more than和less than用法 |
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英语中,more than 和 less than 的使用频率相当高,用法也较为复杂。笔者在此将其分别归类,以供同学们在学习中参考。 一、 more than 1. more than 可放在数词之前,意为“超过;不止;以上”,用于此意义时可与 over 互换使用。例如: Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of our planet is covered by water. 整体说来,我们这个星球表面有 70% 以上都为水所覆盖。 2. more than 可放在名词之前,表示“不只是;不仅仅”。例如: Hibernation is more than sleep. 冬眠不仅仅是睡眠。 Bamboo is used for more than building. 竹子不只是用于建筑。 3. more than 用于形容词或副词前,作“非常;十分”解,与 very 同义。例如: She is more than careful in doing things. 她做事非常细心。 In class, he listens more than attentively. 在课堂上,他听讲十分认真。 4. more than 之后接含有 can 的从句时,常表示否定意义。此时,从句中的谓语动词必须是及物动词,并且与句子的主语呈现逻辑上的动宾关系。例如: This secret is more than we can let out. 这个秘密我们是不能泄露的。(主语 secret 是 let out 的逻辑宾语) 比较:less than 后面接形容词、副词时,意为“不;很少;不到”,具有否定意义。例如: a) We were busy and less than delighted to have company that day. 那天我们很忙,不高兴有客人来。 b) The young man is less than twenty years old. 这个年轻人不到20岁。 二、 more … than 1. more … than 意为“与其……不如……”;“是……而不是……”,常可与“ rather than ”或“ not so much … as ”互换使用。例如: He is more like a spear than anything else. = He is like a spear rather than anything else. = He is not so much like anything else as like a spear. 与其说他(指大象)像别的什么东西,不如说他像一根长矛。 He is more poltroon than cautious. 与其说他谨慎,不如说他是怯懦。 Tom has more insolence than I can stand. = Tom's insolence is more than I can stand. 汤姆的傲慢使我难以忍受。 比较: less … than 意为“不像……;不是……”。例如: Joseph is less honest than his brother. 约瑟夫不像他兄弟那样诚实。 三、 no more than 或 not any more than 两者的意思均为“只有;仅仅;不过( = only; just )”,前者多用于书面语,后者常用于口语。例如: Abraham Lincoln's whole school education added up to no more than one year. 亚伯拉罕·林肯所受的全部学校教育总共不过一年的时间。 比较: no less than 意为“不少于;不下于……之多;多达…”。例如: In that battle, we wiped out no less than twenty thousand enemies. 在那一次战役中,我们消灭的敌人不下20,000人。 四、 no more … than 或 not … any more than 1. 意为“和……一样地不……”,表示两者都否定,但说话人往往着重否定前面的一个分句,其作用相当于“ neither … nor ”。例如: Marry is no more diligent than Tom. = Neither Mary nor Tom is diligent. 玛丽和汤姆两个人都不勤奋。 2. 意为“不……正如……不……一样”,常用来加重说话者的语气。例如: We can no more leave the Party than fish can leave water. 我们不能离开党,正如鱼儿离不开水一样。 比较:no less…than 意为“(至少)和……一样”。例如: He is no less active than he used to be. 他和以前一样活跃。 五、 not more than not more than 常用于数词之前,意为“至多;顶多;不超过”,其意义与 at (the) most 相同。例如: There on some hay on the ground lay a peasant boy of not more than seventeen. 地面的干草上躺着一个农家孩子,最多不过17岁。 比较:not less than 意为“不少于”,同 at (the) least 。严格地说, no less than 和 not less than 不同,但二者如今均相当于“ as many as ”。例如: Our school has not less than/ no less than three thousand students. 我们学校拥有的学生不下3,000人。 六、 not more … than not more … than 意为“不如……;不及于……”,语气常着重否定后面的一个分句。常可与“ not so/as … as ”互换使用。例如: This story is not more interesting than that one. = This story is not so/ as interesting as that one. 这个故事不如那个故事有趣。 比较:严格说来 not less … than 的意思是“至少不比……差”,意味或许还要强一些,但现在基本和 no less than 混用。例如: His English is not less than yours. 他的英语至少不比你的英语差。 相关链接:教学论文
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