out C. came to D. came across 十七、under 【释义】 1. 正在...之中;正受到;处于...情况之下 The plan is still under discussion. 这个计划尚在讨论中。 2. 根据;按照 Under the new regulations this is permissible. 根据新的规章制度,这是可以的。 3. 由于;因为 4. 属于;归入What do bats come under? 蝙蝠归属于哪一类? 【短语】 under the control of 受...控制;受...管辖 under one's arm 在某人腋下的 under construction 在修建中 under the sun在世界上;任何地方;到底;究竟（=on the earth） 【高考链接】 (1978高考) The boat is passing the bridge. A. under B. through C. across (2010陕西卷) The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. A. where B. which C. its D. whose Bob was arrested by the police on suspicion of driving ____alcohol last night. (武汉市2011届高中毕业生二月调研) A. in favour of B. with the help of C. under the influence of D. for the purpose of 解析：under the influence of受…影响 for the purpose of 为了┄目的 十八、with 【释义】 1. 关于;对于;对于---来说 =concerning; in the case of Be careful with the glasses. 小心这些玻璃杯。 Are you pleased with the result? 你对结果满意吗？ 2. 因为;由于;作为---的结果=because of; as a result of She blushed with embarrassment. 她难为情得脸红了。 His fingers were numb with cold. 他的手指冻木了。 3. 虽然;尽管 =in spite of sth With all her faults I still love her. 尽管她有种种缺点，我依然爱着她。 4. be with you 能理解---讲的话 Are you with me? 你明白我说的话吗？ be with sb on (sth) 支持;与---站在一起;同意---说的话 We are all with you on this one. 在这个问题上我们都支持你。 5. 带着...;有...的 The girl with long hair is my classmate. 长头发的女孩是我同学。 6. 以(手段、材料),用(工具) My American friend is learning to eat with chopsticks. 我的一位美国朋友在学着用筷子吃饭。 【短语】 be familiar with对...熟悉 be generous with 在...很大方 be in love with 跟...恋爱 be satisfied with 对...感到满意 bear with宽容;耐心等待 consult with与...商量(协商) end up with以...而结束 equip with]装备;配备 finish up with以...结束;最后有... get away with侥幸做成;侥幸得手 go along with 赞同;附合，支持 have sth. to do with和...有关;和...打交道 come up with 提出 deal with 应对;处理 【高考链接】 in accordance with与...一致;按照;根据 in comparison with与...比较 join hands with互相合作;携起手来 keep in touch with和...保持联系 keep up with跟上;不落后（某人或某对手） make a deal with与...做买卖;和...妥协 put up with忍受;容忍(讨厌的人) with regard to关于;至于 good with善于使用;处理某物或对待某人 have a word with和...谈谈;说几句话 have words with（=quarrel with）和...发生口角;与...争吵（用于贬义） was pleased with对...满意;喜欢.. in harmony with与...协调;与...相符合 shake hands with sb.与某人握手 begin/start with以...开始 come to terms with sb.和...达成协议 make (establish) a connection with与...建立联系 in connection with ...与有关 get along with.进展;走开;别胡扯 do away with干掉;除掉;废除;杀死 cope with处理;应付;对付;克服;与…抗衡 come up with 提出 The people you find most difficult can also be your most valuable teachers. (山东省诸城市2010—2011学年高三2月月考) A. dealing with B. to be dealt with C. to deal with D. being dealt with (2010重庆卷) The dictionary is what I want, but I don’t have enough money me. A. by B. for C. in D. with (2009年天津卷11) —Putting on a happy face not only helps us make friends but also makes us feel better. — _______. A. I’d love to B. I’m with you on that C. It’s up to you D. It’s my pleasure (2007江苏卷) —Have you ______ some new ideas? —Yeah. I’ll tell you later. A. come about B. come into C. come up with D. come out with 介词比较： 一、after与behind 1. 一般说来，after指时间的先后次序，意为“在…之后”（later in time than）; behind指位置的前后，意为“在…后面”（in the rear of）。例如： I shall be free after ten o'clock. 十点之后我有空。 2. after常用以指顺序，意为“跟在…之后”、“接着”、“接连”（in succession or next to in order）; behind 则表示“隐匿在后”、“背着”或“遗留在后”之意。 如： After you, please! 您先请！（出门或进门时的客套用语） You should put the direct object after the indirect object. 你应该把直接宾语放在间接宾语之后。 The policemen are searching for the robbers door after door. 警察正在挨家挨户地搜查劫匪。 Day after day and year after year… 日复一日，年复一年……。 Don't stand behind the door. 不要躲在门背后。 