浅谈as/so+adj./adv+as 结构的本意与转义 |
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陆国强教授在其著作《现代英语词汇学》中指出,每个词自创作之日起,在其发展、变化的过程中,均具有原始意义与派生意义,亦称本义与转义(详见该书P91)。我们认为此语也适用于as/so+adj.+as 的结构。因为该结构在其运用中,也有本义与转义(或称字面意义与隐身意义)之分。前者系非固定搭配,其意义试其具体的意义而定;后者是一种固定搭配,其意义已成定义被编入字典。鉴于此,有必要在教学中提醒学生注意这种同一外形,含义相异的情况。这样才能准确理解所读文章。下面就就结合一些实例来探讨这一结构,所给的每组例句中,第一句表示本义或字面意义(有少数组别的第二句也属于字面意义),余下例句均系转义或引申意义。 一、 as/so far as 像……那么远;就……而言;至于 1. We did not go so far as the bridge. 我们没有走到桥那么远。 2. They explored as far north as the Arctic Circle. 他们向北探险远至北极圈。 3. So far as I know, he has not much money. 就我所知,他没有多少钱。 4. As far as the weather is concerned, I don’t think it matters. 就天气而论,我认为无关紧要。 二、 as good as 和……一样好;几乎是,实际上等于 1. His handwriting is as good as yours. 他的书法和你的一样好。 2. These gangsters are as good as ruined. 这些歹徒差不多快完蛋了。 3. He as good as ignored me. 他实际上等于藐视我。 三、 as late as 与……一样完;晚至/直到……还 1. The manager came to the meeting as late as I did. 经理到会与我一样的晚。 2. I saw him as late as last week. 最迟到上个星期我还看到他。 3. As late as the 1950’s, tuberculosis was still a threat. 直到二十世纪五十年代,肺结核仍然使人不寒而栗。 四、 so/as long as 与……一样长(可指长度或时间);只要,如果 1. This gas pipe is as long as that one. 这根煤气管与那根一样长。 2. The war lasted as long as five years. 战争持续长达五年之久。 2. You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean. 你可以借这本书,只要保持清洁即可。 3. As long as it doesn’t rain, we can play outdoors. 1. John came as often as he could. 约翰尽可能长来。 2. As often as he tried to go there, he always failed. 每当他想去那儿时,结果总是去不成。 2. As often as I tried to phone him the line was engaged. 每次我给他打电话都占线。 六、 as much as 像……那么多,像……同样的程度;实际上,差不多 1. You can eat as much as you like. 他爱吃多少就吃多少。 2. I like cats as much as dogs. 我喜欢猫与喜欢狗的程度相同。 3. He as much as admitted that he was a failure. 他实际上已经承认自己是个失败者。 七、 as soon as 如……那么早/快;一……就 1. Finish the task as soon as you can. 尽快完成这项任务。 2. He did not get there so soon as he expected. 他没有像他所预期的那么早到达那儿。 3. The students were quiet as soon as the teacher came in. 老师一进来,学生们就安静下来。 4. The thrush flew out as soon as the boy opened the cage. 男孩刚一打开鸟笼,画眉鸟就飞出去了。 八、 as well as 与……一样好,不比……差;(除……之外)也,不但……而且……,既……又 1. She cooks as well as her mother does. 她的烹饪技术和她母亲的一样好。 2. His children as well as his wife were incited to the party. 不但他的妻子,而且他的孩子们都被邀请参加了聚会。 3. Hiking is good exercise as well as fun. 徒步旅行除了有趣之外,也是很好多的锻炼。 4. The little girl is clever as well as beautiful. 这个小女孩既漂亮又聪明。 相关链接:教学论文
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