浅谈高考英语写作中的高级表达 |
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2007年起,广东高考英语科试题结构和分值都发生了很大变化。其中,书面表达部分的变化最引人注目。不仅分值由原来的25分增加到40分,而且由原来的一题变为“基础写作”和“读写任务”两部分。这样对考生的写作能力要求就大大提高了。那么,如何突破写作,获得高分,成为广大师生关注的问题。本文就写作中如何运用高级表达提出以下几点供广大师生参考。 1.使用复合句 复合句可以把结构松散的句子连接起来,从而使表达显得高级。高考写作中用到的复合句包括下列几种: (1) 定语从句 Mary is a girl in Class 1. She speaks English very fluently. → Mary is a girl in Class1, who speaks English very fluently. (2) 状语从句 The doctor arrived there in time. The boy was saved. It was not too late. → The boy was saved because the doctor arrived there before it was too late. (3) 名词性从句(包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句) Xiao Ming was always late for school. His teacher didn’t know why. → His teacher didn’t know why Xiao Ming was always late for school. 如果考生驾驭句子的能力较强,则还可以恰当使用复杂的复合句(就是从句中还包含从句)。例如: I want to know whether you want to meet Miss Tang when she comes back from Japan, where she works as an engineer. (本句包含3个从句) 2.使用某些惯用句型 写作中如果能恰当运用英语中某些常见的惯用句型,可以使文章显得富有“洋味”。考生可以参考本人归纳的“中学英语常见重要句型”(50个)。 3.使用高级词汇 一、巧用习语(idiom) 英语中有大量习语,如果运用得当,则可大大增加文章的感染力。考生要在平时的学习过程中不断积累。例如: ① What she explained doesn’t hold water. 她的解释站不住脚。 ② Many families struggle to make ends meet. 很多家庭只能勉强维持生计。 ③ I don’t know why she is always in low spirits. 我不知道她为什么总是情绪低落。 ④ He turned a deaf ear to what I said. 他对我的话一点也听不进去。 ⑤ This sentence doesn’t make sense. 这个句子讲不通。 英语中同义词众多,在表达的时候,尽量用短语代替单个的词。例如: ① I have made up my mind to study English better this term. (同义词:decide) ② I have no idea how to enlarge my vocabulary. (同义词:don’t know) ③ A burning cigarette end resulted in/led to the big fire. (同义词:cause) ④ Since my childhood I have been fond of music. (同义词:like) ⑤ We will take the matter into account(consideration). (同义词:consider) 三、善用小词 在写作中巧用、活用某些小词,常常会起到画龙点睛、四两拨千斤的作用。 (1) 动词:see, find , have, take, get, strike, run, cover, fail, go, make, manage, keep, stay, do(行,可以), help(有用), work(起作用), count, etc. 例如: ① 2005 saw the successful launch of Shenzhou VI in China. ② China has a history of more than 5,000 years. ③ Saddam Hussin got hanged on the 30th of December, 2006. ④ How does Shenzhen strike you? ⑤ I have to earn more than 6,000 yuan if I want to cover my expenses in Shenzhen. ⑥ When I received the news that I got the first place, words failed me. ⑦ This is how the story goes. ⑧ After a few years’ training, she made an excellent teacher. ⑨ Mary’s mother asked her to seize time to go over her lessons for the final exam, but it didn’t help. ⑩ It is the ability to do the job well that counts. (2) 名词、形容词、副词、介词等:a must, a hit, a success, a better/best choice/seller, arrival, stay, top, new, pretty(相当地), terribly, badly, in(时尚的), out(过时的),beyond, under, on display/on second thought(s), at the news of/at the sight of, etc. 例如: ① English is a must for us. ② Of all the 2006 films Zhang Yimou’s Curse of the Golden Flower(满城尽带黄金甲) was the best seller. ③ I made lots of friends during my stay in France. ④ Wendy Wang must be one of the top students in our school. ⑤ This kind of work is quite new to me. ⑥ I am going to find a nice apartment pretty soon. ⑦ Doctors were badly needed in that area after the flood. ⑧ Short skirts are in again. ⑨ His lecture is beyond my understanding. ⑩ Shenzhen Metro Line 3 is still under construction. ⑪ On my arrival I found the front door was open. ⑫ At the news of his death I was shocked. 4 使用名词表达动词意义 ② On arrival home I found the front door open. ③ Living near the airport may lead to people’s loss of hearing. ④ No one can enter the office without permission. ⑤ The railway line is still under construction. 5使用形容词(短语)做状语或者使用非谓语动词结构等 ① They returned home, safe and sound. ② Full of fear, I walked in the darkness. ③ While walking along the streets I met Jane. ④ We started out very early in order to catch the first early bus. ⑤ I arrived home, really exhausted. 6 使用表示过渡的连接词(详见“英语写作常见过渡词汇汇编”) 高考“基础写作”的评分标准中特别强调句子间的连贯性。之所以把衔接和连贯作为重要标准来要求,是因为衔接和连贯是构成语篇的最基本条件。常用的连接词有:and, but, so, besides, morever, what’s more, what’s worse, in addition, however, therefore, suddenly, finally, while, also, too, thus, yet等等。例如: ① He thought he understood the problem; however, he was mistaken. ② They cost a lot of money; thus you should use them carefully. ③ I don’t like the dress; moreover, it’s too expensive. ④ I was late for the film; what was worse, I left my ticket at home. 7.使用比喻、拟人等修辞手法 比喻性结构新鲜活泼,形象具体,能给读者留下较深刻的印象,具有强大的感染力。例如: ① The Great Wall runs across China like a huge dragon. ② To finish the work ahead of time, I have been as busy as a bee recently. ③ He is a lucky dog. ④ Dusk found him crying in the street. (拟人) 8 使用英语中的谚语(详见“英语常见谚语汇编”) 和汉语一样,英语中也有大量谚语。若能在写作中恰当运用,会给文章增色不少。现例举几条励志类的谚语。 ① Where there is a will, there is a way. ② Time and tide wait for no man. ③ Practice makes perfect. ④ A lazy youth, a lousy age. ⑤ Well begun is half done. ⑥ No pains, no gains. ⑦ Look before you leap. ⑧ It is never too old to learn. ⑨ Failure is the mother of success. ⑩ He who laughs last laughs best. 相关链接:高考复习指导
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