Don't speak evil of a man behind his back. 不要在背后说人坏话。 Who is behind the scenes？ 谁是幕后人？ 3. 在某些场合下，after和behind可以互换使用，但涵义有所不同。如： Shut the door after you.（1） Shut the door behind you.（2） （1）句的意思是“随手关门”，after含有离开与关门两个动作的先后的意味;（2）句的意思是“关上你背后的门”，behind表示门的静止状态的意味，正因为如此，我们通常说：Don't stand behind the door，而不说：Don't stand after the door。 值得注意的是，在另一些场合下，after和behind 在互换使用后，其意并无区别可言。如： 【短语】 1. be behind with [in] 拖欠，拖延，不能如期完成。如：He is never behind with [in] his work. 他工作从不拖拉。 2. be behind in doing sth 做某事不落在后面。如：The boy is behind in handing in homework. 这孩子没能按时交家庭作业。 He was never behind in offering suggestions. 他提建议从来不落在别人后面。 3. from behind 从后面。如：He held her from behind. 他从后面抱住她。 They attacked us from behind. 他们从后面攻击我们。 注：有时 behind 是介词，其后可接宾语。如： He came out from behind the door. 他从门后出来。 4. fall [drop] behind 落在后面。如：I’ve fallen behind in work. 我工作落后了。 Some students dropped behind in their studies. 有的学生在学习上落在后面。 5. leave sth behind （某人）走后留下（掉下）某物。如：What have we left behind？ 我们走后留下什么了？ He left his umbrella behind. 他离开时没有把雨伞带走。 6. stay [remain] behind 留下，在别人后面留下。如：He alone remained behind. 只有他一个人留下没走。 I had to stay behind after school. 放学后我还得留在学校。 二、after与in 1. 均可与一段时间连用，表示“在……之后”，但 after 表示以过去时间为起点的一段时间以后，因此通常与过去时连用;而 in 则表示从现在算起的一段时间以后，因此通常用于将来时或含有将来意义的句子。如： He came back after three days. 3 天后他回来了。 I’ll come back in three days. 我 3 天后回来。 I think he can come back in three days. 我想他 3 天后可以回来。 2. after 除与一段时间连用外，还可与一点时间连用，此时可用于将来时(注：in 不能与一点时间连用)。如： He will arrive after five o’clock. 他 5 点钟以后到(from www.yywords.com)。 3. after 可以与某些表示活动的名词连用，表示“在……之后”(注：in 不能这样用)。如： after school 放学后 after the meeting 散会后 after liberation 解放后 after one’s graduation 毕业后 【高考链接】 (2005山东卷) He was educated at a local grammar school, ________ he went on to Cambridge. A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this 三、among和between between一般指“两者之间”，而among用于三个或三个以上的人或物之中，或笼统的一群人或一些物之中，表示“在…中间”。例如：①Between the door and the windows there is a map.门和窗户的中间有一张地图。 ②What's the difference between the two words? 【注意】1) 我们可以说between you and me，但不能说 between you and I，因为between是介词。 2) between还可以用来指三个或三个以上的人或物的每两个之间。三个或三个以上的名词用and连接，前面用between，而不用among。 例如：①Near the cemetery, between the trees, there is something shining, perhaps bayonets. 在墓地附近，树丛中间，有什么东西闪闪发亮，可能是刺刀。 ② There does not seem much difference between the three of them. 这三者之间似乎没有很大的区别。 ③ Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Austria and Italy.瑞士位于法、德、奥、意之间。 3) among可用来表示一个比较的范围，=one of，常与最高级连用。 例如：①Yokohama is among(= one of) the largest seaports in the Far East.横滨为远东最大港口之一。 四、during和in 1. 当作“在……期间”讲，二者同义，但所表达的时间这一概念，during通常指“当时”，而in则是指“每时”。例如： Where shall you be during the summer? 夏季你们将去哪儿？ In summer a lot of people go to seaside. 夏季有许多人到海滨去。 2. 表达的是某一段时间，二者可以通用;是具体时间，则通常要使用in，不用during。例如： He woke up three times during / in the night. 他夜里醒了三次。 They usually go on holiday in July, but last year they went in September. 他们通常在七月份休假，可是去年是在九月份休的假。 3. 如果表达的是某一时间之后， 要用in，不用 during。例如： They said the building would be completed in a year. 他们说那座楼将在一年后建成。 4. 后面接的名词如果含有时间概念，二者可以通用;否则，通常只能使用during，而不用in。例如： She had some amazing experiences during / in her childhood. 她在童年有过一些令人惊奇的经历。 【高考链接】 (2007湖南卷) _______the silence for the pauses, we could hear each other’s breathing and could almost hear our own heartbeats. A. In B. For C. Under D. Between (2004广西卷) The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _____ the sailing time was 226 days. A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which 责任编辑：李芳芳 |
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