高考备考中省略的复习 |
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江苏太仓实验高级中学 张秀梅 邮编:215400 高考复习时,不少同学对于省略总感到很头痛,往往费力费时却收效甚微。如果课任教师把握了有关高考省略的考查要点,学生就会豁然开朗,可收到事半功倍之效。 省略的情况很多,但重点把握以下几点,应对高考就会得心应手。 一、 不定式的省略 众所周知,动词不定式在助动词或情态动词(ought to 除外)之后都省略其符号to 。但除此之外,英语中省略动词不定式符号to的情况还有很多。下面主要介绍几种常考查的情况。 (一)、省略to的不定式 1、 当两个或两个以上的不定式由and, or ,than等连接时,第二个不定式可以省略to。如: What we should do now is to open the window and let the fresh air in. It’s easier to praise people than criticize them. 2、 用在感官动词(notice, observe, feel, see, watch, look at……)和部分使役动词(如have , make, let等)之后作宾语补足语的动词不定式总省略掉to。如: She often make them work for her. I saw a stranger enter the building just now. 注:此结构变成被动语态时必须加上to,如: They are often made to work for her. 3、 在动词help之后作宾语或宾语补足语的不定式可以省略to,亦可保留。 Will you help me (to) move the table? I can’t help repair the radio for you. 4、在would rather than, had better(best)等惯用法之后,动词不定式省略to 。 She would rather die than give in. Better go and get some water for me. 5、 but, except, besides之前有一个实义动词do,其后常用不带to的不定式作宾语;若没有实义动词do,则用带to的不定式。 e.g. He did nothing but lie in the couch watching TV. They had no choice but to wait in the waiting-room. 6、 在cannot but, cannot help but, cannot choose but等固定短语后一般要跟不带to的不定式。 e.g. It’s getting cold, I cannot help but wear my warmest coat. e.g. Rather than ride in her father’s new car she preferred to ride her bike. 8、 两个不定式并列时,为了避免重复,通常情况下后一个不定式的to可以省略;但如果两个不定式进行比较对比时,则不能省略to。 e.g. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_____ it more difficult.(NMET.99.) A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 答案是B不是A,因为“是、、、、、、而不是、、、、、、”形成了对比关系,后面的to不能省略。 9、 不定式作表语时,如果句子的主语有实义动词,谓语是动词,可以将不定式省略。 e.g. What Zhoulan wanted to do now was (to) go and thank her teacher. All I can do at this very moment is (to) give my wishes to them. (二)不定式省略,单独使用不定式符号to 1、 代替动词不定式后被省略的动词,常在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等后面。如: ①The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to .(NMET.95.35.) ②--Would you like to come to dinner tonight? --I’d like to, but I’m too busy. (NMET.94.14.) 2、 在have, need, ought, be going, used, be able等后。如: ①I didn’t want to go there, but I had to. ②__Alice , why didn’t you come yesterday? __I was going to , but I had an unexpected visitor.(NMET.97.22.) 3、 在某些形容词glad, happy, pleased, delighted等后。 ¬①—Will you join in the game? __I’d be glad to. ②__I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? __ Not at all. I’d be happy to. 4、 否定形式的省略用not to 。如: __Shall I go instead of him ? __ I prefer not to . 5、 如果不定式中含有be, have, have been,通常保留be, have和have been。如: —Are you a sailor? __No, but I used to be. __He hasn’t finished his homework yet. __Well, he ought to have. 二、 状语从句中的省略 1、当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be,这时从句中可出现如下结构: ① 连词(as, as if, once)+名词 Once (he was) a teacher, he now works in government office. ② 连词(though, whether, when)形容词 Work hard when (you are) young, or you’ll regret. ③连词(whether, as if, while)+现在分词 He looked everywhere as if (he was) looking for something. ④连词(when, while, though)+现在分词 While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called. ⑤连词(when, if, even if, unless, once, until, than ,as)+过去分词 When/If (he is )asked about the matter, he will keep it a secret. ⑥连词(as if ,as though)+不定式 He opened his lips as if (he were)to speak. 注意:当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时,间或也有这样的省略: Her father told her to be careful when (she was) crossing the street. 2、 当从句中的主语是it,谓语动词中又含有系动词be时,可以把it和系动词一起省略。此时构成连词(if,unless,when,whenever)+形容词的结构。如: Unless(it is)necessary, you’d better not refer to the dictionary. 另外,我们还可以用so 或not代替上文内容,此时可有if+so/not省略句式: Get up early tomorrow. If not(you don’t get up early),you will miss the first bus. He may not be at home then, if so (he is not at home), leave him a note. 相关链接:高考复习指导
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