| 分词作状语 |
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分词作状语是高考考查的热点和重要考点，其热点考查内容如下： 一． 确定分词形式 分词作状语时，通常放在句首，并且用逗号与主句隔开。同时，分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致，也就是说在确定选择现在分词还是过去分词时，要判断主句主语与分词中心词的关系。如果句子的主语是动词-ing形式所表示的动作的发出者（即表主动或正在进行），分词形式选用现在分词；如果句子的主语是动词-ed形式所表示的动作的承受者时（即表被动或完成），分词形式选用过去分词。 例：1, _______, I stretched my hand out for it. A. I saw the book I wanted on the shell B. The book I wanted was on the shell C. Seeing the book lying across the desk D. Lying on the desk 分析：分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。根据这一原则，可知句子的主语I只能与see保持一致。 如果选A, 该句中没有连词，没能构成并列句和主从复合句，此时要选用非谓语动词形式。所以选C 2, Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. 分析：“Seen from the hill” 是过去分词作状语。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。根据这一原则，可知，“the park”是“Seen from the hill”的逻辑主语，它们之间表示被动关系，所以分词形式用seen. 二．确立句子主语可能是谁 确立句子主语可能是谁时，仍然遵循分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致的原则。反过来要根据分词形式确立句子主语。 例：Having been attacked by terrorists, _________. A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed C. an emergency measure was taken D. warning were given to tourists 分析: 本题仍考查非谓语动词的用法。句中“Having been attacked by terrorists”是现在分词作状语。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。根据这一原则，可知“受攻击”的应是“the tall building”, 即“Having been attacked”的逻辑主语是“the tall building”.句意为“大楼因为受到恐怖分子的袭击而倒塌”. 答案: B 三．独立主格结构 分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致，但当分词逻辑主语与主语不一致时，分词要有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种主语常常是名词或代词，置于动词-ing形式或动词-ed形式之前。这种名词/代词+动词-ing/动词-ed结构在语法上被称为独立主格结构。此时分词形式的选择取决于名词/代词与v-ing/v-ed形式所表示动作的逻辑关系，如果它们之间表示主动或分词动作正在进行，选择现在分词，如果它们之间表示被动或完成，选择过去分词。 例：Spring coming on, the trees turned green. 2，名词/代词+动词-ed 例：The question settled, they felt released. 3，with/without+名词/代词+动词-ing/-ed 例：With the tree grown tall, we get more shade. Our school looks beautiful with the flowers coming out. The battle was over without a shot being fired. 四．分词作状语时，相当于一个状语从句。 例：______weight, the doctor has warned me to keep off sugar. A. I’m putting on B. Having put on C. As I’m gaining D. To gain 分析：在并列句和主从复合句中, 逗号只起分隔作用, 前后两部分的逻辑关系必须使用连接词来表达; 否则要使用非谓语动词. 该题中B， C两项是非谓语动词作状语, 但其逻辑主语与主句主语不一致, 所以只能使用连接词来表达前后两部分的逻辑关系. 答案: C 五．现在分词和过去分词作独立成分 英语中一些特殊的分词可用作独立成分，不需要逻辑主语。这种无依着动词形式结构已经成为固定用法。 常见的不需要逻辑主语的动词-ing/-ed形式结构: Considering (that)…考虑到 supposing (that)… 如果…… generally speaking 一般说来 frankly speaking 坦白说 Judging from… 从…判断 talking of… 说到…… Concerning… 关于 setting aside... 除开…… Coming to… 谈到 …… allowing for... 考虑到…… Proving/provided (that)…假定 supposing/suppose (that)…假如…… Seeing (that)… 既然 …… given (that)… 假设；如果；考虑到 put frankly 坦白地说 taken as a whole 总的说来 例：1. Put frankly, I don’t agree with what he said. 坦白地说，我不同意他说的话。 2. Given the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. 考虑到他的一般身体状况，他手术后恢复过来可能需要一段时间。 3. Supposing he is ill, who will do the work? 假如他病了，谁来做这工作呢？ 专项练习： 1._______with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared 2. When first ______to the market, these products enjoyed great success. A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 3. “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, _____ out of the window. C. looked D. having looked 4. _____ the interview, the manage went to his office, _____ by the interviewer. A. Having finished, followed B. Finished, followed C. Finishing, following D. Being finished, being following 5. Finding her car stolen, _____. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly C. It was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help Key: 1-5 DBAAD 相关链接：教学论文
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