代词it, one, that与高考 |
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中学英语教学资源网 → 英语论文 → 高考复习指导 手机版 | ||||
张秀梅 江苏省太仓市实验高级中学 邮编:215400 在英语中,为避免重复,往往把重复出现的表示人或物的名词,用某些代词来代替。常用的代词有it, one和that,其相应的复数形式分别为they,(宾格为them), ones以及those。但在实际应用中,究竟怎样区分使用一直是不少同学感动棘手的问题。下面笔者就通过历届高考,对这些词的用法加以总结。 I.NMET.93.17. I was disappointed with the film. I had expected ______to be much better. A. that B.this C.one D.it 此题答案为D, it取代上文中的the film。 NMET.98.49. But Fant…shouted at the top of her voice “Look at ______! They ‘re all out of step except my John..” A. them B .those C. that D. him 此题答案为A,取代上文提到的soldiers,即此句中的they。 从以上两例中我们可以看出:重复提到的名词前若没有定语修饰,并且单独使用,又是特指时,单数用it代替,复数主格用they,宾格用them代替;it也可代指不可数名词。 再如: 1. Long long ago , there was a war between the birds and the beasts. No one knew what they fought about. 2. He drew his sword and thrust it at me. 3. Much as I like the books, I will not buy them. 句1中they 代替the birds and the beasts,句2中it代指his sword,句3中them代替the books. II.NMET.92.36. Mr Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils, except ______who had already taken them. A. these B.ones C.the ones D. the others 答案为C, the ones代指 the pupils. NMET.95.21. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have ______. A. it B. those C. them D. one 答案为D, one代指glass,泛指“一只杯子”。 NMET.2000. 23. _Why don’t we take a little break? _Didn’t we just have ______? 答案为C, one 泛指a break。 由此我们可以总结出:重复出现的名词前有冠词和定语修饰时,单数用one,复数用ones代替,可以特指也可以泛指;有时冠词也可以用物主代词或指示代词来代替,定语可以是前置,也可以是后置;若重复出现的名词单独使用,且泛指一类事物中的任何一个时,用one 取代。 又如: 1. However, new shoots of bamboo will come up from around the roots of the old ones. 2. –If you don’t like the red coat, take the blue one. - OK, but do you have a bigger size in blue?( NMET.93.35) 3. A bridge made of stones costs much less than one made of steel. 4. These yellow balls are bad; I want those white ones. 5. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, one I will always treasure. (NMET.2002.35.) 句1中 ones代替上文中的shoots,特指;句2中的one代替上文的coat,特指;句3中one代替上面的a bridge,泛指;句4中ones代指上文中的balls,特指。5句中的one代替前面的moment,泛指,在此处作moment的同位语。 III.NMET.99.17. Few pleasures can equal _____of a cool drink on a hot day. A. some B. any C.that D.those 答案为C, 句意为“没有什么快乐能与在炎热的夏天喝上一杯冷饮那种快乐相提并论”,that 代指pleasure, 且为单数。 因此,当重复出现的名词有后置定语修饰,其前面又没有冠词时,单数用that,复数用those代替 ;不可数名词用that代替。 1. Today‘s libraries differ greatly from those of the past. 2. The climate of Shenyang is as good as that of Beijing. 句1中的those代替前面的libraries,句2中的that代替前面的不可数名词climate。 Exercise: Fill in the blanks with “it, they, them, one, ones, that” and “those”. 1. Your cat is white and my young ______is white too. 2. All the students are in the classroom and ______are listening carefully. 3. Mary’s handwriting is far better than ______of Peter. 4. A new model of TV is on sale. Would you like to get ______? 5. The books on the lower shelf are easier than ______on the upper shelf. 6. The boy told him his story and also ______of the girl upstairs…and ______of the terrible wrong that had been done by the two noble men. 7. I can’t find the book I bought yesterday. ______must be somewhere. 8. The living conditions on the Owen’s farm are very close to _____in a city. 9. Many people were killed in their cars , but a few lucky ______were not hurt. 10. Their kitchen is as modern as ______in town because they want to save time for other work. Keys: 1.one 2.they 3.that 4.one 5.those 6.that; that 7.It 8.those 9.ones 10.those 相关链接:高考复习指导
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